Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study of Oesophageal Injuries and Related Clinical Outcomes (MUSOIC study).

Objective: To identify prognostic factors associated with 90-day mortality in patients with oesophageal perforation (OP), and characterize the specific timeline from presentation to intervention, and its relation to mortality.

Background: OP is a rare gastro-intestinal surgical emergency with a high mortality rate. However, there is no updated evidence on its outcomes in the context of centralized esophago-gastric services; updated consensus guidelines; and novel non-surgical treatment strategies.

Female and low- and middle-income authorship trends in high-impact ENT journals (2011-2020).

Introduction: Despite a recent drive to increase diversity, the global academic workforce is skewed in favor of authors from high-income countries, and women are under-represented in the published medical literature.

Objectives: To explore the trends in authorship of three high-impact otolaryngology journals over a ten-year period (2011-2020).

Methods: Journals selected: , and Articles were reviewed from four issues per journal per year, and data was collected on: time of publication; subspeciality; number of authors; sex of first and last authors; country of practice of first author and country where each study was conducted.

COVID-19 and Multiorgan Response: The Long-Term Impact.

In late December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered following a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, it was unclear how this virus would manifest into a multiorgan impacting disease. After over 750 million cases worldwide, it has become increasingly evident that SARS-CoV-2 is a complex multifaceted disease we continue to develop our understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and how it affects these systems has many theories, ranging from direct viral infection via ACE2 receptor binding, to indirect coagulation dysfunction, cytokine storm, and pathological activation of the complement system.

Evaluation of Probiotic Effects of Lactobacilli on Mutans Streptococci: An Study.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the probiotic effect of and on clinical isolates of Mutans Streptococci (MS) and antibiotic susceptibility of these strains to commonly used antibiotics in dentistry.

Materials And Methods: Plaque samples from permanent first molars were collected and transferred aseptically onto Mitis-Salivarius agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in the presence of 5-10% CO. Mutans streptococci colonies were identified biochemically using Hi-Strep identification kit.

Clinical misdiagnosis of influenza infection with a confusing clinical course: A case report.

A 32-year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism and major depressive disorder was admitted with severe weakness and somnolence. She had tachycardia and hypotension, indicative of severe dehydration, and was treated with a vasopressor and sodium bicarbonate, but her clinical manifestations deteriorated. A high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan showed a patchy ground glass appearance with interlobular septal thickening, suggesting pneumonia.

Effects of Epothilone Administration on Locomotion Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies.

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing evidence regarding the possible effects of epothilones on spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to investigate the possible effects of epothilone administration on locomotion recovery in animal models of SCI. Despite increasing rates of SCI and its burden on populations, no consensus has been reached about the possible treatment modality for SCI.

Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Female sexual dysfunction (SD) is an under-recognized and undertreated problem in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders (SARDs).

Objectives: To summarize and evaluate the existing treatment modalities for SD in females with SARDs.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines.

The Prognostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Small Renal Cell Carcinomas after Image-Guided Cryoablation or Radio-Frequency Ablation.

There is a lack of cheap and effective biomarkers for the prediction of renal cancer outcomes post-image-guided ablation. This is a retrospective study of patients with localised small renal cell cancer (T1a or T1b) undergoing cryoablation or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) at our institution from 2003 to 2016. A total of 203 patients were included in the analysis.

Barriers to head and neck cancer care in high-income and low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Purpose Of Review: Identify patient-perceived barriers to head and neck cancer care and compare differences in barriers by country income status.

Recent Findings: Of the 37 articles, 51% ( n  = 19) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), while 49% ( n =  18) were from high-income countries. Of the papers from high-income countries, unspecified head and neck cancer (HNC) subtype (67%, n =  12) were the most common cancer type, while upper aerodigestive tract mucosal malignancies (58%, n =  11) were more common in LMICs ( P  = 0.

Management of Pain and Cachexia in Pancreatic Cancer: Protocol for Two Systematic Reviews, Network Meta-Analysis, Surveys, and Focus Groups.

Background:  Approximately 75% of people with pancreatic cancer experience pain, and >50% of them have cachexia (weakness and wasting of the body). However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the management of these distressing symptoms.

Objective:  Our primary objectives are to compare the relative benefits and harms of different interventions for pain in people with unresectable pancreatic cancer and for prevention and treatment of cachexia due to pancreatic cancer, through systematic reviews and network meta-analysis.

Targeted dexamethasone nano-prodrug for corneal neovascularization management.

Background: To overcome the drawbacks of traditional therapy for corneal neovascularization (CNV), we evaluated the efficacy of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated Ala-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly (APRPG) peptide modified dexamethasone (Dex), a novel nano-prodrug (Dex-PEG-APRPG, DPA).

Methods: Characterization of DPA nano-prodrug were measured with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. Cytotoxicity and effects on cell migration and tube formation of DPA were evaluated in vitro.

Medical students' reflective capacity and its role in their critical thinking disposition.

Background: Developing reflective capacity and critical thinking is one of the prerequisites of education in health professions, especially medicine. This study aimed to determine the reflective capacity of medical students and its role in their critical thinking disposition.

Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive research, conducted in 2022, a total of 240 medical intern students were selected using the convenient sampling method.

Metabolomics in Corneal Diseases: A Narrative Review from Clinical Aspects.

Corneal pathologies may have subtle manifestations in the initial stages, delaying diagnosis and timely treatment. This can lead to irreversible visual loss. Metabolomics is a rapidly developing field that allows the study of metabolites in a system, providing a complementary tool in the early diagnosis and management of corneal diseases.

Indications and outcomes of intraocular Lens Exchange among pseudophakic eyes in a Tertiary Referral Center.

Purpose: To determine the indications and surgical outcomes of intraocular lens (IOL) exchange in pseudophakic patients at Labbafinejad Tertiary Referral Center between 2014 and 2019.

Methods: In this retrospective interventional case series, the medical records of 193 patients with a history of IOL exchange were reviewed. Preoperative data, including clinical characteristics, indications of the first and second IOL implantation, intra- and postoperative complications due to IOL exchange, and the pre-and postoperative refractive error and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were considered the outcome measures in this study.

Current State and Innovations in Newborn Screening: Continuing to Do Good and Avoid Harm.

In 1963, Robert Guthrie's pioneering work developing a bacterial inhibition assay to measure phenylalanine in dried blood spots, provided the means for whole-population screening to detect phenylketonuria in the USA. In the following decades, NBS became firmly established as a part of public health in developed countries. Technological advances allowed for the addition of new disorders into routine programmes and thereby resulted in a paradigm shift.

Clinical support during COVID-19: An opportunity for service and learning? A cross-sectional survey of UK medical students.

Purpose: Medical students providing support to clinical teams during Covid-19 may have been an opportunity for service and learning. We aimed to understand why the reported educational impact has been mixed to inform future placements.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of medical students at UK medical schools during the first Covid-19 'lockdown' period in the UK (March-July 2020).

Transseptal vs Transapical Transcatheter Mitral Valve-in-Valve and Valve-in-Ring Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement has become a useful alternative for patients with failed mitral prosthesis or annuloplasty rings who are deemed high risk for redo surgery. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes following transseptal (TS) and transapical (TA) approaches in transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve and valve-in-ring implantation (TMViV/R). Electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched through November 2022.

Fat in the Fossa and the Sphenoid Sinus: A Simple and Effective Solution to CSF Leaks in Transsphenoidal Surgery. Cohort Study and Systematic Review.

 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) remains a challenge and is associated with high morbidity. We perform a primary repair with f at in the pituitary f ossa and further fat in the s phenoid sinus (FFS). We compare the efficacy of this FFS technique with other repair methods and perform a systematic review.

Dentists' preparedness to provide Level 2 services in the North East of England: a mixed methods study.

Background Dentists capable of delivering Level 2 complexity treatments may benefit patient access to dental care and increase workforce morale. However, little is known about attitudes, capability and training needs relating to Level 2 dental services.Aims To examine attitudes to, and perceived readiness for delivery of Level 2 dental services by NHS dentists in the North East of England and North Cumbria.

Defensive medicine and its related risk factors: evidence from a sample of Iranian surgeons.

Objectives: Defensive medicine (DM) is the deviation of a physician from normal behavior or what is a good practice and is aimed at reducing or avoiding the risk of legal litigation from patients or their families. Therefore, this study aimed to determine DM-related behaviors and associated risk factors among Iranian surgeons.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 235 surgeons were selected using convenience sampling.

Community health workers (Behvarz) in primary health care: a qualitative inductive content analysis of challenges.

Background: Behvarzs are the backbone of primary healthcare services in the Iranian health system and play a key role in providing efficient, responsive, and equitable services at the first level of service provision. This study aimed to identify the challenges of Behvarzs to provide a perspective for policymakers and managers to help them formulate future programs to enhance the efficiency of the health system.

Methods: Following a qualitative design, an inductive content analysis approach was used to analyse the data.

Anxiety treatment of methamphetamine-dependent patients with buprenorphine: A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.

Objectives: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, the effectiveness of buprenorphine (BUPRE) in the reduction of anxiety symptoms among the methamphetamine (MA) dependents was evaluated.

Materials And Methods: The 60 MA-dependent patients were randomly assigned to three groups (0.1 mg, 1 mg, and 8 mg of BUPRE), The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was administrated to assess the anxiety symptoms daily at baseline and second to the 5 day after intervention.

Deep learning applications in coronary anatomy imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The application of deep learning on medical imaging is growing in prevalence in the recent literature. One of the most studied areas is coronary artery disease (CAD). Imaging of coronary artery anatomy is fundamental, which has led to a high number of publications describing a variety of techniques.