Flexible Electrode Arrays Based on a Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Chronic Implantable Multiplexed Sensing and Heart Pacemakers.

Implantable systems with chronic stability, high sensing performance, and extensive spatial-temporal resolution are a growing focus for monitoring and treating several diseases such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, chronic pain, and cardiac arrhythmias. These systems demand exceptional bendability, scalable size, durable electrode materials, and well-encapsulated metal interconnects. However, existing chronic implantable bioelectronic systems largely rely on materials prone to corrosion in biofluids, such as silicon nanomembranes or metals.

Assessing left main bifurcation anatomy and haemodynamics as a potential surrogate for disease risk in suspected coronary artery disease without stenosis.

Coronary anatomy governs local haemodynamics associated with atherosclerotic development, progression and ultimately adverse clinical outcomes. However, lack of large sample size studies and methods to link adverse haemodynamics to anatomical information has hindered meaningful insights to date. The Left Main coronary bifurcations of 127 patients with suspected coronary artery disease in the absence of significant stenosis were segmented from CTCA images before computing the local haemodynamics.

- a large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision.

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models).

Development of a Self-Deploying Extra-Aortic Compression Device for Medium-Term Hemodynamic Stabilization: A Feasibility Study.

Hemodynamic stabilization is crucial in managing acute cardiac events, where compromised blood flow can lead to severe complications and increased mortality. Conditions like decompensated heart failure (HF) and cardiogenic shock require rapid and effective hemodynamic support. Current mechanical assistive devices, such as intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), offer temporary stabilization but are limited to short-term use due to risks associated with prolonged blood contact.

Strategies for the design of biomimetic cell-penetrating peptides using AI-driven in silico tools for drug delivery.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have gained rapid attention over the last 25 years; this is attributed to their versatility, customisation, and 'Trojan horse' delivery that evades the immune system. However, the current CPP rational design process is limited, as it requires several rounds of peptide synthesis, prediction and wet-lab validation, which is expensive, time-consuming and requires extensive knowledge in peptide chemistry. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising alternative which can augment the design process, for example by determining physiochemical characteristics, secondary structure, solvent accessibility, disorder and flexibility, as well as predicting in vivo behaviour such as toxicity and peptidase degradation.

Fostering environmental sustainability of leather industry: environmental impact assessment and improvement prospects for leather-tanning technologies.

Because of various negative impacts of chromium intensive manufacturing, the leather-based fashion industry is under pressure to use environmentally friendly tanning technologies. However, there is a lack of scientific research that evaluates the environmental impacts of novel tanning processes. Thus, this study is aimed to quantify and compare the environmental impacts of traditional chromium-based process and a novel metal-free tanning technology.

Random survival forest model for early prediction of Alzheimer's disease conversion in early and late Mild cognitive impairment stages.

With a clinical trial failure rate of 99.6% for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), early diagnosis is critical. Machine learning (ML) models have shown promising results in early AD prediction, with survival ML models outperforming typical classifiers by providing probabilities of disease progression over time.

Genetic assessment of apolipoprotein E polymorphism and PRNP genotypes in rapidly progressive dementias in Pakistan.

Rapidly progressive dementias (RPDs) are a type of fatal dementias that cause rapid progression of neuronal dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of APOE genotypes (ε2, ε3, ε4) and PRNP mutations (E200K, M129V) in the general population of Pakistan because of their association with RPDs, including Rapidly Progressive Alzheimer's Disease (rpAD) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD). Blood samples ( = 100) were collected from healthy Pakistani population and the stated mutations were assessed using polymerase chain reaction.

Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors for Advanced Healthcare Monitoring.

Recent advancements in wearable electrochemical biosensors have opened new avenues for on-body and continuous detection of biomarkers, enabling personalized, real-time, and preventive healthcare. While glucose monitoring has set a precedent for wearable biosensors, the field is rapidly expanding to include a wider range of analytes crucial for disease diagnosis, treatment, and management. In this review, recent key innovations are examined in the design and manufacturing underpinning these biosensing platforms including biorecognition elements, signal transduction methods, electrode and substrate materials, and fabrication techniques.

Phosphorylated octa-aminopropyl POSS grafting on proanthocyanidin interface decorated 2D MXene for enhanced flame-retardancy of cotton fabric nanocomposites.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet materials (MXenes) have unparalleled advantages in the field of flame-retardant multifunctional composites, but their dispersibility, flame retardancy and compatibility with the matrix are poor and need to be enhanced. In this research, we employed interfacial decoration and grafting modification to firstly introduce proanthocyanidins (PCs) onto MXenes surface (forming PC-MXenes) to increase the number of available active sites. On this basis, phosphorylated A-POSS was grafted onto PC-MXene (resulting in PAP@P-MXene) via a one-pot method, organic-inorganic hybrid flame-retardant PAP@P-MXene nano-coatings were subsequently constructed on the surface of cotton fabrics via an immersion method, and their structure-property relationships were verified.

Synthesis of basic amino acid-grafted lignin for use as a high-performance pigment dispersant.

Lignin is a promising dispersant due to its hyperbranched polymer structure, low cost, renewability and abundant availability. However, its use is limited by its broad molecular weight distribution, inhomogeneity, and low content of hydrophilic functional groups. In this work, lignin was functionalized with alkaline amino acids (EHL-AA) to enhance water solubility and molecular weight uniformity.

CytoNet: an efficient dual attention based automatic prediction of cancer sub types in cytology studies.

Computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) plays a key role in cancer diagnosis or screening. Whereas, current CAD performs poorly on whole slide image (WSI) analysis, and thus fails to generalize well. This research aims to develop an automatic classification system to distinguish between different types of carcinomas.

High-Performance Supercapacitive Pressure Sensors via Height-Grading Micro-Domes of Ionic Conductive Elastomer.

Soft capacitive sensors present numerous appealing characteristics, including simple structure, low power consumption, and fast response. However, they often suffer from low sensitivity and a limited linear sensing range. Herein, a concept is presented to enhance the sensitivity and linearity of supercapacitive pressure sensors by functionally grading the heights of macrodomes constructed from a highly elastic and ionic conductive elastomer made of poly(vinyl alcohol) and phosphoric acid (PVA/HPO).

Piezoelectric nanogenerators from sustainable biowaste source: Power harvesting and respiratory monitoring with electrospun crab shell powder-poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite nanofibers.

Wearable piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are increasingly significant in healthcare and energy harvesting applications due to their ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical signals. In this study, we developed PENGs by incorporating crab shell powder (CS-NFs) into electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers to enhance their piezoelectric properties. The PVDF-CS-NFs (PC-NFs) composites were evaluated for structural, thermal, and piezoelectric performance.

Mn─O Covalency as a Lever for Na⁺ Intercalation Kinetics: The Role of Oxygen Edge-Sharing Co Octahedral Sites in MnO₂.

The strategic enhancement of manganese-oxygen (Mn─O) covalency is a promising approach to improve the intercalation kinetics of sodium ions (Na⁺) in manganese dioxide (MnO). In this study, an augmenting Mn─O covalency in MnO by strategically incorporating cobalt at oxygen edge-sharing Co octahedral sites is focused on. Both experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal an increased electron polarization from oxygen to manganese, surpassing that directed toward cobalt, thereby facilitating enhanced electron transfer and strengthening covalency.

Asymmetric Stereo High Dynamic Range Imaging with Smartphone Cameras.

Stereo high dynamic range imaging (SHDRI) offers a more temporally stable solution to high dynamic range (HDR) imaging from low dynamic range input images compared to bracketing and removes the loss of accuracy that single-image HDR solutions offer. However, few solutions currently exist that take advantage of the different (asymmetric) lenses, commonly found on modern smartphones, to achieve SHDRI. This paper presents a method that achieves single-shot asymmetric HDR fusion via a reference-based deep learning approach.

Evaluation of the Protective Role of Vitamin E against ROS-Driven Lipid Oxidation in Model Cell Membranes.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive oxygen-containing compounds generated by various factors in the body. Antioxidants mitigate the damaging effects of ROS by playing a critical role in regulating redox balance and signaling. In this study, the interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the context of lipid dynamics were investigated.

Mitigation of Diabetes Mellitus Using Leaf Ethanolic Extract by Modulating GCK, GLUT4, IGF, and G6P Expressions in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. Synthetic antidiabetics are the commonly used treatment options associated with complications. The objective of this study was to explore the antioxidative and antidiabetic potential of whole plant ethanolic extract using in vitro and in vivo models.