Neonicotinoid insecticide causes multigenerational impairment of inducible antipredator defenses in Daphnia.

Nowadays organisms encounter not only natural challenges from predators but also significant anthropogenic stressors, such as insecticides, which can profoundly disrupt their normal growth and behavior. However, the knowledge on their potential interactions remains largely unknown, particularly regarding how insecticides may affect predator-prey interactions and prey responses across multiple generations. Here, we conducted a multigenerational experiment exposing two generations of Daphnia sinensis to predator kairomone from fish (Carassius auratus) and imidacloprid (a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide), both individually and in combination, followed by rearing two generations in a clean medium to examine effects on a series of traits including morphology, behavior, physiology, growth rate and reproduction.

Effect of intestinal microbiota on adaptation to overcrowding stress in grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂).

Density is an important aquaculture parameter. When the pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) is farmed intensively, it could lead to a degradation in genetic resources and an increase in disease outbreaks.

Characterization of a serine protease homolog from Macrobrachium nipponense and its involvement in AMP synthesis and proPO activation.

Serine protease homolog (SPH) with a clip domain is crucial for activating prophenoloxidase. In this study, we isolated and characterized an SPH gene from Macrobrachium nipponense, designated as MnSPH. The full-length cDNA sequence of MnSPH was 1709 bp, including an open reading frame of 1383 bp that encoded 460 amino acids.

Reinforcement learning-based trajectory tracking optimal control of unmanned surface vehicles in narrow water areas.

For unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) navigating in narrow water areas in the presence of unknown dynamics and ocean environmental disturbances, this paper develops a reinforcement learning (RL)-based optimal control scheme for the trajectory tracking of USVs under motion state constraints. A nonlinear map is introduced to transform constrained motion state errors into bounded transformed errors, and then the motion state-constrained trajectory tracking problem of USVs is equivalently transformed into a boundedness problem of the transformed errors. Furthermore, an actor-critic framework is developed by utilizing adaptive neural networks (NNs).

Cascade-amplification-based electrochemical detection of Akashiwo sanguinea at pre-outbreak stage.

Red tide events caused by Akashiwo sanguinea (A. sanguinea) pose a significant threat to ecosystems. However, studies that offer promising approaches for portable and onsite detection with precise identification of A.

Development of a bioaccumulation model for selenium oxyanions and organoselenium in stream biota.

Selenium (Se) occurs in natural surface waters as a variety of inorganic and organic chemical species, typically dominated by the oxyanions selenate and selenite. Organoselenium species, although hypothesized to be more bioavailable than oxyanions, have rarely been identified or quantified in natural waters and little is known about their fate or bioaccumulative potential. We studied spatial patterns of bioaccumulation in relation to aqueous Se speciation over 5 years at more than 100 locations near coal mine operations in southeast British Columbia, Canada.

Volcanically forced Madden-Julian oscillation triggers the immediate onset of El Niño.

A process-level understanding of the volcanically forced climate response is an urgent challenge due to its similarities to the potential effects of geoengineering techniques. Although the influence of volcanic forcing on El Niño events has been studied extensively, the mechanisms driving the volcanically-induced immediate onset of El Niño remain uncertain, with many climate models producing a delayed El Niño response compared to observations. In this study, using large ensemble simulations that allow us to isolate the impacts of volcanic forcing on the El Niño response, we demonstrate a mechanism that highlights the central triggering role of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), which has been overlooked in existing literature.

Isolation, structural characterization of natural chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides and their binding study with anti-angiogenic factors.

Drugs that inhibit tumor angiogenesis, promote vascular normalization and improve the tumor microenvironment. However, their application is limited by adaptive or compensatory resistance. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) regulates numerous proteins including pro-angiogenic growth factors, for whom binding affinity depends on sulfation of CS.

Contribution of interleukins in the regulation of teleost fish immunity: A review from the perspective of regulating macrophages.

Interleukins (ILs) are potent secreted regulators of a wide range of cell types and cellular activities, particularly in the immune system. They are able to participate in intercellular communication in homeostasis and disease, thereby exerting immune functions. Macrophages serve as the innate immune cells of vertebrates and play a pivotal role in defending against and eliminating external pathogens.

Organochlorine pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments around oil production facilities in the Escravos River basin, Nigeria: Implications for ecological and human health risk.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are halogenated organic compounds of special interest because of their persistent, pervasive and exceptionally toxic nature. Sediments collected in the vicinity of petroleum production facilities in the Escravos River basin (ERB) of Nigeria were analyzed for 20 OCPs and 39 PBDEs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The OCP concentrations in the ERB sediments varied from 0.

Clearance rates and diarrhetic shellfish toxin accumulation by North Atlantic bivalves fed on North American strains of Dinophysis acuminata.

Filter feeding bivalves exposed to the harmful algal bloom (HAB) genus, Dinophysis, become intoxicated by the uptake of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) produced by these phytoplankton. Here, three species of bivalve (Crassostrea virginica, Mercenaria mercenaria, and Mytilus edulis) native to the western North Atlantic were exposed to two North American strains of toxigenic Dinophysis acuminata to assess the impacts of cell density, cell density as a fraction of the total plankton community, and differing Dinophysis prey (i.e.

Supply-side relief for the world's largest coral reef.

Zoning to prevent fishing on 30% of the Great Barrier Reef yields 50% more larvae and biomass of coral grouper on fished reefs.

Deep-Optimal Leucorrhea Detection Through Fluorescent Benchmark Data Analysis.

Vaginitis is a common condition in women that is described medically as irritation and/or inflammation of the vagina; it poses a significant health risk for women, necessitating precise diagnostic methods. Presently, conventional techniques for examining vaginal discharge involve the use of wet mounts and gram staining to identify vaginal diseases. In this research, we utilized fluorescent staining, which enables distinct visualization of cellular and pathogenic components, each exhibiting unique color characteristics when exposed to the same light source.

A novel approach for adaptively separating and extracting compound fault features of the in-wheel motor bearing.

For compound fault detection of in-wheel motor bearings, this paper proposes a novel approach to adaptively separate multi-source signals and extract compound fault features. Building upon blind source separation (BSS), this approach integrates blind deconvolution to address the challenge of extracting weak features. To resolve the undetermined condition of BSS and enhance feature expression, an adaptive signal reconstruction strategy based on local mean decomposition is proposed.

Improved Antifouling and Anticorrosion Performance of CeO Nanocoating Prepared by Mussel-Inspired Chemistry.

Biofouling, the accumulation of organisms on submerged surfaces, significantly impairs vessel performance and hinders maritime industry development. The development of effective coatings has become an efficient solution to this problem. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) were synthesized on dopamine-modified 5083 aluminum alloy (Al) surfaces by mussel-inspired chemistry.

The Influence of Wildfire Smoke on Ambient PM Chemical Species Concentrations in the Contiguous US.

Wildfires significantly contribute to ambient air pollution, yet our understanding of how wildfire smoke influences specific chemicals and their resulting concentration in smoke remains incomplete. We combine 15 years of daily species-specific PM concentrations from 700 air pollution monitors with satellite-derived ambient wildfire smoke PM, and use a panel regression to estimate wildfire smoke's contribution to the concentrations of 27 different chemical species in PM. Wildfire smoke drives detectable increases in the concentration of 25 out of the 27 species with the largest increases observed for organic carbon, elemental carbon, and potassium.

Efficient and accurate feature-aided active tracking for underwater small targets in highly cluttered harbor environments using a full motion acoustic flow field solution.

To address the issue of tracking highly maneuverable small underwater intruders in the dynamic and heavily interfered environment of harbors, a local sparse motion acoustic flow (LSMAF) computation method constrained by robust high-order flux tensor (RHO-FT) feature has been proposed, along with a LSMAF feature-aided active tracking method. First, potential targets are localized from the dense dynamic clutter background of active sonar echographs using RHO-FT feature maps. Subsequently, on the basis of a dense motion acoustic flow calculation method, a local motion consistency criterion is introduced to the potential target area, establishing a method for calculating LSMAF, which updates the precise motion vectors of potential targets in real time.

Intracellular diatom-derived carbon dots for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production of Chlorella.

Optimizing photosynthesis in microalgae is crucial for enhancing bioenergy production and addressing global energy demands. Here, the diatom-derived carbon dots (D-CDs) were synthesized through a hydrothermal method and explored their impact on the growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella. The results demonstrated that D-CDs significantly improved Chlorella growth, with a 59.

Spatial and temporal predictability drive foraging movements of coastal birds.

Background: Temporal and spatial predictability of food resources are critical to the foraging efficiency of central place foragers. While site fidelity is often assessed in this context, route fidelity, or the repeated use of the same path while traveling, and temporal aspects of habitat predictability have received less attention. We examined how the use of urban, coastal, and offshore habitats influenced spatiotemporal predictability in the foraging patterns of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and great black-backed gulls (L.

Abundance of microplastics in a typical urban wetland in China: Association with occurrence and carbon storage.

Microplastics (MPs) are gaining attention for their widespread presence and toxicity in ecosystems. However, their role as a carbon source in urban wetland carbon sinks is still unclear. In this study, the microplastic-carbon (MP-C) was firstly quantified based on the abundance and occurrence characteristics, including MP morphology, size and type in the Sanyang Wetland, a typical urban wetland of China.

High-throughput screening of thermal tolerant candidate genes in the ivory shell (Babylonia areolata) based on the yeast strain INVSc1.

Global climate warming and frequent heatwaves present significant threats to the growth and survival of marine organisms. The ivory shell, Babylonia areolata, plays a crucial role in marine aquaculture as a widely distributed mollusk in tropical and subtropical seas. However, limited research has been conducted on its molecular mechanisms in response to heat stress.

More biomass burning aerosol is being advected westward over the southern tropical Atlantic since 2003.

Each year, agricultural fires in southern continental Africa emit approximately one third of the world's biomass burning aerosol. This is advected westward by the prevailing circulation winds over a subtropical stratocumulus cloud deck. The radiative effects from the aerosol and aerosol-cloud interactions impact regional circulations and hydrology.