Participation among tribal youths of India in vocational training measures: A systematic review of literature.

Purpose: Vocational Training is integral to Skill India Mission 2015, which targets to mitigate youth unemployment. However, evidence reveals a significant number of unenrolled youths. Existing studies pinpoint the reasons for this decline in varied nations including India, but rarely they are specific to indigenous communities.

Scale effects of supplementary nature reserves on biodiversity conservation in China's southern hilly region.

The Southern Hilly Region (SHR) of China plays a critical role in maintaining national ecological security and supporting global biodiversity. However, intensified human activities, such as urbanization and excessive land exploitation, have led to significant ecological degradation, posing threats to both local and global biodiversity. The current nature reserve system in SHR no longer meets the demands for local biodiversity conservation.

The token undermining effect: When and why adding a small reward to a dated outcome makes it less preferred.

The mere token strategy, which adds a small reward (token) to an option to increase attractiveness, is widely used in the consumer field. However, we conducted six studies that seek to confirm the 'token undermining effect', where adding a small token to a sooner and smaller reward (SS) paired with a later and larger reward (LL) decreases the preference for the SS. The results showed that the effect persists across various choice sets, participant populations, reward amounts, delays, outcome properties and regardless of whether the scenarios are incentivized.

Unveiling the effects of artificial intelligence and green technology convergence on carbon emissions: An explainable machine learning-based approach.

Green technology and artificial intelligence (AI) are playing a positive role in reducing carbon emissions. Technology convergence, as a typical form of technological innovation, can expedite the realization of low-carbon goals through the outcomes of AI and green technology convergence (e.g.

Caregiver preferences and willingness-to-pay for home care services for older people with dementia: A discrete choice experiment in the Milan metropolitan area.

Objectives: Dementia is a major health and social care challenge in high-income countries where most people are cared for in their own homes. This study aimed to elicit caregiver preferences for alternative bundles of home care services in the Milan metropolitan area.

Methods: A binary discrete choice experiment was administered to a sample of informal caregivers of people with dementia recruited through a network of non-profit organizations.

Comfort Foods in the Twenty-First Century: Friend or Foe?

The comfort food (CF) concept emerged during the latter half of the twentieth century. Although not well defined, CF can be described as familiar foods that elicit feelings of well-being and play a role in social interactions and psychological health. These foods are often calorically dense and nutrient-poor, and overconsumption of some CF may contribute to negative metabolic health outcomes.

Use of Promotional Language in Grant Applications and Grant Success.

Importance: Scientific writing is critical for successfully showing the merits of innovative ideas to funding agencies, colleagues, and practitioners, and it has evolved over time, particularly in the increased use of promotional words.

Objectives: To evaluate whether promotional language in biomedical grant writing is associated with receipt of funding and to assess who uses promotional language in their grant applications, after accounting for principal investigators (PIs), grants, and other confounders.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study uses previously collected data on 2439 funded and rejected National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant applications from 2007 to 2019 and 9096 funded and rejected Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) biomedical grant applications from 2015 to 2022, bibliographic data on the publications of each PI from OpenAlex, and fixed-effects regression analysis.

Language in job advertisements and the reproduction of labor force gender and racial segregation.

Job advertisements (ads) represent the first point of contact between employers and job seekers. By signaling characteristics expected of an ideal candidate, job ads "gatekeep" the labor force and configure its composition. Meanwhile, labor force composition can also shape the wording of job ads.

Neural and gaze pattern responses to happy faces in autism: Predictors of adaptive difficulties and re-evaluation of the social motivation hypothesis.

Background: The "Social Motivation" hypothesis posits that social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) arise from altered reward perception. However, few studies have examined neural and behavioral responses to social reward-related cues in low functioning ASD children with limited cognitive or language abilities.

Objective: This study investigated if young children with ASD show atypical gaze towards happy faces and its association with altered brain reward responses.

The impact of surprise billing laws on hospital-based physician prices and network participation.

Prior to the No Surprises Act (NSA), numerous states passed laws protecting patients from surprise medical bills from out-of-network (OON) hospital-based physicians supporting elective treatment in in-network hospitals. Even in non-emergency situations, patients have little ability to choose physicians such as anaesthesiologists, pathologists or radiologists. Using a comprehensive, multi-payer claims database, we estimated the effect of these laws on hospital-based physician reimbursement, charges, network participation and potential surprise billing episodes.

Psychosocial and mental health status among older adults in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

Background: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. During the virus's spread and subsequent lockdowns, older adults faced heightened risks and significant mental health challenges.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shandong Province, China, using a custom-designed demographic questionnaire, a COVID-19-related survey, and the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R).

Pathways and enhanced evaluation system for green low-carbon development across diverse Chinese regions.

Background: Rapid economic growth in China has led to significant resource and environmental challenges, particularly in less economically developed regions. This study aims to identify effective strategies for achieving green, low-carbon development in these regions during the economic transition.

Methods: We employed the Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method to scrutinize the impact of economic, demographic, industrial, and technological factors on low-carbon development across a selection of Chinese provinces, including Qinghai, Hunan, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Hainan, and Chongqing.

What determines outward FDI in developing blocs? A new empirical comparative macroeconomic perspective of post 1990s.

This study compares the relationships between important macroeconomic variables and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in the economies of the BRICS and N-11 countries between 1990 and 2019. The analysis employs a comprehensive econometric framework, with ordinary least squares (OLS) serving as the baseline model, followed by three-stage least squares (3SLS) to account for simultaneous relationships, and the generalized method of moments (GMM) for the robustness check to handle any endogeneity. The primary macroeconomic factors that are examined are GDP, financial development, trade openness, technological advancement, human capital, and inward foreign direct investment.

Evolutionary dynamics in spatial public goods games with environmental feedbacks.

Collective actions aimed at achieving goals such as resource sustainability and environmental protection often face conflicting interests between individuals and groups. These social dilemmas can be modeled using public goods games and collective risk dilemmas. However, in reality, multiple generations share a common pool of resources, leading to high costs for today's overexploitation that impacts future generations' welfare.

The impact of household digital transformation on household energy efficiency: Empirical evidence from Chinese households.

Carbon emissions from household consumption are an important part of global energy consumption, and household digital transformation is vital for realizing green and low-carbon development. Using data from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey, this study empirically examines the effect of household digital transformation on household energy efficiency. The results show that household digital transformation significantly improves household energy efficiency across all quantiles.

The role of interdependent self-construal in mitigating the effect of conspiratorial beliefs on vaccine acceptance.

Infectious diseases pose significant challenges to public health, leading to illness and even death. Vaccinations are vital for protecting society, yet beliefs in conspiracy theories related to infectious diseases increase vaccine hesitancy. This paper delves into vaccination decisions in the context of COVID-19, which continues to strain the health care system.

Eliciting parents' decision-making to antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections: A discrete choice experiment.

Background: Addressing antibiotic resistance is important for reducing parents' self-medication of antibiotics for children's upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). However, the decision-making process for parents who irrationally use such antibiotics is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the reasons why parents self-medicate antibiotics for children's URTIs based on a discrete choice experiment.

Factors of migrant children's participation in basic medical insurance in China: an empirical study based on DEMATEL-ISM method.

Background: Deepening medical insurance reform is pivotal in promoting fairness, inclusiveness, and sustainability within the system, particularly by enhancing coordination levels and strengthening the interconnection between medical insurance, healthcare, and pharmaceuticals. In China, 71.09 million migrant children, who make up 23.

Adaptive learning algorithm based price prediction model for auction lots-deep clustering based interval quoting.

This article addresses the problem of interval pricing for auction items by constructing an auction item price prediction model based on an adaptive learning algorithm. Firstly, considering the confusing class characteristics of auction item prices, a dynamic inter-class distance adaptive learning model is developed to identify confusing classes by calculating the differences in prediction values across multiple classifiers for target domain samples. The difference in the predicted values of the target domain samples on multiple classifiers is used to calculate the classification distance, distinguish the confusing classes, and make the similar samples in the target domain more clustered.

Sense of coherence in students while studying abroad.

Background: In the 1970s, medical sociologist Aaron Antonovsky developed the concept of salutogenesis, which is the study of health and development focusing on sense of coherence (SOC). Although salutogenesis has been well researched in higher education contexts, the concept has not been studied in depth in intercultural and cross-cultural settings, such as the one provided by semester at sea (SAS), which is a United States (US) study-abroad programme.

Aim: The aim was to investigate and compare levels of SOC in students in the SAS study-abroad programme.

Stopper vs. Singular Controller Games With Degenerate Diffusions.

We study zero-sum stochastic games between a singular controller and a stopper when the (state-dependent) diffusion matrix of the underlying controlled diffusion process is degenerate. In particular, we show the existence of a value for the game and determine an optimal strategy for the stopper. The degeneracy of the dynamics prevents the use of analytical methods based on solution in Sobolev spaces of suitable variational problems.

Exploring the Experiences and Perspectives of new Graduate Nurses on the Push-Pull Factors of Nursing Workforce Crisis Post COVID-19.

Background: The aim of this study is to explore the practice experiences of new graduate nurses (NGNs) in publicly funded acute healthcare settings in the Greater Toronto Area, their perspectives on the determinants of their desire to stay or leave the nursing profession, and to identify action-oriented strategies to promote retention of NGNs.

Design: Qualitative, descriptive.

Methods: Fifteen NGNs participated in focus group sessions, where a semi-structured interview guide was created to generate discussion on NGNs' lived and professional experiences.