Optimizing first line treatments for adults with OCD.

OCD is characterized by obsessions (recurrent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts, images or impulses and compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels compelled to perform), which can manifest together or separately (Fineberg et al., 2020). NICE guidelines suggest that low intensity psychological treatments (including ERP) is the first line treatment for OCD, and that a "stepped care" treatment approach for OCD reserves combination treatment for adults with OCD with severe functional impairment, and for adults without an adequate response to: 1) treatment with an SSRI alone (12 weeks duration) or 2) CBT (including ERP) alone (NICE, 2005).

Evaluation of a whole system approach to diet and healthy weight in the east of Scotland: Study protocol.

Obesity is a global epidemic affecting all age groups, populations and income levels across continents. The causes of obesity are complex and are routed in health behaviours, environmental factors, government policy and the cultural and built environment. Consequently, a Whole System Approach (WSA) which considers the many causes of obesity and shifts the focus away from individuals as points of intervention and puts an emphasis on understanding and improving the system in which people live in is required.

Assessment and mitigation of bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism: A Position Paper from the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis, in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care and the Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society.

Whilst there is a clear clinical benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in reducing the risks of thromboembolism, major bleeding events (especially intracranial bleeds) may still occur and be devastating. The decision to initiate and continue anticoagulation is often based on a careful assessment of both the thromboembolism and bleeding risk. The more common and validated bleeding risk factors have been used to formulate bleeding risk stratification scores, but thromboembolism and bleeding risk factors often overlap.

Methods of Sentinel Lymph Node Detection and Management in Urinary Bladder Cancer-A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Detection of lymph node status in bladder cancer significantly impacts clinical decisions regarding its management. There is a wide range of detection modalities for this task, including lymphoscintigraphy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and fluoroscopy. We aimed to study the pre- and intraoperative detection modalities of sentinel lymph nodes in urinary bladder cancer.

Evaluation of Current Community Pharmacist Practice in Saudi Arabia-A Cross-Sectional Study from Pharmacists' Perspective (Part II).

This study aimed to evaluate the current practice of community pharmacists from patients' and pharmacists' perspectives in Saudi Arabia. This paper presents the pharmacist's perspective. A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was designed to collect responses from community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia from February to April 2021.

Effects of incidental reminders on prospective memory in children.

Prospective memory (PM) involves remembering to carry out intended actions in the future (e.g., posting a letter on the way to school or passing on a message) and is important for children's independent functioning in daily life.

Expression of GPR68, an Acid-Sensing Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor, in Breast Cancer.

Unlabelled: Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of global cancer incidence in 2020. It is quite known that highly invasive cancers have disrupted metabolism that leads to the creation of an acidic tumor microenvironment. Among the proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors is GPR68.

Influence of Elevated Temperatures on Resistance Against Phoma Stem Canker in Oilseed Rape.

Cultivar resistance is an important tool in controlling pathogen-related diseases in agricultural crops. As temperatures increase due to global warming, temperature-resilient disease resistance will play an important role in crop protection. However, the mechanisms behind the temperature-sensitivity of the disease resistance response are poorly understood in crop species and little is known about the effect of elevated temperatures on quantitative disease resistance.

Phosphate and Endothelial Function: How Sensing of Elevated Inorganic Phosphate Concentration Generates Signals in Endothelial Cells.

Present in all cells, inorganic phosphate (Pi) is involved in regulating a wide range of fundamental cellular processes including energy homeostasis; nucleotide, nucleic acid and phospholipid metabolism; and signalling through protein phosphorylation events. However, at excess concentrations, Pi is known to exert adverse effects on cells, particularly on endothelial cells. This review gives a brief overview of the functional effects of elevated extracellular Pi concentration on mammalian cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo.

Exploring Bacillus thuringiensis as a model for endospore adhesion and its potential to investigate adhesins in Pasteuria penetrans.

Aims: Phytonematodes are a constraint on crop production and have been controlled using nematicides; these are highly toxic and legislation in Europe and elsewhere is prohibiting their use and alternatives are being sought. Pasteuria penetrans is a hyperparasitic bacterium that form endospores and have potential to control root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), but their attachment to the nematode cuticle is host-specific.

Determination of the physiological range of oxygen tension in bone marrow monocytes using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.

Oxygen is a key regulator of both development and homeostasis. To study the role of oxygen, a variety of in vitro and ex vivo cell and tissue models have been used in biomedical research. However, because of ambiguity surrounding the level of oxygen that cells experience in vivo, the cellular pathway related to oxygenation state and hypoxia have been inadequately studied in many of these models.

Serial Passaging of RAW 264.7 Cells Modulates Intracellular AGE Formation and Downregulates RANKL-Induced In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis.

The passage number of cells refers to the number of subculturing processes that the cells have undergone. The effect of passage number on morphological and phenotypical characteristics of cells is of great importance. Advanced glycation end products have also been associated with cell functionality and characteristics.

Synthesis, Characterization and Host-Guest Complexation of Asplatin: Improved In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility as Compared to Cisplatin.

sulfocalix[n]arenes are promising host molecules that can accommodate various chemotherapeutic drugs. Pt(IV)-based complexes, including satraplatin and asplatin, are promising alternatives that overcome the shortcomings of Pt(II) complexes. In this study, asplatin has been synthesized by fusing acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and cisplatin.

Enhanced Anticancer Activity of Nedaplatin Loaded onto Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Red Algae.

Marine algae are a rich source of biologically active compounds that can be utilized in various food and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized to maximize yield and total carbohydrate content extracted from the red algae, . The extract was shown to possess potent antioxidant activity of up to ~70%, and was successfully used as a reducing and capping agent in the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles, which were characterized by UV-spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS).

Reflections on Experiencing Parental Bereavement as a Young Person: A Retrospective Qualitative Study.

: It is estimated that approximately 41,000 children and young people experience the death of a parent each year. Grief responses, such as anxiety and depression, can follow. This research investigated the adult reflections of experiencing parental death as a young person.

Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review.

(1) Background: Over the last decade, misuse and diversion of medications has appeared to be increasingly concerning phenomena, including a range of different molecules. As current knowledge on the abuse of centrally acting anticholinergics is limited, the aim of the present study is to review the relevant published data, focusing on the following molecules: benztropine, biperiden, scopolamine, orphenadrine, and benzhexol/trihexyphenidyl (THP). (2) Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out using Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Antidepressant Prescription for Major Depressive Disorder: Results from a Population-Based Study in Italy.

Objectives: There is limited evidence about the factors influencing antidepressant (AD) prescription for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in Real World clinical practice in Italy. In this retrospective, population-based study, we set out to describe a patient cohort initiated on AD treatment for MDD and investigate the possible predictors of different AD prescriptions in the primary care setting.

Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of MDD who received an initial prescription of one of 11 selected ADs between 1-Apr-2017 and 31-Mar-2019 (index date) were identified from primary care electronic medical records in the Longitudinal Patient Database.

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping for Resistance Against Derived From a Secondary Gene Pool.

Use of host resistance is the most economical and environmentally safe way to control light leaf spot disease of oilseed rape (). The causal organism of light leaf spot, , is one of the most economically damaging pathogens of oilseed rape in the United Kingdom and it is considered to have a high potential to evolve due to its mixed reproduction system and airborne ascospores. This necessitates diverse sources of host resistance, which are inadequate at present to minimize yield losses caused by this disease.

Decoding Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway From a Non-coding RNAs Perspective: A Step Towards Precision Oncology in Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly complex and heterogenous disease. Several oncogenic signaling pathways drive BC oncogenic activity, thus hindering scientists to unravel the exact molecular pathogenesis of such multifaceted disease. This highlights the urgent need to find a key regulator that tunes up such intertwined oncogenic drivers to trim the malignant transformation process within the breast tissue.

Low pH up-regulates interleukin-6 mRNA in L6-G8C5 rat skeletal muscle cells independent of pH sensing by SNAT2(SLC38A2) transporters.

Exercise is known to create a transient, but potent increase in skeletal muscle expression of potentially anti-inflammatory myokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). This effect may be clinically important in managing chronic inflammatory states. It has previously been proposed that lactic acidosis following exercise promotes this IL-6 up-regulation, but the mechanism of this acidosis effect is unknown.

Contribution of glutathione peroxidase 1 (Pro200Leu) single nucleotide polymorphism and serum homocysteine levels in the risk of acute myocardial infarction in Egyptians.

Background: Oxidative stress is among the most common risk factors in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Glutathione peroxidase 1 enzyme coded by the GPX1 gene plays an essential role in reducing oxidative stress. Previous studies correlated the GPX1 (Pro200Leu) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with AMI incidence.