Unculturable and culturable periodontal-related bacteria are associated with periodontal inflammation during pregnancy and with preterm low birth weight delivery.

Recent studies revealed culturable periodontal keystone pathogens are associated with preterm low birth weight (PLBW). However, the oral microbiome is also comprised of hundreds of 'culture-difficult' or 'not-yet-culturable' bacterial species. To explore the potential role of unculturable and culturable periodontitis-related bacteria in preterm low birth weight (PLBW) delivery, we recruited 90 pregnant women in this prospective study.

Modulation of pathogenic oral biofilms towards health with nisin probiotic.

Background: Oral dysbiosis is an imbalance in the oral microbiome and is associated with a variety of oral and systemic diseases, including periodontal disease, caries, and head and neck/oral cancer. Although antibiotics can be used to control this dysbiosis, they can lead to adverse side effects and superinfections. Thus, novel strategies have been proposed to address these shortcomings.

Reassessment of minimal media reveals differences in growth among Porphyromonas gingivalis standard strains.

Objectives: Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the etiologic agents of chronic periodontitis. Our previous study showed that the use of minimal media for P. gingivalis allowed to isolate novel inhibitors of P.

Effect of different restorative crown design and materials on stress distribution in endodontically treated molars: a finite element analysis study.

Background: The purposes of this simulation study were to evaluate the stresses in the roots of endodontically treated molars with extensive coronal tissue loss which were restored by endocrowns (all-in-one core and crown) and traditional crowns with post-cores, during masticatory simulation using finite element analysis.

Methods: A mesio-distal cross-section of a lower right first molar was digitized and used to create 2-dimensional models of the teeth and supporting tissue; different crown designs, viz., endocrown with 2 mm occlusal clearance, endocrown with 4 mm occlusal clearance and post-core crown; different crown materials, viz.

The mesopancreas and pancreatic head plexus: morphological, developmental, and clinical perspectives.

Purpose: Total mesopancreas excision has been found to be helpful for increasing no residual tumor resection rate and improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. This study analyzed the relationships among the mesopancreas and pancreatic head plexus from the morphological, developmental, and clinical perspectives.

Methods: Twenty-four cadavers were employed.

Enzyme-digested Colla Corii Asini (E'jiao) accelerates wound healing and prevents ultraviolet A-induced collagen synthesis decline and wrinkle formation in three-dimensional skin equivalents.

Cutaneous wound healing delay, collagen synthesis decline and wrinkle formation are the common features of skin aging. The aim of this study is to investigate repressive effects of Colla Corii Asini (CCA) (a traditional Chinese medicine which has been used for anti-aging) on hydrogen peroxide (300 µM, 2 h) and ultraviolet A (UVA) (3.2 mJ/cm)-induced skin aging in vitro.

Effect of differences in the type of restoration and adhesive resin cement system on the bonding of CAD/CAM ceramic restorations.

The effect of differences in the type of restoration and adhesive resin cement system on the bonding of CAD/CAM ceramic restoration after cyclic loading was examined quantitatively and qualitatively. Seventy-two human maxillary first molars were divided into three restoration groups: MOD-inlay, MODP-onlay, and crown. Immediate dentin sealing was applied to the exposed dentin of all prepared specimens.

Type I collagen facilitates safe and reliable expansion of human dental pulp stem cells in xenogeneic serum-free culture.

Background: Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a readily accessible and promising cell source for regenerative medicine. We recently reported that a xenogeneic serum-free culture medium (XFM) is preferable to fetal bovine serum-containing culture medium for ex vivo expansion of DPSCs; however, we observed that, upon reaching overconfluence, XFM cells developed a multilayered structure and frequently underwent apoptotic death, resulting in reduced cell yield. Therefore, we focused on optimization of the XFM culture system to avoid the undesirable death of DPSCs.

Adding Dexmedetomidine to Articaine Increases the Latency of Thermal Antinociception in Rats.

Articaine is a low-toxicity local anesthetic that is widely used in dentistry. Typically, epinephrine is added to prolong the duration of articaine local anesthesia; however, epinephrine exhibits adverse effects. Low-dose dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, reportedly prolongs local anesthesia without notable adverse cardiovascular effects.

Effect of epinephrine on the distribution of ropivacaine and lidocaine using radioactive isotopes in rat maxilla and pulp.

We compared the effect of epinephrine on the distribution of ropivacaine and lidocaine by using radioactive isotopes in rat maxilla and pulp. Twenty microliters of 3H-labeled 0.5% ropivacaine, 14C-labeled 2.

Enzyme-digested (E'jiao) prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death and accelerates amyloid beta clearance in neuronal-like PC12 cells.

As an aging-associated degenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ), oxidative stress, inflammation, dysfunction and loss of cholinergic neurons. Colla Corii Asini (CCA) is a traditional Chinese medicine which has been used for feebleness-related diseases and anti-aging. CCA might delay aging-induced degenerative changes in neurons.

Effect of lidocaine with adrenaline and landiolol on hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Administration of local anesthetics with adrenaline can cause tachycardia and hypertension. This study assessed whether combined administration of landiolol with adrenaline and lidocaine would induce local anesthesia without causing hemodynamic changes. Normal saline (NS), lidocaine with adrenaline (LA), and lidocaine with adrenaline and landiolol (LLA) were injected into Wistar Kyoto (WKY/Izm) or spontaneously hypertensive (SHR/Izm) rats, followed by measurement of the pulse rate (PR), and the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures (SBP, DBP and MBP).

Usefulness of hemoglobin examination in gingival crevicular fluid during supportive periodontal therapy to diagnose the pre-symptomatic state in periodontal disease.

Objectives: The absence of bleeding on probing (BOP) is a good predictor of disease stability. This study investigated whether detection of hemoglobin (Hb) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) indicates minute signs of periodontal disease, even in BOP (-) cases.

Materials And Methods: GCF was collected from gingival sulci of 152 sound maxillary and mandibular teeth from 76 patients who had entered supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) using the split-mouth design.

A New Method for Testing Filtration Efficiency of Mask Materials Under Sneeze-like Pressure.

Background: Sneezes produce many pathogen-containing micro-droplets with high velocities of 4.5-50.0 m/s.

Rebuilding the Interproximal Papilla: Description of "Tube" Technique and Two Case Reports.

Introduction: Papilla reconstruction relies on similar principles as those applied to soft tissue grafting for recession defects; however, it is uniquely challenging from a surgical perspective because of the small size and lack of a blood supply. Several techniques have been used to reconstruct lost papilla; however, there are no prescribed techniques for this specific application.

Case Presentation: This report describes a novel technique, herein called, the "tube technique" for treating interproximal recession and reconstructing the interproximal papilla, and documents two cases using the tube technique.

ACE2: The key Molecule for Understanding the Pathophysiology of Severe and Critical Conditions of COVID-19: Demon or Angel?

Recently, the SARS-CoV-2 induced disease COVID-19 has spread all over the world. Nearly 20% of the patients have severe or critical conditions. SARS-CoV-2 exploits ACE2 for host cell entry.

Relationship between periodontal parameters and non-vital pulp in dental clinic patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Endodontic diseases, such as apical periodontitis, communicate with periodontitis and mutually exacerbate them. However, it remains unclear whether pulp condition is a risk factor for periodontal disease. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine relations between pulp condition and periodontal parameters in Japanese patients who visited a general dental clinic.

Comparison of two dental prescale systems used for the measurement of occlusal force.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between two types of dental prescale systems. Forty healthy subjects were asked to maximally clench for about 3 s, and the maximum occlusal force before and after cleaning was calculated using an Occluzer FPD707 for dental prescale (P1) and a bite force analyzing system for dental prescale II (P2). The maximum occlusal forces measured by P1 and P2 were compared before cleaning and after cleaning.

The relationship between the anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis immunoglobulin G subclass antibody and small for gestational age delivery: a longitudinal study in pregnant Japanese women.

Background: Maternal serum IgG antibody against Porphyromonas gingivalis is an indicator of both periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the anti-P. gingivalis IgG and IgG subclasses1-4 in threatened preterm labour (TPL) patients and their association with small for gestational age (SGA).

Characterization of proliferation, differentiation potential, and gene expression among clonal cultures of human dental pulp cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells are a highly promising source of cells for regeneration therapy because of their multilineage differentiation potential. However, distinct markers for mesenchymal stem cells are not well-established. To identify new candidate marker genes for multipotent human dental pulp stem cells, we analyzed the characteristics and gene expression profiles of cell clones obtained from a single dental pulp specimen derived from an 11-year-old female patient.

Polymicrobial periodontal disease triggers a wide radius of effect and unique virome.

Periodontal disease is a microbially-mediated inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissues that leads to bone and tissue loss around teeth. Although bacterially-mediated mechanisms of alveolar bone destruction have been widely studied, the effects of a polymicrobial infection on the periodontal ligament and microbiome/virome have not been well explored. Therefore, the current investigation introduced a new mouse model of periodontal disease to examine the effects of a polymicrobial infection on periodontal ligament (PDL) properties, changes in bone loss, the host immune response, and the microbiome/virome using shotgun sequencing.

Temporal and dynamic changes in gingival blood flow during progression of ligature-induced periodontitis.

Objectives: To evaluate temporal changes in gingival blood flow (GBF) during progression of periodontitis in rats using a laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF) approach and to characterize morphological and biochemical features in the periodontium associated with GBF.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into a ligature-induced periodontitis group and a control group. To induce periodontitis, ligatures were tied around maxillary first molars bilaterally.

Impact of passive self-ligation and conventional elastic ligation on orthodontic force in the simulation of a mandibular lateral incisor linguoversion.

Introduction: This study compared three-dimensional forces delivered to the displaced tooth and its adjacent teeth between passive self-ligation (PSL) and conventional elastic ligation (CL) in simulation of mandibular lateral incisor linguoversions.

Methods: A multisensor system was used to measure three-dimensional forces delivered to brackets attached to the mandibular left central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine (FDI tooth numbers 31, 32, and 33, respectively). Two ligation methods (PSL and CL), 3 nickel-titanium (0.

Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Advances to Applications.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have a high capacity for differentiation and the ability to regenerate a dentin/pulp-like complex. Numerous studies have provided evidence of DPSCs' differentiation capacity, such as in neurogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, and dentinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms and functions of DPSCs' differentiation process are affected by growth factors and scaffolds.

Presence of the annular ridge and location of the coronary sinus ostium as morphological features ofthe right atrium and interatrial septum in healthy common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

To effectively use a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as an experimental animal species, it is critical to establish a normal characteristics and morphology of the organs of the common marmoset. Although gross morphology of the common marmoset heart is reportedly the same as that of humans, little information is available regarding detailed morphology of the right atrium and the interatrial septum. Heart specimens were collected from three male and 10 female marmosets aged 9 to 65 months to determine the morphological features of the right atrium and the interatrial septum.