A happy place to be in: how beliefs about living places influence depression in Chinese international student returnees.

Background: The mental health of Chinese international student returnees is a critical concern impacting their well-being and successful reintegration into home society, especially in the post-COVID-19 era. This study examines how beliefs about changing living conditions, emigration intentions, and belief in fate influence depression levels among these returnees.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey collected data from 1,014 returnees through WeChat public groups.

Paradigm Transformation of Global Health Data Regulation: Challenges in Governance and Human Rights Protection of Cross-Border Data Flows.

The growing global exchange of healthcare data requires more cohesive and effective regulatory frameworks to ensure fair access and protect patient privacy. However, cross-border regulatory rules for healthcare data diverge across countries, such as the EU, which highlights personal data rights and restricts cross-border flow of healthcare data through the GDPR, the United States, which emphasizes the free flow of healthcare data trade or services, and China, which emphasizes cross-border regulatory rules for healthcare data at the level of national data security. Such inconsistent policies often impede international medical research collaborations, undermine the effectiveness of telemedicine, and create barriers for healthcare providers to share patient information.

Innovative Approach to Sustainable Fertilizer Production: Leveraging Electrically Assisted Conversion of Sewage Sludge for Nutrient Recovery.

Efforts addressing sludge management, food security, and resource recovery have led to novel approaches in these areas. Electrically assisted conversion of sludge stands out as a promising technology for sewage sludge valorization, producing nitrogen and phosphorus-based fertilizers. The adoption of this technology, which could lead to a fertilizer circular economy, holds the potential to catalyze a transformative change in wastewater treatment facilities toward process intensification, innovation, and sustainability.

Can criminology sway the public? How empirical findings about deterrence affect public punishment preferences.

Background Setting: Punitive approaches to deter offending remain popular despite limited evidence of their effectiveness. This study investigated what effect presenting empirical criminological findings about the effectiveness of deterrence to a general public has on their punishment preferences. It builds on earlier research showing that such presentation reduces the public's inclination towards strict punishment.

Impact of living arrangements and internet use on the mental health of Chinese older adults.

Introduction: The consequences of aged living arrangements on mental health in the digital age have drawn significant research attention.

Methods: This study used empirical data to analyze the impact of living arrangements on the mental health of older adults by ordinary least squares (OLS) and to examine the moderating effect of Internet use in it through the moderating effect test. A total of 17,243 older adults were included in the analytical model.

Access and knowledge of contraceptives and unmet need for family planning in Pakistan.

Background: Family planning facilities provide an extensive choice of assistance that is beneficial for women and the society. It may limit the fatality risk for mothers and babies by reducing the rate of pregnancies and abortions. The Government of Pakistan has been continuously trying to persuade the people about the importance of family planning.

Evidence on trends in uptake of childhood vaccines and association with COVID-19 vaccination rates.

Importance: Childhood vaccination rates have declined in recent years; there is also concern that resistance to COVID-19 vaccines could spill over to childhood vaccines.

Objectives: To use local-level data to study trends in childhood vaccination rates and heterogeneity in local rates; including how many areas are below herd-immunity thresholds, and assess the association between COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and childhood vaccination.

Design: We report, for 11 states with available data, vaccination rates for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines, including percentage of schools/counties with rates ≥95 %, 90-95 %, 80-90 %, and < 80 %.

Mitigating housing market shocks: an agent-based reinforcement learning approach with implications for real-time decision support.

Research in modelling housing market dynamics using agent-based models (ABMs) has grown due to the rise of accessible individual-level data. This research involves forecasting house prices, analysing urban regeneration, and the impact of economic shocks. There is a trend towards using machine learning (ML) algorithms to enhance ABM decision-making frameworks.

Intellectual property issues for open science practices in genomic-related health research and innovation in Africa.

This paper considers the applicability and implications of intellectual property rights (IPRs) for open science practices in the context of genomic-related health research and innovation in Africa. The first part provides a brief background of the gaps in genomics and health research in Africa, highlighting the possible role of open science in facilitating collaborative research to address the peculiar health needs of the continent. The second part examines intellectual property protection in genomic-related health research and innovation in Africa, outlining some of the existing legal instruments and policies guiding the application of IPRs, focusing on patents and copyrights.

Causes, Solutions and Health Inequalities: Comparing Perspectives of Professional Stakeholders and Community Participants Experiencing Low Income and Poor Health in London.

Background: Engaging with the public can influence policy decisions, particularly towards more radical policy change. While established research exists exploring public perceptions on causes of health inequalities, much less exists on how to tackle health inequalities in the UK. Despite an emphasis on 'lived experience', currently no study has focused on how individuals with very poor health conceive of both causes of, and solutions to, health inequalities.

Intelligent management and legal regulation of enterprise green supply chain by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.

This study aims to evaluate the risk levels of intelligent management in Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) through the application of the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) model. It begins by outlining the structure of the green supply chain (GSC), encompassing various components such as suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors, while incorporating considerations of environmental and sustainability factors. Data is collected from Company Y through a questionnaire survey, and the FCE model is employed to assess the risk levels of intelligent management within GSCM.

Prevention of Food Waste in China: Role and Impact of China's Anti-Food Waste Law.

In recent years, despite global improvements in development, food scarcity and waste remain critical issues impacting food security, human health, and environmental sustainability. China's Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs reports that China's food loss and waste rate is approximately 22.7%, amounting to 460 million tons annually, with the consumption and post-harvest processing stages facing the highest losses.

Training, practice, and career considerations in forensic psychology: results from a field survey of clinical and non-clinical professionals in the United States.

The current field survey describes the identities, training, practices, and careers of 351 U.S. forensic psychologists.

The need for speed? Exploring the risks and benefits of pharmacological treatment for adult ADHD in prisons.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is overrepresented in prison populations globally. Although pharmacological treatment has generally been demonstrated to be an effective tool for managing ADHD symptoms in the general population, it remains controversial in the prison context. This is primarily due to concerns about the diversion and abuse of medication.

The Normative Role of the Circular Plastics Alliance in the EU's Transition towards a European Circular Economy for Plastics.

The global pollution and waste crisis presents us with environmental and economic challenges which if not properly addressed could destabilise or threaten the survival and welfare of societies. The European Union is responding to the waste and pollution crisis through its circular economy agenda that adopts a broad life-cycle approach to the regulation of plastics from production, consumption, disposal, and recycling. To operationalise its agenda, the European Union seeks to mobilise all actors towards the objective of improving the economics of plastic recycling.

Unjustified Partiality or Impartial Bias? Reckoning with Age and Disability Discrimination in Cancer Clinical Trials.

The exclusion of the elderly and people with disabilities from cancer clinical research without appropriate justification is discriminatory and is at odds with the ethos of EU principles, laws and research regulations. It further limits study generalizability. Several primary EU laws fronted by the European Charter prohibit engaging in disparate impact discrimination on the grounds of age and disability in all of EU tasks.

Individual liberty, safety and police liabilities under the mental health (care and treatment) act.

How should a society strike a balance between the objective of ensuring safety from dangers that may be posed by individuals believed to have a mental disorder and the deprivation of their liberty? How should police officers discharge their duties in apprehending such individuals with a view to conveying them to a medical practitioner at a psychiatric institution? These legal issues took centrestage in the Singapore High Court decision of Mah Kiat Seng v Attorney-General in which the apprehended individual brought claims in false imprisonment against a police officer. The decision examined the underlying purposes of the Singapore Mental Health (Care and Treatment) Act, the right of the person to be informed of the grounds of apprehension, the bases of the police officer's belief that the person posed a danger to himself or others, and the circumstances in which the police officers may be entitled to immunity from liability to civil or criminal proceedings. The High Court judgment led to statutory amendments to clarify police duties when apprehending such individuals and discussions about enhancements to police training and crisis support services for persons with mental illnesses.

Sensory quality and regulatory aspects of upcycled foods: Challenges and opportunities.

The food industry has to become more sustainable to face the challenge of food waste. The principles of circular economy are starting to be applied in real life and despite technological and regulatory challenges, some start-ups have started commercialising upcycled food products. Upcycled foods can be considered a new food category and to increase their potential it is essential to enhance their sensory quality and consumer appeal, while considering the regulatory framework that shapes their development.

Alcohol-related injuries from e-scooter and e-bike use in the US (2019-2022): a retrospective study.

Background: The use of electric-powered scooters and bikes (e-scooters/bikes) is rising, but little is known about associated injuries and substance use. This study analysed the trends and factors associated with e-scooter/bike-related injuries and alcohol/substance use emergency department (ED) visits from 2019 to 2022.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of US ED visit data from the 2019-2022 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) identified visits for e-scooter/bike-related injuries.

The long-term impact of debt relief for indigent defendants in a misdemeanor court.

US courts regularly assess fines, fees, and costs against criminal defendants. Court-related debt can cause continuing court involvement and incarceration, not because of new crimes, but because of unpaid financial obligations. We conducted an experiment with 606 people found guilty of misdemeanors in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma.