Design and Synthesis of Benzimidazole Carboxamide Cysteine Protease Inhibitors as Promising Anti-leishmanial Agents.

Introduction: More than 20 protozoan species of Leishmania are responsible for causing Leishmaniasis, an infection spread by blood-feeding phlebotomine sandflies. A narrow pool of drugs is currently available rendering the current drug stratagem to treat this infection . Development of novel, less toxic, and more effective regimens is thus a need of the hour.

Peripherally-restricted recurrent infection by engineered E. coli strain modulates hippocampal proteome promoting memory impairments in a rat model.

Commensal bacteria that breach endothelial barrier has been reported to induce low grade chronic inflammation producing disease symptoms in major peripheral tissues. In this study, we investigated the role of genetically modified cellular invasive form of commensal E. coli K12 (SK3842) in cognitive impairment.

Structural inscrutabilities of Histone (H2BK123) monoubiquitination: A systematic review.

Histone H2B monoubiquitination in budding yeast is a highly conserved post-translational modification. It is involved in normal functions of the cells like DNA Repair, RNA Pol II activation, trans-histone H3K and H79K methylation, meiosis, vesicle budding, etc. Deregulation of H2BK123ub can lead to the activation of proto-oncogenes and is also linked to neurodegenerative and heart diseases.

Identification of novel biomarkers and potential molecular targets for uterine cancer using network-based approach.

A better understanding of incidences at the cellular level in uterine cancer is necessary for its effective treatment and favourable prognosis. Till date, it lacks appropriate molecular target-based treatment because of unknown molecular mechanisms that proceed to cancer and no drug has shown the required results of treatment with less severe side effects. Uterine Cancer is one of the top five cancer diagnoses and among the ten most common death-causing cancer in the United States of America.

Screening of miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers and their associated hub targets across Hepatocellular carcinoma using survival-based bioinformatics approach.

Background: The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incident rate is gradually increasing yearly despite all the research and efforts taken by scientific communities and governing bodies. Approximately 90% of all liver cancer cases belong to HCC. Usually, HCC patients approach the treatment in the late stages of this malignancy which becomes the primary cause of high mortality rate.

Activation of the lysosomal damage response and selective autophagy: the coordinated actions of galectins, TRIM proteins, and CGAS-STING1 in providing immunity against .

Autophagy is a crucial immune defense mechanism that controls the survival and pathogenesis of by maintaining cell physiology during stress and pathogen attack. The E3-Ub ligases (PRKN, SMURF1, and NEDD4) and autophagy receptors (SQSTM1, TAX1BP1, CALCOCO2, OPTN, and NBR1) play key roles in this process. Galectins (LGALSs), which bind to sugars and are involved in identifying damaged cell membranes caused by intracellular pathogens such as , are essential.

Identification and characterization of repurposed small molecule inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis caseinolytic protease B (ClpB) as anti-mycobacterials.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) caseinolytic protease B (ClpB) is a chaperone possessing a unique ability to resolubilize the aggregated proteins in vivo. ClpB has been shown to be important for the survival of Mtb within the host. Thus, it appears to be a promising target to develop new therapeutic molecules against tuberculosis.

Mutation of conserved histidine residues of dengue virus envelope protein impairs viral like particle maturation and secretion.

Dengue virus (DENV) envelope protein plays crucial role in virus entry and maturation of virus during infection. Maturation of DENV occurs in the trans Golgi network at slightly acidic pH which is close to pKa of histidine. When exposed to the acidic environment of the late secretory pathway, dengue virus particles go through a significant conformational change, whereby interactions of structural proteins envelope (E) and prM proteins are reorganised and enable furin protease to cleave prM resulting in mature virus.

Antiviral Potential of Traditional Unani Medicine with Special Emphasis on Dengue: A Review.

Dengue fever has become a major public health concern. It is usually related to intravascular leaking, bleeding disorders, and thrombocytopenia and is recognized as a potent threat to humans. The scarcity of anti-dengue medication or vaccine for such a serious disease leads to an upsurge in the usage of traditional medicines for its proper management.

Antimony resistance and gene expression in : spotlight on molecular and proteomic aspects.

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by parasites with a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from skin lesions to severe visceral complications. Treatment of this infection has been extremely challenging with the concurrent emergence of drug resistance. The differential gene expression and the discrepancies in protein functions contribute to the appearance of 2 distinct phenotypes: resistant and sensitive, but the current diagnostic tools fail to differentiate between them.

Neuroprotective effect of ropinirole against Aβ -induced neurochemical perturbations and cognitive impairments in a rodent model.

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ropinirole (ROP) medication given for an extended period following the induction of cognitive decline, oxidative stress, and deterioration of mitochondria in a Wistar rat model by Aβ . This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective efficacy of ROP in a stereotaxis model of AD. The Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups.

Intranasal inorganic cerium oxide nanoparticles ameliorate oxidative stress induced motor manifestations in haloperidol-induced parkinsonism.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs), owing to their radical scavenging property, have recently emerged as a therapeutic candidate for oxidative stress-mediated neurological diseases. However, oral and intravenous administration of CONPs is limited due to their poor physicochemical characteristics, low bioavailability, rapid systemic clearance, poor blood-brain penetration and dose-dependent toxicity. To overcome these challenges, we developed intranasal CONPs and evaluated their potential in the experimental PD model.

GUD-VE visualization tool for physicochemical properties of proteins.

The physicochemical properties of primary sequences of proteins helps in determining both the structure and biological functions. The sequence analysis of the proteins and nucleic acids is most fundamental element of bioinformatics. Without these elements, it is impossible to gain insight deeper molecular and biochemical mechanisms.

Role of non-coding RNAs against salinity stress in Oryza species: Strategies and challenges in analyzing miRNAs, tRFs and circRNAs.

Salinity is an imbalanced concentration of mineral salts in the soil or water that causes yield loss in salt-sensitive crops. Rice plant is vulnerable to soil salinity stress at seedling and reproductive stages. Different non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate different sets of genes during different developmental stages under varying salinity tolerance levels.

Exploring Edible Mushrooms for Diabetes: Unveiling Their Role in Prevention and Treatment.

Diabetes mellitus is a complex illness in which the body does not create enough insulin to control blood glucose levels. Worldwide, this disease is life-threatening and requires low-cost, side-effect-free medicine. Due to adverse effects, many synthetic hypoglycemic medications for diabetes fail.

Trends in millet and pseudomillet proteins - Characterization, processing and food applications.

Millets are small-seeded crops which have been well adopted globally owing to their high concentration of macro and micronutrients such as protein, dietary fibre, essential fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. Considering their climate resilience and potential role in nutritional and health security, the year 2023 has been declared as 'International Year of Millets' by the United Nations. Cereals being the major nutrient vehicle for a majority population, and proteins being the second most abundant nutrient in millets, these grains can be a suitable alternative for plant-based proteins.

RGB colorimetric method based detection of oxytocin in food samples using cysteamine functionalized gold nanoparticles.

In the present investigation, a colorimetric method has been demonstrated for detection of oxytocin using Cysteamine functionalized gold nanoparticles (Cys-AuNP). The analyte oxytocin which finds its use in medical field is purposefully injected in fruits and vegetables for their faster growth. Also, it is used in the milk letdown in cattles.

Metabolite Profiling, Stability Testing, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vivo Pattern Recognition Analysis of Arq-e-Keora: A Traditional Unani Formulation.

Background: Arq-e-Keora is a liquid formulation of the Unani system of medicine and used since long for the management of weakness of heart, palpitations, etc.

Objective: The study was carried out to generate a scientific data for its metabolite profiling, stability testing, pharmacokinetics, and pattern recognition analysis of Arq-e-Keora.

Method: Arq-e-Keora has been prepared as water distillate of male wpadix of Pandanus odoratissimus L.

Effects of pramipexole on beta-amyloid memory deficits and evaluation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function markers in the hippocampus of Wistar rat.

Oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are two prominent pathological features and gradually understood as important pathogenic events for neurodegenerative diseases, including aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was aimed to explore the prolonged treatment of pramipexole (PPX) following amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced cognitive impairments , oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in a Wistar rat model. We have found that PPX (1.

Metabolomic Profiling and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Polyherbal Combination in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice.

The study was aimed to develop a characterized polyherbal combination as an immunomodulator containing L., L., (L.

TLC-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity-Based Scientific Validation for Use of Water Extracts in AYUSH Formulations.

We aimed to develop a chromatographic method for scientific validation of water extract of some important Indian traditional plants used in AYUSH-based formulation as immunomodulator and to evaluate their bioactive potential. Fruits of L. and L.

Trans fatty acids in food: A review on dietary intake, health impact, regulations and alternatives.

Trans fats are desired by the edible oil industry as they impart firmness, plasticity, and oxidative stability to oil. However, clinical trials have demonstrated the adverse effects of trans fats in food on human health and nutrition. Regulatory actions have been taken up by government and non-government bodies worldwide to eliminate the presence of trans fats in the food supply.

miRPreM and tiRPreM: Improved methodologies for the prediction of miRNAs and tRNA-induced small non-coding RNAs for model and non-model organisms.

In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) and tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) have been reported extensively following different approaches of identification and analysis. Comprehensively analyzing the present approaches to overcome the existing variations, we developed a benchmarking methodology each for the identification of miRNAs and tRFs, termed as miRNA Prediction Methodology (miRPreM) and tRNA-induced small non-coding RNA Prediction Methodology (tiRPreM), respectively. We emphasized the use of respective genome of organism under study for mapping reads, sample data with at least two biological replicates, normalized read count support and novel miRNA prediction by two standard tools with multiple runs.