Child mortality in Eastern Ethiopia: acceptability of Postmortem minimally invasive tissue sampling in a predominantly muslim community.

Background: It is crucial to consider cultural, religious, and socio-behavioural factors that may influence the acceptability of Minimally Invasive Tissues Sampling (MITS). MITS is being used to understand the causes of child death and conducted in nine countries within Africa and South Asia with the highest child mortality. Progress has been made in the development of laboratory infrastructures and training for physicians to do MITS, but many communities are concerned about the religious acceptability of taking samples from deceased children.

Anxiety and Depression Among Adults and Children With Celiac Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Different Psychiatry Scales.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder in which genetically susceptible individuals cannot digest gluten (wheat) and its homologs such as Scalin (rye) and Hordein (barley).

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the measures of associations between CD and psychiatric disorders, specifically anxiety and depression, and explore the relationship between adherence to a Gluten-Free Diet (GFD) and the psychiatric aspects of the disease.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for articles investigating anxiety and depression in CD patients.

The African Medicines Agency and Medicines Regulation: Progress, challenges, and recommendations.

In response to the situation of the African healthcare system, the African Medicines Agency (AMA) was established by the African Union (AU) to regulate access to medicines and support the local manufacture of medications. This study aimed to describe the factors that enabled the establishment of the African Medicines Agency and its successes, challenges, and perceived benefits. We reviewed data sources that explored the progress and challenges of the African Medicines Agency and Medicines Regulation in Africa.

Approaches to enable equitable psychiatric genetic research in Africa.

African populations are currently underrepresented in global psychiatric genetics research. Here, we highlight the importance of conducting psychiatric genetics research in Africa, key issues which have hindered such research, and ongoing initiatives and strategies to overcome these issues.

Humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated children following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection.

Objectives: The immune response in children elicited by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection alone or in combination with COVID-19 vaccination (hybrid immunity) is poorly understood. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in unvaccinated children and children who were previously vaccinated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.

Methods: Participants were recruited as part of a household cohort study conducted during the Omicron predominant wave (Jan to July 2022) in Victoria, Australia.

Knowledge attitude and practice of antibiotic use among medical students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: Antibiotic misuse represent a significant global health challenge, with medical students positioned as key figures in promoting responsible antibiotic usage. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use among medical students in Bangladesh, aiming to identify areas for targeted educational and policy interventions.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 501 medical students across various years of study in Bangladesh, collecting data over a 3-month period.

Evaluation of an intervention to improve Primary Health Care's response to cases of domestic violence against women - São Paulo, Brazil.

The aim was to analyse and improve the Primary Health Care (PHC) response to domestic violence against women (DVAW) by developing, implementing and evaluating an intervention. A pilot study evaluating the before and after of intervention implementation, using mixed methods and carried out in three phases - formative, intervention and evaluation - between August 2017 and March 2019 in two Basic Health Units (UBS) in the city of São Paulo. In this paper, we present the details and evaluation of the intervention, carried out six to twelve months after its implementation.

Interventions promoting resilience through climate smart agricultural practices for women farmers: A systematic review.

Background: Climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural production worldwide, with developing countries being particularly vulnerable to its negative impacts. Agriculture, which is a crucial factor in ensuring food security and livelihoods, is particularly vulnerable to changes in climate patterns, such as increased temperatures, drought, and extreme weather events. One approach to addressing these challenges is by promoting the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices among farmers.

The role of nurses and midwives in medical laboratory investigations in sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction: Across the globe, nurses and midwives play a crucial role in providing care to patients in healthcare facilities. They often contact the patient, providing direct care as directed by medical doctors or clinical officers. Traditionally, the role of nurses and midwives in the clinical diagnosis process is to coordinate the clinical diagnosis process-which includes laboratory diagnosis requests-from diagnosticians to the clinical laboratory.

ROAD2H: Development and evaluation of an open-source explainable artificial intelligence approach for managing co-morbidity and clinical guidelines.

Introduction: Clinical decision support (CDS) systems (CDSSs) that integrate clinical guidelines need to reflect real-world co-morbidity. In patient-specific clinical contexts, transparent recommendations that allow for contraindications and other conflicts arising from co-morbidity are a requirement. In this work, we develop and evaluate a non-proprietary, standards-based approach to the deployment of computable guidelines with explainable argumentation, integrated with a commercial electronic health record (EHR) system in Serbia, a middle-income country in West Balkans.

Extending the phenotypic spectrum assessed by the CDR plus NACC FTLD in genetic frontotemporal dementia.

Introduction: We aimed to expand the range of the frontotemporal dementia (FTD) phenotypes assessed by the Clinical Dementia Rating Dementia Staging Instrument plus National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Behavior and Language Domains (CDR plus NACC FTLD).

Methods: Neuropsychiatric and motor domains were added to the standard CDR plus NACC FTLD generating a new CDR plus NACC FTLD-NM scale. This was assessed in 522 mutation carriers and 310 mutation-negative controls from the Genetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative (GENFI).

Localised erythema nodosum leprosum-A rare entity managed with thalidomide.

Leprosy is caused by . The condition primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. There are two types of leprosy reactions, Type 1 and Type 2 or erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL).

[Body image dissatisfaction and low adherence to the Western dietary standard among schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study].

This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and to evaluate the association between body image perception and these patterns among schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 schoolchildren (both sexes, 10-17 years old) from four public schools in Salvador, Brazil. Two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were applied, and the dietary pattern was determined by Exploratory Factor Analysis after adjustment of dietary data using the Multiple Source Method.

Dietary patterns of Indian school-aged children and associations with markers of chronic disease risk.

There is an increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in India which may be related to changing dietary patterns. We aimed to assess dietary patterns in children since they have time to change unhealthy patterns before NCDs develop. Participants were 665 children, 9-12 years old, born with low birth weight and 77 similarly aged normal birth weight controls.

PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of economic development interventions in humanitarian settings in low- and middle-income countries: A mixed-method systematic review.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The review will address the following research questions: (1) What are the effects of economic development interventions on the economic outcomes of people in humanitarian settings? What factors explain any observed variations in effect such as setting, programme design features or duration? (2) What are the effects of economic development interventions on the food security, nutrition, the psychosocial and mental health, and the physical health outcomes of populations in humanitarian settings? (3) What are the success factors and barriers that affect the implementation and effectiveness of economic development interventions on populations affected by humanitarian crisis?

Cluster randomized controlled trial analysis at the cluster level: The clan command.

In this article, we introduce a new command, clan, that conducts a cluster-level analysis of cluster randomized trials. The command simplifies adjusting for individual- and cluster-level covariates and can also account for a stratified design. It can be used to analyze a continuous, binary, or rate outcome.

Multidisciplinary strategies for managing acute watery diarrhea in children with congenital anorectal malformation and colostomy: A case study.

Congenital anorectal malformation (ARM) is a diverse group of anomalies affecting the development of the anal and rectal regions, with an estimated incidence of one in every 5000 live births. The colostomy is commonly performed as part of the staged management of children with ARM to prevent complications. However, the presence of acute watery diarrhea in children with ARM and colostomy poses significant management challenges due to the altered anatomy and physiology affecting stool regulation and absorption, exacerbated by various factors including infections, dietary issues, medication side effects, and underlying gastrointestinal complications.

The long-term safety of topical corticosteroids in atopic dermatitis: A systematic review.

Background: Topical corticosteroids (TCS) are a first-line treatment for eczema, but there are concerns about their safety when used long-term.

Objectives: To systematically review adverse effects associated with longer-term use of TCS for eczema.

Methods: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort and case-control studies reporting adverse effects of TCS (comparators: no TCS treatment, other topicals) in patients with eczema were identified.