Traditional plant use during lactation and postpartum recovery: Infant development and maternal health roles.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Evidence of phytochemical roles in infant development and maternal recovery offers insights into beneficial functions of traditional plant use during lactation and the postpartum period. Ethnopharmacological research has relevance to global priorities on maternal and child health, to understanding origins and determinants of human self-medication, and for reconciling traditional postpartum practices and mainstream healthcare.

Aim Of The Study: Present emerging evidence, within evolutionary and socio-cultural contexts, on the role of maternal consumption on transfer of phytochemicals into breast milk with impacts on maternal and child health, and on infant development.

An update on methods and approaches for interrogating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

The chief ROS formed by mitochondria are superoxide (O) and hydrogen peroxide (HO). Superoxide is converted rapidly to HO and therefore the latter is the chief ROS emitted by mitochondria into the cell. Once considered an unavoidable by-product of aerobic respiration, HO is now regarded as a central mitokine used in mitochondrial redox signaling.

Milk, Yogurt, and Cheese Intake Is Positively Associated With Cognitive Executive Functions in Older Adults of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Background: Dairy products provide essential nutrients such as calcium and vitamins B12 and D, and include bioactive peptides and fermented products, which may be beneficial for cognition, especially in older adults. Yet, few studies of large contemporary cohorts have investigated this relationship using sensitive domain-specific cognitive tests.

Method: In community-dwelling older adults of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2011-2015), we examined cross-sectional associations between total and specific dairy product intake and performance in 3 cognitive domains (executive functions, memory, and psychomotor speed).

Knowledge of Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Peruvian Dietitians about Vegetarianism at Different Stages of Life.

Background: The vegetarian diet continues to gain recognition and popularity among people; however, few studies have considered the level of knowledge of professional dietitians about this dietary pattern.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the level of knowledge of vegetarian and nonvegetarian Peruvian dietitians regarding vegetarianism at different life stages.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out.

A gastrointestinal nematode in pregnant and lactating mice alters maternal and neonatal microbiomes.

The maternal microbiome is understood to be the principal source of the neonatal microbiome but the consequences of intestinal nematodes on pregnant and lactating mothers and implications for the neonatal microbiome are unknown. Using pregnant CD1 mice infected with Heligmosomoides bakeri, we investigated the microbiomes in maternal tissues (intestine, vagina, and milk) and in the neonatal stomach using MiSeq sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Our first hypothesis was that maternal nematode infection altered the maternal intestinal, vaginal, and milk microbiomes and associated metabolic pathways.

The glutathionylation agent disulfiram augments superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production when liver mitochondria are oxidizing ubiquinone pool-linked and branched chain amino acid substrates.

Our group has previously observed that protein S-glutathionylation serves as an integral feedback inhibitor for the production of superoxide (O)/hydrogen peroxide (HO) by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and complex I in muscle and liver mitochondria, respectively. In the present study, we hypothesized that glutathionylation would fulfill a similar role for the O/HO sources sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), and branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH). Surprisingly, we found that inducing glutathionylation with disulfiram increased the production of O/HO by mitochondria oxidizing glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), proline (Pro), or α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid (KMV).

A View of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Through the Calreticulin Lens.

Calreticulin is well known as an ER-resident protein that serves as the major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca binding protein. This protein has been the major topic of discussion in an international workshop that has been meeting for a quarter of a century. In sharing information about this protein, the field also witnessed remarkable insights into the importance of the ER as an organelle and the role of ER Ca in coordinating ER and cellular functions.

Elite Male Volleyball Players Are at Risk of Insufficient Energy and Carbohydrate Intake.

Elite volleyball athletes experience significant physical and psychological demands during the competitive season. The aim was to compare the dietary intake of male volleyball athletes with recommendations for sport and health, and to examine the association of physique traits and knee health on eating behaviours and of eating behaviours on reported dietary intake. Using a retrospective cross-sectional design, 22 male athletes from a national indoor volleyball program underwent anthropometric, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and resting metabolic rate testing, 4-day dietary intake and hematological analysis, and also completed the three-factor eating questionnaire-R18 for eating behaviours and the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-patellar tendon (VISA-P) questionnaire for knee health.

Human Milk Microbiota in an Indigenous Population Is Associated with Maternal Factors, Stage of Lactation, and Breastfeeding Practices.

Background: Human milk contains a diverse community of bacteria that are modified by maternal factors, but whether these or other factors are similar in developing countries has not been explored. Our objective was to determine whether the milk microbiota was modified by maternal age, BMI, parity, lactation stage, subclinical mastitis (SCM), and breastfeeding practices in the first 6 mo of lactation in an indigenous population from Guatemala.

Methods: For this cross-sectional study, -Mayan indigenous mothers nursing infants aged <6 mo were recruited.

INTERGROWTH-21 Identifies High Prevalence of Low Symphysis-Fundal Height in Indigenous Pregnant Women Experiencing Multiple Infections, Nutrient Deficiencies, and Inflammation: The Maternal Infections, Nutrient Deficiencies, and Inflammation (MINDI) Cohort.

Background: In the absence of ultrasound, symphysis-fundal height (SFH) can assess maternal-fetal well-being as it is associated with gestational age, fetal weight, and amniotic fluid volume. However, other modifiers of SFH, including maternal infections, nutrient deficiencies, and inflammation (MINDI), have not been widely explored.

Objectives: Our objectives were 2-fold: ) to assess prevalence of low SFH in indigenous Panamanian women using both Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) and INTERGROWTH-21 standards and ) to explore associations of SFH with maternal health indicators: infections (oral, skin, urogenital, nematode infections), nutrient deficiencies [protein and iron indicators (ferritin, serum iron, serum transferrin receptor, hepcidin), folate, and vitamins A, D, and B-12], and inflammation [leukocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines].

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid/TGR5 signaling promotes survival and early development of glucose-stressed porcine embryos†.

Conditions of impaired energy and nutrient homeostasis, such as diabetes and obesity, are associated with infertility. Hyperglycemia increases endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as oxidative stress and reduces embryo development and quality. Oxidative stress also causes deoxyribonucleic acid damage, which impairs embryo quality and development.

Efficacy of Calcium-Containing Eggshell Powder Supplementation on Urinary Fluoride and Fluorosis Symptoms in Women in the Ethiopian Rift Valley.

Dietary calcium binds Fluoride (F), thus preventing excess F absorption. We aimed to assess the efficacy of supplementing calcium-containing Eggshell Powder (ESP) on F absorption using urine F excretion and on fluorosis symptoms. In total, 82 women (41 Intervention Group, IG; 41 Control Group, CG) were recruited; overall, 39 in each group completed the trial.

Multiscale Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: CLSA Analysis of Genetic and Psychosocial Factors.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a complex disease resulting from multiscale risk factors including genetics, age, and psychosocial factors (PSFs) such as depression and social isolation. However, previous research has lacked in operationalizing multiscale risk factors to determine individual and interactive associations over the life course. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate individual and interactive associations of multiscale risk factors for CVD outcomes including genetics and PSFs at middle and older-aged stages of the life course.

Malnourished lung cancer patients have poor baseline functional capacity but show greatest improvements with multimodal prehabilitation.

Objective: The objective is to characterize the presence of malnutrition, examine the association between malnutrition and baseline functional capacity (FC), and the extent to which patients benefit from preoperative multimodal prehabilitation in patients undergoing lung resection for cancer.

Methods: Data from 162 participants enrolled in multimodal prehabilitation or control before lung cancer surgery were analyzed. Malnutrition was measured using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) according to triage levels: low-nutrition-risk (PG-SGA 0-3), moderate-nutrition-risk (4-8) and high-nutrition-risk (≥9).

Effects of preoperative nutrition and multimodal prehabilitation on functional capacity and postoperative complications in surgical lung cancer patients: a systematic review.

Objective: To determine the effect of preoperative nutrition and multimodal prehabilitation on clinical and functional outcomes in surgical lung cancer patients.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and CENTRAL, EMBASE, Scopus, and clinical trial registries ( clinicaltrials.gov , International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and Google Scholar) to identify studies involving a preoperative nutrition-based intervention or multimodal prehabilitation (nutrition with exercise) of at least 7 days, in lung cancer patients awaiting surgery.

Food insecurity, state fragility and youth mental health: A global perspective.

Youth in fragile settings face disproportionate risks of experiencing food insecurity and poor mental health. Cross-national evidence is lacking on the association between food insecurity and mental health in youth populations, and on state fragility as a social determinant of these experiences. We analysed data from six cycles of the Gallup World Poll (2014-2019), an annual survey that contains multi-item scales of food insecurity, mental health problems and positive wellbeing.

Maternal postpartum deworming and infant milk intake: Secondary outcomes from a trial.

The World Health Organization recommends deworming to reduce soil-transmitted helminth (STH)-attributable morbidity in women of reproductive age, including pregnant and lactating women, to reduce blood loss, iron deficiency anaemia and nutrient malabsorption. This study assessed the impact of maternal postpartum deworming with albendazole approximately 1 day after delivery on infant milk intake among a subset of 216 randomly selected mother-infant pairs recruited into a large trial in Peru. Infant milk intake was measured using the deuterium-oxide method at 1- and 6-month postpartum.

Intranasal administration of 40 and 80 units of insulin does not cause hypoglycemia during cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Intranasal insulin administration may improve cognitive function in patients with dementia and may prevent cognitive problems after surgery. Although the metabolic effects of intranasal insulin in non-surgical patients have been studied, its influence on glucose concentration during surgery is unknown.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-contolled trial in patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery.

Influence of different dietary oil consumption on nutrient malabsorption: An animal trial using Sprague Dawley rats.

In the present study, the influences of five typical dietary oils (i.e., palm oil, PO; leaf lard oil, LO; rapeseed oil, RO; sunflower oil, SO; and linseed oil, LN) consumption on the nutrients malabsorption were studied using adult male Sprague Dawley rats.

Distinct Changes Occur in the Human Breast Milk Microbiome Between Early and Established Lactation in Breastfeeding Guatemalan Mothers.

Human breast milk contains a diverse community of bacteria, but as breast milk microbiome studies have largely focused on mothers from high income countries where few women breastfeed to 6 months, the temporal changes in the breast milk microbiome that occur during later lactation stages have not been explored. For this cross-sectional study, microbiota from breast milk samples of -Mayan mothers living in eight remote rural communities in the Western Highlands of Guatemala were analyzed. All mothers delivered vaginally and breastfed their infants for 6 months.

Common variants in the CD36 gene are associated with dietary fat intake, high-fat food consumption and serum triglycerides in a cohort of Quebec adults.

Background: The CD36 gene is a candidate for sensory detection of fatty acids and has been associated with individual differences in fat preferences and consumption. Excess adiposity may compromise sensory detection, but few studies have examined whether associations between CD36 variants and fat consumption differ between underweight/normal weight (UW/NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) individuals.

Methods: Diet (assessed by food frequency questionnaire), genetic (nine variants), body mass index (BMI), lifestyle and biomarker data were obtained from the CARTaGENE biobank (n = 12,065), a Quebec cohort of middle-aged adults.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Early Life on Children's Growth and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or infancy is associated with adverse growth in children. No systematic review has been conducted to summarize available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on growth and body composition in children.

Objective: We aim to summarize the available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on child growth and body composition.