219 results match your criteria: "School of Historical[Affiliation]"

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine whether extended use of a variety of screen-based devices, in addition to television, was associated with poor dietary habits and other health-related characteristics and behaviors among US adults. The recent phenomenon of binge-watching was also explored.

Methods: A survey to assess screen time across multiple devices, dietary habits, sleep duration and quality, perceived stress, self-rated health, physical activity, and body mass index, was administered to a sample of US adults using the Qualtrics platform and distributed via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Rethinking emotion as a natural kind: Correctives from Spinoza and hierarchical homology.

Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci

December 2020

School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4067, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address:

It is commonly claimed that the folk category of emotion does not constitute a natural kind, due to the significant compositional differences between its members, especially basic and complex emotions. Arguably, however, this conclusion stems from the dualistic philosophical anthropology underlying the discussion, which presupposes a metaphysical "split" between mind and body. This is the case irrespective of whether a traditional or biological (homology-based) approach to natural kinds is adopted.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

On the limits of experimental knowledge.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

August 2020

Department of Philosophy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

To demarcate the limits of experimental knowledge, we probe the limits of what might be called an experiment. By appeal to examples of scientific practice from astrophysics and analogue gravity, we demonstrate that the reliability of knowledge regarding certain phenomena gained from an experiment is not circumscribed by the manipulability or accessibility of the target phenomena. Rather, the limits of experimental knowledge are set by the extent to which strategies for what we call 'inductive triangulation' are available: that is, the validation of the mode of inductive reasoning involved in the source-target inference via appeal to one or more distinct and independent modes of inductive reasoning.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Medical assistance in dying for the psychiatrically ill reply to Buturovic.

J Med Ethics

July 2020

School of Historical, Philosophical, and International Studies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Recent large-scale projects in other disciplines have shown that results often fail to replicate when studies are repeated. The conditions contributing to this problem are also present in ecology, but there have not been any equivalent replication projects. Here, we survey ecologists' understanding of and opinions about replication studies.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Why people seek help is a question shared by both health psychologists and scholars of spiritual healing. This overlap, however, has gone unexplored. This article shows convergence between health help-seeking behaviours in spiritual healing and secular professional health services.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In this paper, we tell the story of efforts currently underway, on diverse fronts, to build digital knowledge repositories ('knowledge-bases') to support research in the life sciences. If successful, knowledge bases will be part of a new knowledge infrastructure-capable of facilitating ever-more comprehensive, computational models of biological systems. Such an infrastructure would, however, represent a sea-change in the technological management and manipulation of complex data, inducing a generational shift in how questions are asked and answered and results published and circulated.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Periodic local vibrational modes were calculated with the rev-vdW-DF2 density functional to quantify the intrinsic strength of the X-I⋯OA-type halogen bonding (X = I or Cl; OA: carbonyl, ether and -oxide groups) in 32 model systems originating from 20 molecular crystals. We found that the halogen bonding between the donor dihalogen X-I and the wide collection of acceptor molecules OA features considerable variations of the local stretching force constants (0.1-0.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Limits of trust in medical AI.

J Med Ethics

July 2020

School of Historical, Philosophical, and International Studies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3194, Australia

Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to revolutionise the practice of medicine. Recent advancements in the field of deep learning have demonstrated success in variety of clinical tasks: detecting diabetic retinopathy from images, predicting hospital readmissions, aiding in the discovery of new drugs, etc. AI's progress in medicine, however, has led to concerns regarding the potential effects of this technology on relationships of trust in clinical practice.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A challenge in end-of-life care is requests by patients or their substitute decision-makers for treatment that doctors consider is "futile" or "non-beneficial". Concerns that these concepts are uncertain and subjective have led to calls for medical policies to clarify terminology and to provide procedural solutions to prevent and address disputes. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of how Australian medical guidelines and policies on withholding or withdrawing potentially life-sustaining treatment address futility.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Delirium Management: Anything's Possible.

Can J Aging

March 2020

School of Historical and Philosophical Enquiry, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Le délirium est un problème de santé majeur aux conséquences potentiellement graves. Malheureusement, la prise en charge de ce trouble est souvent sous-optimale. Nous considérons que les lacunes dans les soins offerts aux patients avec délirium sont liées aux particularités de cette condition, qui affecte la perception du « soi » de la personne qui en souffre.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Challenging abortion stigma: framing abortion in Ireland and Poland.

Sex Reprod Health Matters

November 2019

Researcher, The School of Historical and Contemporary Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden.

Abortion stigma, while observable as a global phenomenon, is constructed locally through various pathways and institutions, and at the intersection of transnational and local discourses. Stigmatisation of abortion has been challenged in varied ways by pro-choice adherents. This article investigates strategies for identifying and opposing stigmatisation of abortion in Ireland and Poland, focusing on campaigns aimed in one context, at repealing a near total prohibition of abortion, and in another, on resisting further restrictions concerning reproductive rights.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The National Science Foundation and philosophy of science's withdrawal from social concerns.

Stud Hist Philos Sci

December 2019

The University of Queensland, School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, St. Lucia, 4072, Australia. Electronic address:

At some point during the 1950s, mainstream American philosophy of science began increasingly to avoid questions about the role of non-cognitive values in science and, accordingly, increasingly to avoid active engagement with social, political and moral concerns. Such questions and engagement eventually ceased to be part of the mainstream. Here we show that the eventual dominance of 'value-free' philosophy of science can be attributed, at least in part, to the policies of the U.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Deposition of light-absorbing particles on glacier surfaces poses a series of adverse impacts on the cryospheric environment, climate and human health. Broad attention of the scientific community has been paid on insoluble light-absorbing impurities (ILAIs) in snow and ice on glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, systematic investigation of ILAIs in snowpack of glaciers on the TP is scarce.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The ethics of the Global Kidney Exchange programme.

Lancet

November 2019

University Center for Human Values, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

The Global Kidney Exchange (GKE) programme seeks to facilitate kidney transplants by matching donor-recipient pairs across high-income, medium-income, and low-income countries. The GKE programme pays the medical expenses of people in medium-income and low-income countries, thus enabling them to receive a kidney transplantation they otherwise could not afford. In doing so, the programme increases the global donor pool, and so benefits people in high-income countries by improving their chances of finding a donor match.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Reliability of a new measure to assess modern screen time in adults.

BMC Public Health

October 2019

Radical Simplicity Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.

Background: Screen time among adults represents a continuing and growing problem in relation to health behaviors and health outcomes. However, no instrument currently exists in the literature that quantifies the use of modern screen-based devices. The primary purpose of this study was to develop and assess the reliability of a new screen time questionnaire, an instrument designed to quantify use of multiple popular screen-based devices among the US population.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Social participation is crucial for integrating refugees and asylum seekers into host societies and positively impacts their mental health.
  • A scoping review analyzed 64 studies and found that various dimensions of social participation, such as regulatory frameworks and community groups, are linked to better psychosocial well-being.
  • The findings emphasize the importance of policies that support social participation to enhance resilience and mitigate mental health issues in these populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Thirty-six percent of females are employed in Bangladesh, many in the readymade garments manufacturing industry. Inadequate access to health information, care, and long working hours makes exclusive breastfeeding particularly challenging for these employed mothers.

Research Aim: To describe the influence of a breastfeeding education and support program on breastfeeding patterns of mothers working in garment and other factories in Bangladesh.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Mapping knowledge domains of non-biomedical modalities: A large-scale co-word analysis of literature 1987-2017.

Soc Sci Med

July 2019

School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. Electronic address:

This paper presents a systematic mapping of the disparate literature on non-biomedical therapeutic modalities using co-word analysis. Non-biomedical modalities are defined in this paper as therapeutic modalities that exist in separation, but not isolation from, biomedicine. Bibliometric visualisation based on co-word analysis, a method sensitive to the configuration of socio-cognitive networks of knowledge, is employed to create a semantic topography of thirty years' literature from across different disciplines.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Who is the patient? Tensions between advance care planning and shared decision-making.

J Eval Clin Pract

December 2019

School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Shared decision-making takes many forms, involving different kinds of agents who share the requirement that they must have sufficient decision-making capacity for the decision in question. Advance care planning (ACP) is commonly viewed as a form of shared decision-making between carers and patients who anticipate losing decision-making capacity. What is unclear in this situation is the identity status of an individual who has become mentally incapacitated and how to evaluate their rights and interests.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A counterfactual explanation for the action effect in causal judgment.

Cognition

September 2019

Program in Cognitive Science and Department of Philosophy, Yale University, United States. Electronic address:

People's causal judgments are susceptible to the action effect, whereby they judge actions to be more causal than inactions. We offer a new explanation for this effect, the counterfactual explanation: people judge actions to be more causal than inactions because they are more inclined to consider the counterfactual alternatives to actions than to consider counterfactual alternatives to inactions. Experiment 1a conceptually replicates the original action effect for causal judgments.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

People interpret verbal expressions of probabilities (e.g. 'very likely') in different ways, yet words are commonly preferred to numbers when communicating uncertainty.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The local vibrational mode analysis developed by Konkoli and Cremer has been successfully applied to characterize the intrinsic bond strength via local bond stretching force constants in molecular systems. A wealth of new insights into covalent bonding and weak chemical interactions ranging from hydrogen, halogen, pnicogen, and chalcogen to tetrel bonding has been obtained. In this work we extend the local vibrational mode analysis to periodic systems, i.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF