Effects of High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up on High-Intensity Exercise Performance and Muscle Oxygenation.

Purpose: An inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) improves inspiratory muscle function, but the effects of high-intensity exercise are inconsistent. We aimed to determine the effects of high-intensity IMW on high-intensity exercise performance and muscle oxygenation.

Methods: Ten healthy men (maximal oxygen uptake [V˙O2max] 52.

Association between physical fitness tests and neuromuscular properties.

Purpose: While various fitness tests have been developed to assess physical performances, it is unclear how these tests are affected by differences, such as, in morphological and neural factors. This study was aimed to investigate associations between individual differences in physical fitness tests and neuromuscular properties.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-three young adults participated in various general physical fitness tests and neuromuscular measurements.

Alterations in neuromuscular junction morphology with ageing and endurance training modulate neuromuscular transmission and myofibre composition.

Both ageing and exercise training affect the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) structure. Morphological alterations in the NMJ have been considered to influence neuromuscular transmission and myofibre properties, but the direct link between the morphology and function has yet to be established. We measured the neuromuscular transmission, myofibre composition and NMJ structure of 5-month-old (young) and 24-month-old untrained (aged control) and trained (aged trained) mice.

Effects of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in transgender men.

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in transgender men (TM) results in side effects such as elevated triglycerides and increased arterial stiffness. Exercise may be useful to ameliorate such effects, but no studies have examined the effects of acute aerobic exercise in TM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in TM.

Individuals with chronic ankle instability show altered regional activation of the peroneus longus muscle during ankle eversion.

Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) present muscular weakness and potential changes in the activation of the peroneus longus muscle, which likely explains the high recurrence of ankle sprains in this population. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of the peroneus longus activity in CAI, possibly due to the limited spatial resolution of the surface electromyography (sEMG) methods (i.e.

Impact of subtetanic neuromuscular electrical stimulation on cardiac autonomic nervous system in young individuals.

Background: Although subtetanic neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been proposed as an exercise training and/or rehabilitation tool, the impact of NMES on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is unclear. Thus, we hypothesized that NMES would alter ANS, i.e.

Effect of sprint interval training load on maximal oxygen uptake in trained men.

Background: Sprint interval training (SIT) improves maximal aerobic and anaerobic performance, including oxygen uptake (VO2max), power output, and sprint performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SIT load on V̇O2max in trained subjects.

Methods: SIT was performed twice a week for three weeks by twenty-four trained men (aged: 20.

Habitual isomaltulose intake reduces arterial stiffness associated with postprandial hyperglycemia in middle-aged and elderly people: a randomized controlled trial.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), produced by vascular endothelial cells, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of vascular tone. Isomaltulose, a naturally occurring sweetener and structural isomer of sucrose, reduces postprandial hyperglycemia, but its effect on arteriosclerosis due to hyperglycemia is unknown. The effects of 12 weeks of isomaltulose administration on ET-1 levels, a peptide that regulates arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and vascular tone, were tested before and after an oral glucose tolerance test.

Coconut Water: A Sports Drink Alternative?

Coconut water is used as an alternative to conventional sports drinks for hydration during endurance cycling; however, evidence supporting its use is limited. This study determined if drinking coconut water compared to a sports drink altered cycling performance and physiology. In a randomized crossover trial, 19 experienced male ( = 15) and female ( = 4) cyclists (age 30 ± 9 years, body mass 79 ± 11 kg, V̇O 55 ± 8 mL·kg·min) completed two experimental trials, consuming either a commercially available sports drink or iso-calorific coconut water during 90 min of sub-maximal cycling at 70% of their peak power output, followed by a simulated, variable gradient, 20 km time trial.

Effects of Low-Intensity Torque-Matched Isometric Training at Long and Short Muscle Lengths of the Hamstrings on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Nakao, S, Ikezoe, T, Taniguchi, M, Motomura, Y, Hirono, T, Nojiri, S, Hayashi, R, Tanaka, H, and Ichihashi, N. Effects of low-intensity torque-matched isometric training at long and short muscle lengths of the hamstrings on muscle strength and hypertrophy: A randomized controlled study. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 1978-1984, 2023-This study investigated the effects of low-intensity torque-matched isometric training on muscle hypertrophy and strengthening at long (LL) and short muscle lengths (SL).

Effects of the menstrual cycle on EPOC and fat oxidation after low-volume high-intensity interval training.

Background: Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for weight loss has become prevalent in recent years, with increased excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) as the mechanism. However, the influence of the menstrual cycle on EPOC and fat oxidation following low-volume HIIT is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on the increase in EPOC and fat oxidation after low-volume HIIT.

Cross-sectional study on public health knowledge among first-year university students in Japan: Implications for educators and educational institutions.

In recent years, there have been increasing knowledge gaps and biases in public health information. This has become especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic and has contributed to the spread of misinformation. With constant exposure to disinformation and misinformation through television, the internet, and social media, even university students studying healthcare-related subjects lack accurate public health knowledge.

Muscle Fiber Conduction Velocity During Electrically Stimulated Contraction at Various Joint Angles, During Joint Movements, and During Voluntary Contractions.

Muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) can be affected by muscle fiber geometry at different joint angles and during joint movements. This study aimed to investigate MFCV during electrically evoked contraction at different joint angles, during joint movements, and during voluntary contractions. Sixteen healthy young men participated.

Dietary apple polyphenols enhance mitochondrial turnover and respiratory chain enzymes.

Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of apple polyphenol (AP) intake on muscle endurance. Since mitochondria are critical for muscle endurance, we investigated mitochondrial enzyme activity, biogenesis, degradation and protein quality control. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly fed a 5% AP diet (5% AP group, n = 8), a 0.

Effects of 7-day polyphenol powder supplementation on cycling performance and lung function in an ozone-polluted environment.

Purpose: Polluted environments can adversely affect lung function and exercise performance. Evidence suggests that some nutrient supplements may offset pollution's detrimental effects. This study examined the effect of polyphenol supplementation on lung function and exercise performance in an ozone-polluted environment.

Sitting vs. supine ultrasound measurements of the vastus medialis: correlations with MRI measurements and age considerations.

Background: Muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI) measurements are ultrasound alternatives to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating muscle quantity and quality. The vastus medialis (VM) is a clinically important muscle, and assessment methods that most accurately reflect its quantity and quality are required. This study aimed to examine the correlation between MT and EI measured in the supine and sitting postures with corresponding MRI-measured muscle quantity and quality indices.

Is Stryd critical power a meaningful parameter for runners?

Stryd is a foot pod that reliably estimates running power. Our objectives were to examine the efficacy of the website-generated Stryd critical power (CP) as a meaningful parameter for runners. 20 runners performed their regular training while wearing Stryd for a minimum of 6 weeks to generate CP.

Effects of high-intensity inspiratory muscle warm-up on inspiratory muscle strength and accessory inspiratory muscle activity.

This study aimed to determine the effects of work-matched moderate-intensity and high-intensity inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) on inspiratory muscle strength and accessory inspiratory muscle activity. Eleven healthy men performed three IMWs at different intensities, namely, placebo, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity, set, respectively, at 15 %, 40 %, and 80 % of maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP). MIP was measured before and after IMW.

Practice to pitch: The relationship between force-velocity profiles and match-day performance of semi-professional rugby union players.

Introduction: This exploratory study aimed to assess the relationship between athlete neuromuscular performance and rugby performance indicators. Specifically, the study looked at the force-velocity profiles (FVPs) derived from four common resistance exercises and their relationship with rugby performance indicators (RPIs).

Methods: The study recruited twenty-two semi-professional male rugby players (body mass 102.

A higher intramuscular fat in vastus medialis is associated with functional disabilities and symptoms in early stage of knee osteoarthritis: a case-control study.

Background: The characteristics of muscle degeneration in individual quadriceps in early knee osteoarthritis (OA) and the association of muscle quantity and quality on knee dysfunction remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of muscle degeneration in individual quadriceps muscles in early knee OA and elucidate the association of muscle volume and intramuscular adipose tissue (intraMAT) with knee dysfunction, including functional disabilities, symptoms, and joint morphology.

Methods: Fifty participants were categorized into early knee OA and healthy control groups.

The dynamic control ratio and its equilibrium point: A preliminary study of isokinetic fatiguing internal-external rotational effort of the shoulder joint in healthy subjects.

The shoulder joint-related dynamic control ratio (DCR) is derived by dividing the peak eccentric moment of the external rotators (ER) by the peak concentric moment of the internal rotators (IR). However, given the inherent limitation associated with a single value DCR, an alternative approach is to calculate it at fixed angular intervals. This preliminary study aimed at exploring the variation in the DCR at a resolution of 1° and under fatiguing external and internal rotation exertions.