Bisphosphonates do not alter the rate of secondary mineralization.

Bisphosphonates function to reduce bone turnover, which consequently increases the mean degree of tissue mineralization at an organ level. However, it is not clear if bisphosphonates alter the length of time required for an individual bone-modeling unit (BMU) to fully mineralize. We have recently demonstrated that it takes ~350 days (d) for normal, untreated cortical bone to fully mineralize.

Normal kinematics of the upper cervical spine during the Flexion-Rotation Test - In vivo measurements using magnetic resonance imaging.

The Flexion-Rotation Test (FRT) is proposed to assess mobility primarily at C1-C2. However, there is no in vivo measurement investigating the validity of the FRT. The purpose of this study was 1) to examine measurement reliability of segmental upper cervical movements using magnetic resonance imaging and 2) to investigate the content validity of the FRT.

A radiographic analysis of the influence of initial neck posture on cervical segmental movement at end-range extension in asymptomatic subjects.

In the management of neck pain disorders, McKenzie recommends performing neck extension exercises from a fully neck retracted position in order to achieve a maximum range of lower cervical extension. However, no study has investigated the impact of pre-positioning the neck prior to the extension exercise. This study compared end-range sagittal cervical segmental rotation and translation from three starting positions: the neck in neutral (Ex), retraction (Ret-Ex) and protraction (Pro-Ex).

Dysarthria in Friedreich's ataxia: a perceptual analysis.

The aims of this study were to: (1) evaluate the perceptual speech dimensions, speech intelligibility and dysarthria severity of a group of individuals diagnosed with Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA); (2) determine the presence of subgroups within FRDA dysarthria; (3) investigate the relationship between the speech outcome and the clinical factors of disease progression. The study included 38 individuals (21 female, 17 male) with a confirmed diagnosis of FRDA. A group of 20 non-neurologically impaired individuals served as controls.

Total kinetic energy production of body segments is different between racing and training paces in elite Olympic rowers.

Total kinetic energy (TKE) was calculated for 28 Canadian national team Olympic rowers during training on water, comparing low-stroke rates (18-22 stroke/min) and high-stroke rates (32-40 stroke/min), using video analysis. Stroke duration was normalized to 100%, beginning and ending at the "catches", with the drive phase occurring first and recovery second. Two discrete points were identified during the stroke, both occurring when the fingers had the same horizontal position as the ankles (i.

Participation in work: a source of wellness for people with psychiatric disability.

Background: Not enough is known about the relationship between work and health, particularly for people with psychiatric disability. A review of research investigating variables that predict success at work showed inconsistent and contradicting results. The voice of people with psychiatric disability was found to be largely missing from literature.

Responsiveness of the activities of daily living scale of the knee outcome survey and numeric pain rating scale in patients with patellofemoral pain.

Objective: To assess internal and external responsiveness of the Activity of Daily Living Scale of the Knee Outcome Survey and Numeric Pain Rating Scale on patients with patellofemoral pain.

Design: One group pre-post design.

Subjects: A total of 60 individuals with patellofemoral pain (33 women; mean age 29.

Activity of deep abdominal muscles increases during submaximal flexion and extension efforts but antagonist co-contraction remains unchanged.

Lumbo-pelvic stability relies, amongst other factors, on co-contraction of the lumbo-pelvic muscles. However, during submaximal trunk flexion and extension efforts, co-contraction of antagonist muscles is limited. It was predicted that activity of the deeper lumbo-pelvic muscles that are often excluded from analysis (transversus abdominis (TrA) and the deep fascicles of multifidus (DM)), would increase with load in each direction.

Physical therapy for central vestibular dysfunction.

Objective: To determine if vestibular physical therapy (PT) leads to improved functional outcomes in people with central vestibular dysfunction.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Outpatient PT clinic.

The effect of weight-bearing exercise with low frequency, whole body vibration on lumbosacral proprioception: a pilot study on normal subjects.

Patients with low back pain (LBP) often present with impaired proprioception of the lumbopelvic region. For this reason, proprioception training usually forms part of the rehabilitation protocols. New exercise equipment that produces whole body, low frequency vibration (WBV) has been developed to improve muscle function, and reportedly improves proprioception.

Lumbo-pelvic joint protection against antigravity forces: motor control and segmental stiffness assessed with magnetic resonance imaging.

The antigravity muscles of the lumbo-pelvic region, especially transversus abdominis (TrA), are important for the protection and support of the weightbearing joints. Measures of TrA function (the response to the postural cue of drawing in the abdominal wall) have been developed and quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cross-sections through the trunk allowed muscle contraction as well as the large fascial attachments of the TrA to be visualized.

The health of the human skeletal system for weight bearing against gravity: The role of deloading the musculo-skeletal system in the development of musculoskeletal injury.

Musculo-skeletal disease is a major health problem which continues to increase in developed countries. A mechanism related hypothesis is presented to explain why most musculo-skeletal injury has an insidious onset and is not linked to a single traumatic event. The hypothesis predicts a close link between a dysfunction in the antigravity muscle system, which protects joints from injury, and the development of musculoskeletal disease patterns.

Description of stable pain in rheumatoid arthritis: a 6 year study.

Objective: To study pain quality and variability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Pain, disease activity, and functional status were assessed 3 times over 6 years in an initial cohort of 120 clinic patients with chronic pain from RA. A pain visual analog scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) were used to record pain intensity and quality.

Diagnosis and nonoperative management of cervical radiculopathy.

Study Design: Qualitative, comprehensive literature review.

Objective: To discuss and summarize the current peer-reviewed literature related to the management of patients with cervical radiculopathy.

Background: Cervical radiculopathy is a lesion of the cervical spinal nerve root with a reported prevalence of 3.

Management of acute calcific tendinitis of the shoulder.

Calcific deposits located within the tendons of the rotator cuff are frequently seen in patients presenting with shoulder pain. The pathogenesis of calcific tendinitis and the optimum management of patients presenting with acute symptoms are unclear. This paper reviews the incidence, proposed etiologies, and a unique treatment approach of rotator cuff calcific tendinitis.