Microbial Biotransformation to Obtain New Antifungals.

Antifungal drugs belong to few chemical groups and such low diversity limits the therapeutic choices. The urgent need of innovative options has pushed researchers to search new bioactive molecules. Literature regarding the last 15 years reveals that different research groups have used different approaches to achieve such goal.

Outcome of orthodontic mini-implant loss in relation to interleukin 6 polymorphisms.

Mini-implants (MIs) are used increasingly for orthodontic anchorage and their success may require some osseointegration, which is affected by the underlying host immune-inflammatory response. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine expressed during the host response after a trauma or infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of clinical characteristics and IL6 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (which capture the information of the whole gene in terms of genetic variability) with the loss of MIs for orthodontic anchorage.

Effectiveness of fluoride sealant in the prevention of carious lesions around orthodontic brackets: an OCT evaluation.

Objective: This article aimed to evaluate in vitro the efficiency of Pro Seal fluoride sealant application in the prevention of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets.

Material And Methods: Brackets were bonded to the buccal surface of bovine incisors, and five groups were formed (n = 15) according to the exposure of teeth to oral hygiene substances and the application of enamel sealant: G1 (control), only brushing was performed with 1.450 ppm fluoride; G2 (control) brushing associated with the use of mouthwash with 225 ppm fluoride; G3, only Pro Seal sealant application was performed with 1.

Combined Periodontal, Orthodontic, and Prosthetic Treatment in an Adult Patient.

A 41-year-old man had a significant loss of bone and supporting tissues with pathologic migration of several teeth and several missing teeth. He was treated with an interdisciplinary therapeutic protocol that included nonsurgical periodontal therapy based on strict control of supragingival plaque, subgingival periodontal therapy, orthodontic and endodontic treatment, and replacement of restorations. The orthodontic therapy was performed in a severely reduced bone support and the presence of pathological tooth migration after periodontal disease control.

Moderating effects of age, gender and education on the associations of perceived neighborhood environment attributes with accelerometer-based physical activity: The IPEN adult study.

The study's purpose was to examine age, gender, and education as potential moderators of the associations of perceived neighborhood environment variables with accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Data were from 7273 adults from 16 sites (11 countries) that were part of a coordinated multi-country cross-sectional study. Age moderated the associations of perceived crime safety, and perceiving no major physical barriers to walking, with MVPA: positive associations were only found in older adults.

When the Midline Diastema Is Not Characteristic of the "Ugly Duckling" Stage.

This case report presents the interceptive orthodontic treatment of a 9-year, 5-month-old boy with class I malocclusion, a 9.0-mm maxillary midline diastema, and deviation from the midline. The treatment goals were to decrease the magnitude of the diastema and to simulate the characteristics of the "ugly duckling" stage.

A finite element analysis of the maxillary first molar PDL with maxillary protraction in a mixed dentition Class III malocclusion.

Objectives: To analyze the stress distribution on the PDL of the maxillary first molar in a mixed dentition Class III malocclusion, using a Hyrax-type appliance and maxillary protraction.

Setting And Sample Population: A Class III malocclusion in the mixed dentition was reconstructed based on CBCT images.

Material And Methods: The 3D FEM comprised the maxilla, alveolar bone, right first permanent molar teeth, and PDL and consisted of 1 133 497 nodes and 573 726 elements.

Calcium Hydroxide Dressing Influences the Obturation of Simulated Lateral Canals.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of calcium hydroxide dressing on the filling of simulated lateral canals by different obturation techniques.

Materials And Methods: Sixty single-root-premolars were instrumented. Simulated lateral canals were drilled on each third of the roots.

Effect of fluoxetine on induced tooth movement in rats.

Introduction: Fluoxetine is a widely used antidepressant. Its various effects on bone mineral density are well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoxetine on induced tooth movement.

Enamel Quality after Debonding: Evaluation by Optical Coherence Tomography.

The aims of this study were to evaluate quantitatively the enamel fractures, adhesive remnants and bracket fragments on enamel after debonding of metal and ceramic brackets, and to quantify the layer of adhesive remnants in depth after two different cleanup procedures. Metal and ceramic brackets were bonded on 120 human incisors and then debonded using two different techniques with Side Cutter (SC) and Anterior Bracket Removal plier (ABR). After this, a high-speed tungsten carbide finishing bur or a low-speed tungsten carbide finishing bur was used.

Accelerometer-based physical activity levels among Mexican adults and their relation with sociodemographic characteristics and BMI: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The objectives of this study were to describe the accelerometer based total and bout-specific PA levels for a representative sample of adults from Cuernavaca, Mexico, and to examine the relationships with sociodemographic characteristics and BMI status.

Methods: Cross sectional study of adults from Cuernavaca, Mexico (2011, n = 677). Participants wore Actigraph GT3X accelerometers for seven days and sociodemographic data was collected through a survey.

Lactotransferrin Gene Polymorphism Associated with Caries Experience.

Dental caries is a common multifactorial disease, resulting from the interaction of biofilm, cariogenic diet and host response over time. Lactotransferrin (LTF) is a main salivary glycoprotein, which modulates the host immune-inflammatory and antibacterial response. Although a genetic component for caries outcome has been identified, little is known over the genetic aspects underlying its susceptibility.

International study of perceived neighbourhood environmental attributes and Body Mass Index: IPEN Adult study in 12 countries.

Background: Ecological models of health behaviour are an important conceptual framework to address the multiple correlates of obesity. Several single-country studies previously examined the relationship between the built environment and obesity in adults, but results are very diverse. An important reason for these mixed results is the limited variability in built environments in these single-country studies.

Immunohistochemical expression of sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX1) in pediatric medulloblastomas.

Background: Medulloblastoma is a malignant, invasive embryonal tumor of the cerebellum and accounts for 20% of intracranial tumors in children. QSOX1, whose functions include formation of disulphide bridges, which are needed for correct protein folding and stability, formation of the extracellular matrix, regulation of the redox status and cell cycle control, appears to be involved in apoptosis in pathological states such as cancer. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of QSOX1 in medulloblastomas and nonneoplastic cerebellum.

Urban environment interventions linked to the promotion of physical activity: a mixed methods study applied to the urban context of Latin America.

This study summarizes the evidence from quantitative systematic reviews that assessed the association between urban environment attributes and physical activity. It also documents sociopolitical barriers and facilitators involved in urban interventions linked with active living in the ten most populated urban settings of Latin America. The synthesis of evidence indicates that several attributes of urban environments are associated with physical activity, including land-use mix and cycling infrastructure.

Bridging the gap between research and practice: an assessment of external validity of community-based physical activity programs in Bogotá, Colombia, and Recife, Brazil.

For more than a decade, physical activity classes have been offered in public places at no cost to the participants in some Latin American cities, however, internal and external validity evidence of these programs is limited. The goals of this study were to assess, report, and compare the external validity of the Recreovia program (RCP) in Colombia, and the Academia da Cidade program (ACP) in Brazil. Interviews to assess external validity of the RCP and ACP were conducted in 2012.

Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in different facilities in Southern Brazil.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K pneumoniae (KPC-KP) outbreaks have been reported in many countries, including Brazil. The incidence of KPC-KP infection has increased in the first semester of 2011 in Curitiba, the capital of Parana, in Southern Brazil.The aim of this study was to characterize the infections and clonal diversity of KPC-KP isolates from several institutions in Curitiba.

Lactotransferrin Gene (LTF) Polymorphisms and Dental Implant Loss: A Case-Control Association Study.

Background: Dental implants have been widely used to replace missing teeth, accomplishing aesthetics and function. Due to its large use worldwide, the small percentage of implant loss becomes significant in number of cases. Lactotransferrin (LTF) is a pleiotropic protein, expressed in various body tissues and fluids, which modulates the host immune-inflammatory response and bone metabolism, and might be involved in dental implant osseointegration.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pseudo-Class III Malocclusion.

Pseudo-Class III malocclusion is characterized by the presence of an anterior crossbite due to a forward functional displacement of the mandible; in most cases, the maxillary incisors present some degree of retroclination, and the mandibular incisors are proclined. Various types of appliances have been described in the literature for the early treatment of pseudo-Class III malocclusion. The objectives of this paper are to demonstrate the importance of making the differential diagnosis between a skeletal and a pseudo-Class III malocclusion and to describe the correction of an anterior crossbite.

Expression and epigenetic regulation of DACT1 and DACT2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: DACT genes regulates Wnt as well TGF-β pathway, and were already associated with hepatocellular and lung cancer. Alterations on Wnt/β-catenin were associated with head and neck cancer through β-catenin cytoplasmatic accumulation.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate DACT1 and DACT2 expression and methylation on oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC).

Are park proximity and park features related to park use and park-based physical activity among adults? Variations by multiple socio-demographic characteristics.

Background: Parks are valuable resources for physical activity (PA) given their widespread availability and low cost to maintain and use. Both proximity to parks and the availability of particular features are important correlates of PA. However, few studies have explored multiple measures of proximity simultaneously or the specific facilities associated with park use and park-based PA among adults, let alone differences across socio-demographic characteristics.

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of biphasic calcium phosphate and a mineral trioxide aggregate for bone healing in rat calvaria.

This work focused on the process of bone repair of defects in standardized calvaria of Wistar rats treated with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), or a combination of the two. Eighty Wistar rats were divided into four treatment groups and were examined at 2 and 8 weeks. A surgical defect was created in the calvaria using a 6-mm diameter trephine drill.

Overcoming the challenges of conducting physical activity and built environment research in Latin America: IPEN Latin America.

Objective: There is evidence linking the built environment (BE) with physical activity (PA), but few studies have been conducted in Latin America (LA). State-of-the-art methods and protocols have been designed in and applied in high-income countries (HIC). In this paper, we identify key challenges and potential solutions to conducting high-quality PA and BE research in LA.