Assessment for learning of paediatric cardiology trainees in 41 centres from 19 European countries.

Background: Limited data exist on how trainees in paediatric cardiology are assessed among countries affiliated with the Association of European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology.

Methods: A structured and approved questionnaire was circulated to educationalists/trainers in 95 Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology training centres.

Results: Trainers from 46 centres responded with complete data in 41 centres.

The impact of a multi-hospital network on the inequality in odds of receiving resection or ablation for synchronous colorectal liver metastases.

Background: This study investigates whether inequalities in the utilization of resection and/or ablation for synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCLM) between patients diagnosed in expert and non-expert hospitals changed since a multi-hospital network started.

Materials And Methods: Patients diagnosed with SCLM between 2009 and 2020 were included. The likelihood of receiving ablation and/or resection was analyzed in the prenetwork (2009-2012), startup (2013-2016), and matured-network (2017-2020) periods.

Opening the black box of school-wide student wellbeing programmes: a critical narrative review informed by activity theory.

Purpose: Medical schools have a duty of care to support student wellbeing but there is little guidance on how to translate this mandate into practice. Often schools focus on implementing and reporting individual-level interventions which typically only address one aspect of wellbeing. Conversely, less attention has been paid to holistic school-wide approaches towards student wellbeing that address multiple wellbeing dimensions.

Inequity is woven into the fabric: a discourse analysis of assessment in pediatric residency training.

Intrinsic inequity in assessment refers to sources of harmful discrimination inherent in the design of assessment tools and systems. This study seeks to understand intrinsic inequity in assessment systems by studying assessment policies and associated procedures in residency training, using general pediatrics as a discourse case study. Foucauldian discourse analysis (FDA) was conducted on assessment policy and procedure documents.

Validity evidence and psychometric evaluation of a socially accountable health index for health professions schools.

There is an expectation that health professions schools respond to priority societal health needs. This expectation is largely based on the underlying assumption that schools are aware of the priority needs in their communities. This paper demonstrates how open-access, pan-national health data can be used to create a reliable health index to assist schools in identifying societal needs and advance social accountability in health professions education.

Stakes of Assessments in Residency: Influence on Previous and Current Self-Regulated Learning and Co-Regulated Learning in Early Career Specialists.

Introduction: Assessments drive learning but the influence of the stakes of the assessments on self-regulated (SRL) during and after residency are unknown. As early career specialists (ECS) must continue learning independently, the answer to this is important as it may inform future assessments with the potential to promote life-long learning after graduation.

Methods: We utilized constructivist grounded theory to explore the perspectives of eighteen ECS on the influence of stakes of assessments within residency on their SRL during training and in current practice.

A consensus-based checklist for the critical appraisal of cost-of-illness (COI) studies.

Objectives: To develop a consensus-based checklist that can be used as a minimum standard to appraise the comprehensiveness, transparency and consistency of cost-of-illness (COI) studies. This is important when, for instance, reviewing and assessing COI studies as part of a systematic review or when building an economic model.

Methods: The development process of the consensus-based checklist involved six steps: (i) a scoping review, (ii) an assessment and comparison of the different checklists and their questions, (iii) the development of a (preliminary) checklist, (iv) expert interviews, (v) the finalization of the checklist, and (vi) the development of guidance statements explaining each question.

The effect of hearing loss on age-related differences in neural distinctiveness.

Age differences in cognitive performance have been shown to be overestimated if age-related hearing loss is not taken into account. Here, we investigated the role of age-related hearing loss on age differences in functional brain organization by assessing its impact on previously reported age differences in neural differentiation. To this end, we analyzed the data of 36 younger adults, 21 older adults with clinically normal hearing, and 21 older adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss who had taken part in a functional localizer task comprising visual (i.

"Figuring it out on our own": exploring family medicine residents' sexual assault and domestic violence training.

Background: Family physicians are uniquely able to provide comprehensive and longitudinal care to those experiencing sexual assault and domestic violence (SADV). To date, we know little about how Canadian family medicine (FM) residents learn about SADV. This study explored SADV teaching in residency from the perspectives of FM residents.

Expert opinion on a consensus-based checklist for the critical appraisal of cost-of-illness (COI) studies: qualitative interviews.

Objectives: This study explored experts' views on the development of a proposed checklist for cost-of-illness (COI) studies. It also investigated experts' perspectives on the use of COI studies and quality/critical appraisal tools used for COI studies as well as their experiences with the use of these tools.

Methods: Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with health economists and other experts working with COI studies and with experience of developing health economic guidelines or checklists.

Challenges, coping and support during student placement abroad: A qualitative study.

Background: During placements abroad, healthcare students are confronted with different personal and professional challenges, related to participation in practice. This study investigates when and how students respond to such challenges, and which coping and support mechanisms students use to overcome these.

Methods: Twenty-five international students shared their experiences about physiotherapy placement in The Netherlands.

Effectiveness of Flexible Bronchoscopy Simulation-Based Training: A Systematic Review.

Background: The implementation of simulation-based training (SBT) to teach flexible bronchoscopy (FB) skills to novice trainees has increased during the last decade. However, it is unknown whether SBT is effective to teach FB to novices and which instructional features contribute to training effectiveness.

Research Question: How effective is FB SBT and which instructional features contribute to training effectiveness?

Study Design And Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles on FB SBT for novice trainees, considering all available literature until November 10, 2022.

Remote, asynchronous training and feedback enables development of neurodynamic skills in physiotherapy students.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face teaching and learning of physiotherapy practical skills was limited. Asynchronous, remote training has been effective in development of clinical skills in some health professions. This study aimed to determine the effect of remote, asynchronous training and feedback on development of neurodynamic skills in physiotherapy students.

COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study with an opportunity-centric approach from an ICU perspective in a teaching hospital. Upsides worth to secure?

Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the staff in the intensive care unit (ICU) was materially, physically and emotionally challenged. This qualitative study investigated the effects that ICU staff experienced and were considered of value to be permanently implemented.

Setting: ICU in an university medical centre during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Upward Feedback: Exploring Learner Perspectives on Giving Feedback to their Teachers.

Introduction: Feedback from learners is known to be an important motivator for medical teachers, but it can be de-motivating if delivered poorly, leaving teachers frustrated and uncertain. Research has identified challenges learners face in providing upward feedback, but has not explored how challenges influence learners' goals and approaches to giving feedback. This study explored learner perspectives on providing feedback to teachers to advance understanding of how to optimize upward feedback quality.

A Changing Landscape for Lifelong Learning in Health Globally.

On 25 July 2022, the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Special Interest Group of the Association for Medical Education in Europe came together to open up discussions during a live webinar on ''. The objective was to bring together global medical educators to consider perspectives of CPD from the role of global lifelong learners, the role of educators and the role of education providers and health regulators. The landscape of CPD is evolving, and the roles of each key player must include specific actions for facilitated change.

Learning in Tension: A Case Study Examining What Internal Medicine Residents Learn in the Ambulatory Care Setting.

Introduction: Medical care of patients with complex conditions has shifted to the ambulatory setting, whereas current knowledge of resident learning is primarily based on studies from inpatient settings. Preparing trainees to adapt to this shift necessitates an understanding of what internal medicine (IM) residents currently learn during ambulatory rotations. The aim of this study is to identify what residents learn during their ambulatory care experience.

Understanding effort regulation: Comparing 'Pomodoro' breaks and self-regulated breaks.

Background: During self-study, students need to monitor and regulate mental effort to replete working memory resources and optimize learning results. Taking breaks during self-study could be an effective effort regulation strategy. However, little is known about how breaktaking relates to self-regulated learning.

Validating a clinical laboratory parameter-based deisolation algorithm for patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit using viability PCR: the CoLaIC multicentre cohort study protocol.

Introduction: To investigate whether biochemical and haematological changes due to the patient's host response (CoLab algorithm) in combination with a SARS-CoV-2 viability PCR (v-PCR) can be used to determine when a patient with COVID-19 is no longer infectious.We hypothesise that the CoLab algorithm in combination with v-PCR can be used to determine whether or not a patient with COVID-19 is infectious to facilitate the safe release of patients with COVID-19 from isolation.

Methods And Analysis: This study consists of three parts using three different cohorts of patients.

Critical design choices in healthcare simulation education: a 4C/ID perspective on design that leads to transfer.

Background: Healthcare simulation education often aims to promote transfer of learning: the application of knowledge, skills, and attitudes acquired during simulations to new situations in the workplace. Although achieving transfer is challenging, existing theories and models can provide guidance.

Recommendations: This paper provides five general recommendations to design simulations that foster transfer: (1) emphasize whole-task practice, (2) consider a cognitive task analysis, (3) embed simulations within more comprehensive programs, (4) strategically combine and align simulation formats, and (5) optimize cognitive load.

Common preventable errors in hand surgery: Analysis of NHS never events data and a proposed safety checklist.

Background: Hand surgical procedures are common interventions in elective and emergency settings. The complex nature of the injuries and management by multiple specialities could be a potential source of medical errors and never events (NEs). Awareness of the common NEs could potentially help prevent their occurrence in the future.

The Association between Academic Schedule and Physical Activity Behaviors in University Students.

Background: University students sit too much, which is detrimental to their physical and mental health. Academic schedules, including scheduled education time and self-study time, may influence their physical activity behaviors.

Objectives: To investigate (1) the association between scheduled education time and students' physical activity levels during weekdays; (2) the association between self-study time and students' physical activity levels during the weekdays and weekends.

Exploring the wider societal impacts of sexual health issues and interventions to build a framework for research and policy: a qualitative study based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts in OECD member countries.

Objectives: Sexual health is a complex public health challenge and can generate wide-ranging health, social and economic impacts both within and beyond the health sector (ie, intersectoral costs and benefits). Methods are needed to capture these intersectoral impacts in economic studies to optimally inform policy/decision-making. The objectives of this study were (1) to explore the different intersectoral costs and benefits associated with sexual health issues and interventions, (2) to categorise these into sectors and (3) to develop a preliminary framework to better understand these impacts and to guide future research and policy.