Application of the SpCas9 inhibitor BRD0539 for CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic tools in .

Although the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas system has been extensively developed since its discovery for eukaryotic and prokaryotic genome editing and other genetic manipulations, there are still areas warranting improvement, especially regarding bacteria. In this study, BRD0539, a small-molecule inhibitor of Cas9 (SpCas9), was used to suppress the activity of the nuclease during genetic modification of , as well as to regulate CRISPR interference (CRISPRi). First, we developed and validated a CRISPR-SpCas9 system targeting the gene of .

α-Cyclodextrin supplementation improves endurance exercise performance and reduces post-exercise fatigue in human males: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.

α-Cyclodextrin (αCD), a cyclic hexasaccharide composed of six glucose units, is not digested in the small intestine but is completely fermented by gut microbes. Recently, we have reported that αCD supplementation for nonathlete men improved their 10 km biking times. However, the beneficial effects of αCD on exercise are not yet fully understood.

Verification of an alteration in the gut microbiota that increases nutritional risk in patients on hemodialysis.

In end-stage kidney disease requiring hemodialysis, patients at nutritional risk have a poor prognosis. The gut microbiota is important for maintaining the nutritional status of patients. However, it remains unclear whether an altered gut microbiota correlates with increased nutritional risk in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Additive effect of mixtures of multiple strains combining the effects of single strains on human gut microbiota .

Probiotics exert their beneficial effects by improving the intestinal environment. Heat-inactivated probiotics may show similar effects. However, whether multi-strain mixtures (MSM) are better than single strains, irrespective of whether the bacteria are alive or dead, is unknown.

Impact of container type on the microbiome of airag, a Mongolian fermented mare's milk.

Airag, a fermented mare's milk in Mongolia, exhibits diverse flavors and microbiota due to distinct production processes and environments in nomadic households. Recently, there has been a shift from the traditional cow skin container, 'khokhuur', to a plastic container for airag production, potentially impacting the microbiota and quality. To address this notion, we aimed to elucidate the differences in the microbiota between airag samples from a plastic container and those from a khokhuur.

Gut microbiota involvement in the effect of water-soluble dietary fiber on fatty liver and fibrosis.

The beneficial effects of water-soluble dietary fiber on liver fat and fibrosis involve the gut microbiota; however, few epidemiological studies have investigated this association. This large-scale epidemiological study aimed to determine the effect of water-soluble dietary fiber intake on liver fat and fibrosis via gut microbiota for the general population. We divided low- and high-intake groups by median daily water-soluble dietary fiber intake and matched background factors by propensity score matching for sex and age.

Can gut microbiota explain acute diverticulitis occurrence in patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease?

Why patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) may develop acute diverticulitis (AD) is still unknown. We analyzed the gut microbiota (GM) in two SUDD patients, one who did experience SUDD recurrence but not AD occurrence (case 1) and one who did experience AD occurrence during follow-up (case 2). The GM of these patients showed differences in terms of phyla (Firmicutes and Bacteroidota in case 1; Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria in case 2) and subgenera ( and in case 1 and , , , , group, and in case 2).

Computational investigation of the global prevalence of multidrug resistant : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by () However, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of this bacterium, especially multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, is a serious concern. This study aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of MDR and its implications.

Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE, and EMBASE up to August 2023 to assess the prevalence of MDR .

The overlooked role of microbiota-gut-brain communication in child psychiatry: a call for integration in early intervention strategies.

Emerging research has highlighted the significant role of microbiota-gut-brain communication in child psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety disorders. Despite this, mainstream psychiatric interventions for children continue to focus predominantly on neurological and psychological therapies, neglecting the critical influence of gut microbiota on brain development and behavior. This commentary underscores the need for greater integration of microbiota-targeted therapies, such as dietary interventions, prebiotics, and probiotics, into early psychiatric intervention strategies.

Chronic nicotine exposure induces molecular and transcriptomic endophenotypes associated with mood and anxiety disorders in a cerebral organoid neurodevelopmental model.

Introduction: Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) from maternal smoking disrupts regulatory processes vital to fetal development. These changes result in long-term behavioral impairments, including mood and anxiety disorders, that manifest later in life. However, the relationship underlying PNE, and the underpinnings of mood and anxiety molecular and transcriptomic phenotypes remains elusive.

Medication non-adherence: reflecting on two decades since WHO adherence report and setting goals for the next twenty years.

Background: Non-adherence to medication remains a persistent and significant challenge, with profound implications for patient outcomes and the long-term sustainability of healthcare systems. Two decades ago, the World Health Organization (WHO) dedicated its seminal report to adherence to long-term therapies, catalysing notable changes that advanced both research and practice in medication adherence. The aim of this paper was to identify the most important progress made over the last 2 decades in medication adherence management and to initiate a discussion on future objectives, suggesting priority targets for the next 20 years.

A human monoclonal antibody isolated from Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine-vaccinated volunteer neutralizing various flaviviruses.

Introduction: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are prevalent in over 80 countries or territories worldwide, causing hundreds of thousands of cases annually. But currently there is a lack of specific antiviral agents and effective vaccines.

Methods: In the present study, to identify human neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against JEV or/and ZIKV, we isolated ZIKV-E protein-binding B cells from the peripheral venous blood of a healthy volunteer who had received the JEV live-attenuated vaccine and performed 10× Genomics transcriptome sequencing and BCR sequencing analysis, we then obtained the V region amino acid sequences of a novel mAb LZY3412.

Evolution of community-associated MRSA: a 20-year genomic and epidemiological study in Region Örebro County, Sweden.

Background: Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) has been an issue in healthcare since the 1960s. It was initially found only in healthcare facilities, but in the late 1990s it began to be seen with no healthcare connexion. The mechanisms of intercontinental and national spread are not fully understood, as sometimes novel outbreaks occur without any identifiable source or connexion to locally dominant clonal clusters.

Cell-free supernatant of (RAMULAB51) from coconut inflorescence sap (Neera) enhances glucose uptake and PPAR-γ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and inhibits α-glucosidase and α-amylase.

Introduction: Lactic acid bacteria are prized for their probiotic benefits and gut health improvements. This study assessed five LAB isolates from Neera, with RAMULAB51 (, GenBank ON171686.1) standing out for its high hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, antimicrobial activity, and enzyme inhibition.

Can there be calm during a cytokine storm? Immune checkpoint pathways affecting the severity of COVID-19 disease.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global health crisis, eliciting varying severity in infected individuals. This study aimed to explore the immune profiles between moderate and severe COVID-19 patients experiencing a cytokine storm and their association with mortality. This study highlights the role of PD-1/PD-L1 and the TIGIT/CD226/CD155/CD112 pathways in COVID-19 patients.

Clinical review and drug sensitivity test of complex isolates in non-lactating patients with severe mastitis.

Background: Previous microbiological investigations have demonstrated a significant correlation between complex (CKC) infection and mastitis. Recent studies have confirmed the existence of the CKC, with () identified as the primary infectious agent. Examining the incidence of CKC in cases of severe non-lactational mastitis, alongside the clinical characteristics of infected patients, as well as evaluating the drug sensitivity testing protocols for CKC, can provide a more robust foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of CKC infections.

Impact analysis of infant antibiotic exposure on the burden of asthma: a simulation modeling study.

Background: Infant antibiotic use is associated with increased risk of asthma. We examined the population impact of antibiotic exposure in the first year of life on the burden of pediatric asthma in British Columbia, Canada, using simulation modeling.

Methods: We performed a Bayesian meta-analysis of empirical studies to construct dose-response equations between antibiotic exposure in the first year of life and pediatric (<19 years of age) asthma.

Digital health interventions in adult intensive care and recovery after critical illness to promote survivorship care.

Digital health refers to the field of using and developing technology to improve health outcomes. Digital health and digital health interventions (DHIs) within the area of intensive care and critical illness survivorship are rapidly evolving. Digital health interventions refer to technologies in clinical interventional format.

Developing a coaching manual to provide human support for the Mothers and Babies Online (eMB) perinatal mental health intervention.

Background: Depression that occurs in pregnancy or postpartum (perinatal depression) impacts 1 in 5 mothers, yet access to effective and high-quality preventative interventions remains elusive for most. Digital interventions are a promising solution to this treatment gap because of the ubiquity of mobile devices and internet access. The Mothers and Babies Online Course (eMB) is an online adaptation of Mothers and Babies, an evidence-based preventative program for postpartum depression.

Promoting safer gambling through social norms and goal setting: A qualitative process analysis of participants' experiences in the EROGamb 2.0 feasibility trial.

Gambling, though a popular social activity, can lead to addiction and cause significant harm. This study aimed to explore the experiences of 36 low-to-moderate risk gamblers (PGSI score 0-7; 31 male, 5 female; 10 per each intervention arm, 6 per control group) in the 'EROGamb 2.0' feasibility trial ( = 168).

Cervical Cancer and Cervical Cancer Screening in Women with HIV in Guangxi, China: A Model Simulation Study.

Unlabelled: Cervical cancer screening can effectively reduce the disease burden. In China, the current cervical cancer screening guidelines do not provide separate screening recommendations for women living with HIV (WLWH) to account for their increased risk. We developed a comprehensive individual-based simulation model to provide evidence to support tailored cervical cancer screening programs for WLWH in Guangxi, a region with a high prevalence of HIV in China.

Dissemination of Decision Aids about Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis to Spanish-Speaking Adults through Social Media.

Background: Older adults and Hispanic individuals are increasingly turning to social media platforms to access health-related information. The purpose of this project was to evaluate a social media campaign to disseminate information from decision aids (DAs) on hip and knee osteoarthritis to Spanish-speaking adults.

Methods: A social media marketing team helped create an 8-mo campaign posted across 3 social media platforms to promote visits to a Web site offering free multilingual DAs for treatment of hip or knee osteoarthritis.

Exploring the Research Focus of RNA-Binding Proteins in Trauma and Burns.

Trauma and burns are leading causes of death and significant global health concerns. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation, influencing various biological processes of cellular RNAs. This study aims to review the emerging trends and key areas of research on RBPs in the context of trauma and burns.

Optimization of Tratt pomace fermentation process and the effects of mono- and mixed culture fermentation on its chemical composition.

Background: Tratt pomace (RRTP) contains valuable components like polyphenols and polysaccharides, which have high utilization value. Fermentation is an effective technique for creating beneficial nutrients that can improve the taste, appearance, and nutritional benefits of foods. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on the alterations in chemical composition of RRTP during fermentation.