1,278 results match your criteria: "School of Graduate Studies[Affiliation]"

Regional climatic features in endemic areas can help inform surveillance for plague, a bacterial disease typically transmitted by fleas and maintained in mammals. We use 7,954 coyotes (Canis latrans), a sentinel species for plague, screened for plague exposure by the California Department of Public Health - Vector-Borne Disease Section (CDPH-VBDS; 1983-2015) to identify and map plague-suitable local climates within California to empirically inform ongoing sampling and surveillance plans. Using spatial point processes, we compare the distributions of seropositive and seronegative coyotes within the "space" defined by the first two principal components of PRISM Climate Group 30-year average climate variables (primarily temperature and moisture).

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Maintaining a healthy work environment in nursing practice depends not only on the leader's skill but also on the nursing staff's followership. The study purpose is to develop a followership instrument for nurses. We developed a followership evaluation instrument using data from two surveys conducted in 2013 and 2014 and assessed its validity using a questionnaire with nurses in Japan.

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Background: Naturalistic stimuli, such as videos, can elicit complex brain activations. However, the intricate nature of these stimuli makes it challenging to attribute specific brain functions to the resulting activations, particularly for higher-level processes such as social interactions.

Objective: We hypothesized that activations in different layers of a convolutional neural network (VGG-16) would correspond to varying levels of brain activation, reflecting the brain's visual processing hierarchy.

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Background: Understanding the roots of vaccine confidence in vulnerable populations, such as persons living with HIV (PLWH), is important to facilitate vaccine uptake, thus mitigating infection and spread of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. In an online survey of PLWH conducted in Canada during winter 2022 (), we reported that the overall COVID-19 vaccination uptake rate in PLWH was similar by sex. Here, we examined attitudes and beliefs towards vaccination against COVID-19 based on sex.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study was conducted to investigate whether maternal vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during the first trimester of pregnancy is linked to a higher rate of major congenital anomalies in newborns.
  • The research utilized data from over 174,000 live births in Ontario, Canada, comparing infants born to vaccinated mothers with those born to unvaccinated mothers and their older siblings for better analysis.
  • Results indicated that the incidence of major congenital anomalies was slightly lower in vaccinated mothers’ infants (24.3 per 1000 live births) compared to unvaccinated mothers’ infants (26.5 per 1000 live births), suggesting no significant increased risk associated with vaccination during early pregnancy.
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The diagnostic value of MRI segmentation technique for shoulder joint injuries based on deep learning.

Sci Rep

November 2024

Department of Computer Science, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq.

This work is to investigate the diagnostic value of a deep learning-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image segmentation (IS) technique for shoulder joint injuries (SJIs) in swimmers. A novel multi-scale feature fusion network (MSFFN) is developed by optimizing and integrating the AlexNet and U-Net algorithms for the segmentation of MRI images of the shoulder joint. The model is evaluated using metrics such as the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), positive predictive value (PPV), and sensitivity (SE).

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Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among gynecological malignancies. Diagnostic imaging of lymph node (LN) metastasis for prognosis and staging is used; however, the accuracy in classifying the stage needs to improve.

Purpose: To examine the accuracy of AI-based radiomics in diagnosis, prognosis assessment and predicting the diagnostic value of radiomics for pelvic LN metastasis in cervical cancer patients.

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Differential Effector Function of Tissue-Specific Natural Killer Cells against Lung Tumors.

J Innate Immun

December 2024

Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Introduction: Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells capable of directly killing target cells while modulating immune effector responses. Despite their multifunctional capacities, a limited understanding of their plasticity and heterogeneity has impeded progress in developing effective NK cell-based cancer therapies. In this study, we investigated NK cell tissue heterogeneity in relation to their phenotype and effector functions against lung tumors.

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Cancer is one of the deadliest health menaces humans have ever witnessed. It is a leading cause of human mortality. Today, it remains a main leading cause of death globally primarily due to lifestyle changes and population ageing.

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Assessment of catchment water resources allocation under climate change in Luwombwa sub-catchment, Zambia.

Heliyon

November 2024

Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia.

The uncertainty in climate change and high water demand pose pressure on the natural water resources supply. Not only does this require better understanding but also a call for immediate interventions, mitigation and adaptive measures. This study evaluates catchment water resources in the Luwombwa sub-catchment in Zambia through statistical analysis in the downscaling of past, present and future climatic variables from the CMIP6 climatic model.

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The interdisciplinary nature of health professions education requires exploration of problems by interdisciplinary research teams. Drawing on the Dynamics of Cross-disciplinary Research Development conceptual framework, this study explores the processes and experiences of an interdisciplinary research team, identifying elements of successful collaboration. Case study data were collected from a team of nine researchers from six universities.

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  • The rodent hippocampus plays a key role in forming spatial and episodic memories, and this study explored gene expression changes in the dorsal hippocampus during the recall of active place avoidance memory.
  • Through bulk RNA sequencing, researchers identified distinct gene expression patterns in the CA1 and CA3 subregions related to synaptic functions, while the dentate gyrus showed genes linked to energy balance.
  • The use of spatial transcriptomics revealed that memory recall activates different neuronal populations, and specific genes related to memory and synaptic plasticity were enriched in trained mice, highlighting the importance of regional differences in brain function during memory retrieval.
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  • Fission yeast serves as a valuable model organism for studying how mammalian cells respond to drugs and can help identify compounds with synthetic lethality effects.
  • Researchers typically use viability assays, like acute viability tests or spot tests, to test how new compounds impact yeast cell proliferation.
  • The text introduces the IC50 dose method for quickly assessing the proliferation effects of drugs on fission yeast in 96-well plates, which can be useful for compound library assessments and drug effect screenings.
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Investigating Fission Yeast Mutagenesis Using Canavanine Sensitivity Assays.

Methods Mol Biol

November 2024

Molecular Science Program, Yeates School of Graduate Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, USA.

Fission yeast are genetically tractable and amenable to mutagenesis studies. Canavanine is a toxic antimetabolite that can be used to test mutation rate. Recent studies have shown that the molecular genetics of canavanine sensitivity are more complex than previously anticipated.

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  • Regular moderate-vigorous exercise is essential for improving health and longevity, but barriers exist that can be tackled using virtual reality (VR) to boost exercise intensity, with a focus on competition and visual feedback.
  • In a study involving young adults, three VR biking conditions (visual feedback, self-competition, and competition with others) were tested to assess exercise intensity, visual attention, and user experience.
  • Results indicated that participants exercised more intensely and felt more motivated in competitive settings, preferring competition over visual feedback, and achieved vigorous exercise levels primarily during self-competition.
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  • - The study investigates disparities in COVID-19 vaccine doses administered across African countries, analyzing data on doses secured and distributed to understand the factors influencing vaccination rates.
  • - Using linear regression, the research examines various macroeconomic and social indicators, such as GDP per capita and indices related to health and political stability, to identify their impact on vaccine deployment.
  • - The findings highlight the unique challenges each African country faces regarding vaccination, underscoring the need for tailored efforts and informing public health policymaking to improve vaccine accessibility and address broader health issues.
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The development of HS-donating derivatives of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is considered important to reduce or overcome their gastrointestinal side effects. Sulforaphane, one of the most extensively studied isothiocyanates (ITCs), effectively releases HS at a slow rate. Thus, we rationally designed, synthesized, and characterized new ITC derivatives (I1-3 and I1a-e) inspired by the natural compound sulforaphane.

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Objectives: Understanding variations in knowledge and attitudes of psychiatrists to psilocybin therapy is important for the collective discourse about the potential impact on clinical practice and public health in Ireland.

Methods: A 28-item questionnaire was designed based on previous studies and distributed to psychiatrists in Ireland via online mailing lists and at in-person academic events.

Results: 151 psychiatrists completed the questionnaire (73.

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Purpose: To determine the statistical fragility of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compare the use of quadriceps tendon (QT) autografts to either hamstring tendon (HT) or bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods: A search was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for RCTs comparing QT autografts to HT or BPTB autografts in ACLR from inception to 21 April 2024. Studies that reported ≥1 statistically significant continuous outcome, statistically significant dichotomous outcome and/or nonsignificant dichotomous outcome were included for analysis.

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  • KSHV (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) relies on lytic replication for persistent infection, with its proteins hijacking cellular pathways for this process.
  • The study identifies that the proteins FoxK1 and FoxK2 bind with the KSHV protein ORF45, playing a crucial role in late viral gene expression and virion production.
  • The interaction between ORF45 and FoxK1/FoxK2 enhances transcriptional activity at late viral promoters, facilitating KSHV lytic replication and revealing their new roles in KSHV pathogenesis.
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The most common primary malignant brain tumor is glioblastoma. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) diagnosis is difficult. However, image segmentation and registration methods may simplify and automate Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan analysis.

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The language of medicine (i.e., biomedical discourse) represents queerness as pathological, yet it is this same discourse medical education researchers use to that narrative.

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Cyclophilin A facilitates HIV-1 integration.

J Virol

November 2024

Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Unlabelled: Cyclophilin A (CypA) binds to the HIV-1 capsid to facilitate reverse transcription and nuclear entry and counter the antiviral activity of TRIM5α. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that the capsid enters the nucleus of an infected cell and uncoats prior to integration. We have previously reported that the capsid protein regulates HIV-1 integration.

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Background: Within long-term care facilities, paraprofessional nursing assistants account for the largest proportion of the health care workforce and provide essential direct care to older people with complex care needs. There is a gap in developing a theory-driven, systematic synthesis of the job characteristics and well-being outcomes specific to this occupational group, as most existing studies evaluate either professional health care workers or both professional and nursing assistants.

Aim: Develop an occupation-specific conceptual model on the job characteristics and well-being of nursing assistants in long-term care facilities drawing upon the job demands-resources model.

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Background: Community health workers (CHWs) played an essential part in providing health services to the communities they served prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and they had some positive impact on community/household health service promotion and delivery. Nonetheless, restricted movement and social isolation made it challenging for community members to access CHW services, which are normally provided in person. We explore community health workers' opinions on the impact of COVID-19 on their responsibilities, clients, and communities in South Africa's Eastern Cape.

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