A mindfulness-based intervention for Substance Use Disorder in a Brazilian vulnerable population: a feasibility mixed method study.

Introduction: Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a chronic condition that impacts various facets of an individual's life, and society as a whole. The Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) protocol is an innovative intervention that can help to prevent relapse, particularly when used as a post-treatment approach. However, although there is significant evidence of its effectiveness in studies from high-income countries (HICs), there is a dearth of studies examining its feasibility and efficacy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

More similar than different: Characterizing special interests in autistic boys and girls based on caregiver report.

Almost all autistic youths have special interests (SIs), which are focused, intense areas of passion and interest in a particular topic. Emerging research suggests that there are gender differences in SIs among autistic youth; however, commonly used measures that assess for the presence of SIs may not fully capture the granular nature of those differences between autistic boys and girls. Characterizing these differences is important for autism identification in girls, as SIs in autistic girls may often be overlooked by caregivers, teachers, and clinicians due to their more "typical" and more socially oriented content areas compared to autistic boys.

Kenyans' perspectives on parenting roles and strategies used to raise young children in Kenya.

Research and parenting programs across the world emphasize two dimensions of parenting: warmth and control. Cross-country literature demonstrates many commonalities across samples on warmth; however, differences are evident with control, largely due to cultural and contextual nuances. Scant literature exists on parenting in Kenya, where half of Kenyans report experiencing child maltreatment typically by parents.

The How Rather than the What: A Qualitative Analysis of Modalities and Caregiver Descriptions of Special Interests in Autistic Youth.

Nearly all autistic youth have special interests (SIs), which are associated with many benefits and challenges. Most research on SIs has focused on the subject matter of SIs, with less focus on understanding how youth engage in their SIs. We conducted a qualitative study using inductive content analysis (ICA) to examine: (1) The modalities youth use to engage in their SIs, (2) the degree to which such modalities are described by caregivers as adaptive or maladaptive, and (3) the extent to which the SIs themselves are described by caregivers positively or negatively.

Characteristics and correlates of aggressive behavior in autistic youths.

This study aimed to characterize aggressive behaviors in autistic youths and to identify the social environment variables most strongly linked with aggression in this clinical population. Participants were 2142 caregivers of autistic youths (ages 6.0-17.

Towards agreement amongst parents, teachers and children on perceived psychopathology in children in a Kenyan socio-cultural context: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Our objective was to determine levels of agreement between parents, teachers and children on mental symptoms in the children. Teachers, children and parents constitute the TRIAD in the perception of psychopathology in children. Analyzing the perceptions of psychopathology from the perspectives of parents, teachers, and children is essential for a comprehensive understanding of a child's mental health.

Psychometric properties of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-short form among law enforcement officers.

Repeatedly capturing national headlines, excessive law enforcement officer (LEO) use of force in critical incident encounters is one of the most divisive human rights issues in the United States. Valid and reliable measures of potential precursors to LEO excessive use of force, such as aggression, are needed. The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-short form (BPAQ-SF) is a validated measure of aggression across various populations; however, evaluation of this easily administered measure in high-stress, frontline populations such as LEOs is limited.

Therapist verification of patient self-concepts as a responsive precondition for early alliance development and subsequent introject change.

Objective: Social psychological research has indicated that people strive for self-consistent feedback and interactions, even if negative, to preserve the epistemic security of knowing themselves. Without such , any interpersonal exchange may become frustrated, anxiety-riddled, and at risk for deterioration. Thus, it may be important for therapists to meet patients' self-verification needs as a responsive precondition for early alliance establishment and development.

Relative Impact of Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Psychological Resilience on Mental Health Outcomes in Racially Minoritized Adults.

Racially minoritized adults lack equal representation in research and experience disparities in healthcare. Little is known about which trait-level factors may help mitigate negative and promote positive psychological health among adults from these communities. The aim of this study was to assess the differential impact of dispositional mindfulness, self-compassion, and resilience in predicting depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction in a sample of racially minoritized adults.

Caregiver adverse childhood experiences and preschool externalizing problems: The role of factors that contribute to caregiver resilience.

Background: Preschool children with externalizing problems are at risk for short- and long-term difficulties and preschool externalizing problems (PEP) are influenced by several caregiver factors. One such factor is caregiver adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Researchers have investigated how caregiver ACEs are related to PEP by identifying risk factors to account for this association.

MRI white matter hyperintensities and neuropsychological performance in a clinical sample.

Objective: White-matter hyperintensities (WMH) are commonly observed on MRI of non-demented patients. Findings are mixed regarding their association with neuropsychological test performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of white-matter hyperintensities on routine clinical MRI and neuropsychological test performance in non-demented outpatients.

Individual participant data systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials assessing adult mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in non-clinical settings.

Introduction: Mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) are widely used to prevent mental ill-health that is becoming the leading global cause of morbidity. Evidence suggests beneficial average effects but wide variability. We aimed to confirm the effect of MBPs on psychological distress, and to understand whether and how baseline distress, gender, age, education, and dispositional mindfulness modify the effect of MBPs on distress among adults in non-clinical settings.

Psychometric properties of the Trauma Checklist 2.0 and its predictive utility of felony re-offending among high-risk juvenile offenders.

Background: Incarcerated youth are characterized by particularly high rates of childhood trauma, a significant risk factor for outcomes including risky behaviors and recidivism. Trauma-based interventions can ameliorate the negative effects of childhood trauma; however, a critical part of success is careful trauma screening. Due to the limitations associated with commonly used self-report trauma assessments, our team developed the Trauma Checklist (TCL), a trained-rater assessment of childhood trauma specifically created for use with forensic populations.

Provider Self-Reported Use and Usefulness of Intervention Strategies for Externalizing Behaviors in Youths with ASD.

Objective: To examine predictors of implementation and perceived usefulness of four empirically supported strategies for treating externalizing behavior in youths with ASD.

Method: Participants were 557 providers in the United States with experience treating externalizing behavior in youths with ASD. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine whether self-reported use and usefulness of four empirically supported intervention strategies (functional communication training, functional behavior analysis, visual tools/supports, token economy) were predicted by key provider characteristics: professional discipline, experience, and practice specialization (across three indices) in ASD.

Mediating Effects of Thought Suppression in the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Substance Use Craving.

: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant issue in the United States, characterized by chronic relapse following periods of abstinence. One of the primary precursors to relapse is craving. Findings from several studies have shown a negative association between trait mindfulness and craving in clinical samples; however, further research is needed to understand mechanisms underlying this relationship.

The impact of ethnic discrimination on chronic pain: the role of sex and depression.

Perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) is predictive of chronic pain-related outcomes. Less is known about pathways through which these constructs interact. The goal of this study was to test whether PED was predictive of chronic pain-related outcomes (pain interference, pain intensity, and symptoms related to central sensitization), whether depression mediated the relationship between PED and pain outcomes, and if these relationships were maintained across sex in a sample of racially and ethnically minoritized adults ( = 77).

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes Differentially Predict Aspects of Mental Health.

Psychological flexibility relates to various aspects of mental health, including psychological distress and adaptive mental health. The CompACT has been developed to assess psychological flexibility by quantifying psychological flexibility as a multidimensional whole, and by three processes of psychological flexibility including, Openness to Experience (OE), Behavioral Awareness (BA), and Valued Action (VA). The current study examined the unique predictive property of each three process of the CompACT with aspects of mental health.

Expectations Regarding Gastein Healing Gallery Treatment and Their Connection to Health-Related Quality of Life.

The present study examines connections between patient expectations and health-related quality of life. We explore a key distinction between expectations about general health and expectations for functional improvement. Patients were 1444 individuals with multiple conditions experiencing chronic pain who were seeking treatment at the Gastein Healing Gallery in Böckstein, near Bad Gastein, Austria.

Engage coaching for caregivers: a pilot trial to reduce loneliness in dementia caregivers.

Objectives: There are no evidence-based interventions for reducing loneliness in family caregivers of people with dementia (ADRD caregivers), despite heightened risk. We examined feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a brief behavioral intervention, Engage Coaching for Caregivers, to reduce loneliness and increase social connection for older ADRD caregivers experiencing stress and loneliness.

Methods: A single-arm clinical trial of 8 individual sessions of Engage Coaching delivered remotely.

Protecting the assessor: Sexual harassment in neuropsychology and related training issues.

Despite a growing body of literature on sexual harassment and inappropriate patient sexual behavior towards clinicians within the broader fields of psychology and medicine, literature, guidance, and supervision frameworks specific to neuropsychology are lacking. This gap in the literature is significant, given that neuropsychology is a specialty field faced with vulnerabilities to sexual harassment, and neuropsychologists may weigh unique factors into their decision-making of whether and/or when to respond. This decision-making may be further complicated for trainees.

Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity associated with childhood trauma among juvenile offenders.

Individuals with history of childhood trauma are characterized by aberrant resting-state limbic and paralimbic functional network connectivity. However, it is unclear whether specific subtypes of trauma (i.e.