769 results match your criteria: "School of Geography and the Environment[Affiliation]"
Ambio
September 2024
School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
The planned relocation of communities away from areas of climate-related risk has emerged as a critical strategy to adapt to the impacts of climate change. Empirical examples from around the world show, however, that such relocations often lead to poor outcomes for affected communities. To address this challenge, and contribute to developing guidelines for just and sustainable relocation processes, this paper calls attention to three fundamental tensions in planned relocation processes: (1) conceptualizations of risk and habitability; (2) community consultation and ownership; and (3) siloed policy frameworks and funding mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Chang Biol
June 2024
School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Grassy ecosystems cover more than 40% of the world's terrestrial surface, supporting crucial ecosystem services and unique biodiversity. These ecosystems have experienced major losses from conversion to agriculture with the remaining fragments threatened by global change. Woody plant encroachment, the increase in woody cover threatening grassy ecosystems, is a major global change symptom, shifting the composition, structure, and function of plant communities with concomitant effects on all biodiversity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Chang Biol
June 2024
Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nat Commun
May 2024
Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK.
The 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave was so extreme as to challenge conventional statistical and climate-model-based approaches to extreme weather attribution. However, state-of-the-art operational weather prediction systems are demonstrably able to simulate the detailed physics of the heatwave. Here, we leverage these systems to show that human influence on the climate made this event at least 8 [2-50] times more likely.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScience
May 2024
Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.
Comprehensive spatial planning in international waters is key to achieving ocean sustainability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Biol
May 2024
Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
The global community has outlined ambitious ecosystem restoration targets. Yet implementation is slow, and a lack of funding is a key barrier to upscaling restoration activities. Most restoration projects are funded by public institutions and recent high-level initiatives have emphasised the need to scale private finance in restoration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Biol
May 2024
Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
As land use leaves massive tracts of land vacant for recovery, restoration must undergo a substantial shift to incorporate a complexity perspective beyond the traditional community, biodiversity or functional views. With an interaction-function perspective, we may be able to achieve ecosystems with better chances to adapt to current environmental changes and, especially, to climate change. We explore combined approaches that include still unused and underexplored techniques that will soon go mainstream and produce massive amounts of information to address the complexity gap.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
June 2024
Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address:
An environmental disaster caused by the rupture of a mining tailings dam has impacted a large area of the Rio Doce watershed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, resulting in unprecedented damage at spatial and temporal scales. The Atlantic Forest is one of the world's most important biodiversity hotspots. A long history of land use conversion has resulted in a highly fragmented landscape.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Sci Med
May 2024
School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
This study analyses how residents create safety in Taranto, Italy, a city located next to one of the largest steel plants in Europe. Combining long-term ethnographic research with an online-based survey, our study shows that most respondents recognise and criticise the presence of environmental risks in their daily lives but encounter such risks in complex ways. Contrary to previous scholarship suggesting that pollution can result in alienating residents from their lived environment, this research shows that acute awareness of environmental risks does not necessarily undermine attachment to place but rather can co-exist with or even strengthen it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
March 2024
Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
Community transport comprises diverse local, not-for-profit, and primarily volunteer-run transport schemes that operate across the United Kingdom. These schemes support the travel needs of thousands of people, most of whom are older, live in rural areas, and have few other transport options. Further, this transport sector is unique in that most schemes are designed, created, and run by older people themselves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
May 2024
Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
There is increasing evidence that interactions between microbes and their hosts not only play a role in determining health and disease but also in emotions, thought, and behavior. Built environments greatly influence microbiome exposures because of their built-in highly specific microbiomes coproduced with myriad metaorganisms including humans, pets, plants, rodents, and insects. Seemingly static built structures host complex ecologies of microorganisms that are only starting to be mapped.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhilos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
June 2024
Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
ACS ES T Water
April 2024
School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, U.K.
Progress toward universal access to safe drinking water depends on rural water service delivery models that incorporate water safety management. Water supplies of all types have high rates of fecal contamination unless water safety risks are actively managed through water source protection, treatment, distribution, and storage. Recognizing the role of treatment within this broader risk-based framework, this study focuses on the implementation of passive chlorination and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection technologies in rural settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
April 2024
Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Environ Sci Technol
April 2024
Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States.
Water supply interruptions contribute to household water insecurity. Unpredictable interruptions may particularly exacerbate water insecurity, as uncertainty limits households' ability to optimize water collection and storage or to modify other coping behaviors. This study used regression models of survey data from 2873 households across 10 sites in 9 middle-income countries to assess whether water supply interruptions and the predictability of interruptions were related to composite indicators of stressful behaviors and emotional distress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScience
April 2024
Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
March 2024
Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.
The 2015-17 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas subsided faster than expected and evolving population immunity was postulated to be the main reason. Herd immunization is suggested to occur around 60-70% seroprevalence, depending on demographic density and climate suitability. However, herd immunity was only documented for a few cities in South America, meaning a substantial portion of the population might still be vulnerable to a future Zika virus outbreak.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
March 2024
School of Geography and the Environment, South Parks Road, OX1 3QY, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.
Leaf litter decomposition is a major component of nutrient cycling which depends on the quality and quantity of the leaf material. Ash trees (, decay time ∼ 0.4 years) are declining throughout Europe due to a fungal pathogen (), which is likely to alter biochemical cycling across the continent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Biol (Stuttg)
April 2024
School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa.
In plant ecology, the terms growth and development are often used interchangeably. Yet these constitute two distinct processes. Plant architectural traits (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Med (Lausanne)
February 2024
Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India.
Introduction: In India, regulatory trials, which require the drug regulator's permission, must be registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI) as of 19 March 2019. In this study, for about 300 trials, we aimed to identify the CTRI record that matched the trial for which the regulator had given permission. After identifying 'true pairs', our goal was to determine whether the sites and Principal Investigators mentioned in the permission letter were the same as those mentioned in the CTRI record.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
March 2024
Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Numerous studies have shown reduced performance in plants that are surrounded by neighbours of the same species, a phenomenon known as conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). A long-held ecological hypothesis posits that CNDD is more pronounced in tropical than in temperate forests, which increases community stabilization, species coexistence and the diversity of local tree species. Previous analyses supporting such a latitudinal gradient in CNDD have suffered from methodological limitations related to the use of static data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Am Assoc Geogr
February 2024
School of Geography and the Environment and Hertford College, University of Oxford, UK.
This article explores approaches to managing pests that are being developed in response to the faltering effectiveness of antibiotic regimes of chemical control. It focuses on black-grass (), an endemic plant in European agriculture that has emerged as a serious yield-robber with increasing levels of herbicidal resistance. Following farmers and agronomists who have developed "integrated" approaches to black-grass management, the article identifies approaches to biosecurity that do not target unwanted life so much as they modulate ecological systems in their entirety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Data
February 2024
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Front Artif Intell
February 2024
Griffith Asia Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
We deploy a prompt-augmented GPT-4 model to distill comprehensive datasets on the global application of debt-for-nature swaps (DNS), a pivotal financial tool for environmental conservation. Our analysis includes 195 nations and identifies 21 countries that have not yet used DNS before as prime candidates for DNS. A significant proportion demonstrates consistent commitments to conservation finance (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCompetition drives community composition and structure in many ecosystems. Spatial and temporal niche partitioning, in which competing species divide the environment in space or time, are mechanisms that may allow for coexistence among ecologically similar species. Such division of resources may be especially important for carnivores in African savannas, which support diverse carnivore assemblages.
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