Astragalus additive in feed improved serum immune function, rumen fermentation and the microbiota structure of early-weaned lambs.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of Astragalus activity on the immune function, rumen microbiota structure, and rumen fermentation of early-weaned lambs.

Methods And Results: Thirty healthy early-weaned lambs with similar body weights (17.42 ± 2.

Elucidating the material basis and potential mechanisms of Daqinglong Decoction acting on influenza by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and network pharmacology.

Daqinglong Decoction (DQLD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription firstly recorded in (the treatise on febrile diseases), has been used hundreds of years for the clinical treatment of influenza. However, the chemical composition and therapeutic mechanism of this prescription are unclear. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was employed to analyze the chemical compounds in both methanol and boiling water extracts of DQLD.

Characterizing the dynamics of the rumen microbiota, its metabolites, and blood metabolites across reproductive stages in Small-tailed Han sheep.

Our study illustrates the succession of the rumen microbiota and its metabolites in Small-tailed Han sheep at different reproductive stages. Among them, Firmicutes and , which are related to energy metabolism, increased in abundance during pregnancy, while , a fiber-degrading bacterium, increased in abundance during lactation. At the same time, the microbial metabolic profile and serum metabolic profile characteristics of different reproductive stages were revealed, and some functional pathways and metabolites related to energy and immunity were found.

Synergistic Responses of Tibetan Sheep Rumen Microbiota, Metabolites, and the Host to the Plateau Environment.

Plateau adaptation in animals involves genetic mechanisms as well as coevolutionary mechanisms of the microbiota and metabolome of the animal. Therefore, the characteristics of the rumen microbiome and metabolome, transcriptome, and serum metabolome of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes (4500 m, 3500 m, and 2500 m) were analyzed. The results showed that the rumen differential metabolites at 3500 m and 4500 m were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism, and there was a significant correlation with microbiota.

Interaction between Rumen Epithelial miRNAs-Microbiota-Metabolites in Response to Cold-Season Nutritional Stress in Tibetan Sheep.

Tibetan sheep are already well adapted to cold season nutrient stress on the Tibetan Plateau. Rumen, an important nutrient for metabolism and as an absorption organ in ruminants, plays a vital role in the cold stress adaptations of Tibetan sheep. Ruminal microbiota also plays an indispensable role in rumen function.

Methylome changes in associated with long-term colonisation by the endophytic fungus sp. TG-3 strain AR37.

spp. often form mutualistic interactions with cool-season grasses, such as . However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction remain poorly understood.

Br-doped Cu nanoparticle formed by in situ restructuring for highly efficient electrochemical reduction of CO to formate.

Electrochemical conversion of CO into chemical feedstock, such as an energy-dense liquid product (formate), is desirable to address the excessive emission of greenhouse gases and store energy. Cu-based catalysts exhibit great advantages in electrochemical CO reduction reaction (eCORR) due to their low cost and high abundance, but suffer from low selectivity of formate. In this work, a facile one-pot approach is developed to synthesize CuBr nanoparticle (CuBr NP) that can conduct in situ dynamic restructuring during eCORR to generate Br-doped Cu NP.

Efficacy of commercial peroxyacetic acid on Vibrio parahaemolyticus planktonic cells and biofilms on stainless steel and Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) surfaces.

The potential of using commercial peroxyacetic acid (PAA) for Vibrio parahaemolyticus sanitization was evaluated. Commercial PAA of 0.005 % (v/v, PAA: 2.

Interactions of rumen microbiota and metabolites with meat quality-related genes to regulate meat quality and flavor of Tibetan sheep under nutrient stress in the cold season.

Aim: The meat of Tibetan sheep has a unique flavor, delicious taste, and superior nutritional value. However, the change of grass will lead to a change in meat quality. This study aimed to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of microbial metabolites with respect to meat quality traits of Tibetan sheep under nutrient stress in the cold season.

Nanomaterials for photothermal cancer therapy.

Cancer has emerged as a pressing global public health issue, and improving the effectiveness of cancer treatment remains one of the foremost challenges of modern medicine. The primary clinical methods of treating cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, inevitably result in some adverse effects on the body. However, the advent of photothermal therapy offers an alternative route for cancer treatment.

gen. nov. sp. nov. and sp. nov., two rumen bacterial species of a novel proposed family, fam. nov.

Two strains of Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, from an abundant but uncharacterized rumen bacterial group of the order ', were phylogenetically and phenotypically characterized. These strains, designated R-7 and WTE2008, shared 98.6-99.

Recent advances in Prussian blue-based photothermal therapy in cancer treatment.

Malignant tumours are a serious threat to human health. Traditional chemotherapy has achieved breakthrough improvements but also has significant detrimental effects, such as the development of drug resistance, immunosuppression, and even systemic toxicity. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging cancer therapy.

Nanotechnological strategies to increase the oxygen content of the tumor.

Hypoxia is a negative prognostic indicator of solid tumors, which not only changes the survival state of tumors and increases their invasiveness but also remarkably reduces the sensitivity of tumors to treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Thus, developing therapeutic strategies to alleviate tumor hypoxia has recently been considered an extremely valuable target in oncology. In this review, nanotechnological strategies to elevate oxygen levels in tumor therapy in recent years are summarized, including (I) improving the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, (II) oxygen delivery to hypoxic tumors, and (III) oxygen generation in hypoxic tumors.

ATP binding by an FF ATP synthase ε subunit is pH dependent, suggesting a diversity of ε subunit functional regulation in bacteria.

It is a conjecture that the ε subunit regulates ATP hydrolytic function of the FF ATP synthase in bacteria. This has been proposed by the ε subunit taking an extended conformation, with a terminal helix probing into the central architecture of the hexameric catalytic domain, preventing ATP hydrolysis. The ε subunit takes a contracted conformation when bound to ATP, thus would not interfere with catalysis.

Comparative genome identification of accessory genes associated with strong biofilm formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilms on the seafood processing plant surfaces are a potential source of seafood contamination and subsequent food poisoning. Strains differ in their ability to form biofilm, but little is known about the genetic characteristics responsible for biofilm development. In this study, pangenome and comparative genome analysis of V.

Mendelian randomization analyses in ocular disease: a powerful approach to causal inference with human genetic data.

Ophthalmic epidemiology is concerned with the prevalence, distribution and other factors relating to human eye disease. While observational studies cannot avoid confounding factors from interventions, human eye composition and structure are unique, thus, eye disease pathogenesis, which greatly impairs quality of life and visual health, remains to be fully explored. Notwithstanding, inheritance has had a vital role in ophthalmic disease.

Rumen Epithelial Development- and Metabolism-Related Genes Regulate Their Micromorphology and VFAs Mediating Plateau Adaptability at Different Ages in Tibetan Sheep.

The rumen is an important hallmark organ of ruminants and plays an important role in the metabolism and immune barrier of Tibetan sheep on the Plateau. However, there are few studies on rumen development and metabolism regulation in Tibetan sheep at different ages. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the immune function, fermentation function, rumen epithelial micromorphology and transcriptome profile of Tibetan sheep at different ages.

Modeling multiple duplex DNA attachments in a force-extension experiment.

Optical tweezers-based DNA stretching often relies on tethering a single end-activated DNA molecule between optically manipulated end-binding beads. Measurement success can depend on DNA concentration. At lower DNA concentrations tethering is less common, and many trials may be required to observe a single-molecule stretch.

Biofilm formation, sodium hypochlorite susceptibility and genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine oriented pathogen; and biofilm formation enables its survival and persistence on seafood processing plant, complicating the hygienic practice. The objectives of this study are to assess the ability of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood related environments to form biofilms, to determine the effective sodium hypochlorite concentrations required to inactivate planktonic and biofilm cells, and to evaluate the genetic diversity required for strong biofilm formation.

Digital Twin for a Multifunctional Technology of Flexible Assembly on a Mechatronics Line with Integrated Robotic Systems and Mobile Visual Sensor-Challenges towards Industry 5.0.

A digital twin for a multifunctional technology for flexible manufacturing on an assembly, disassembly, and repair mechatronics line (A/D/RML), assisted by a complex autonomous system (CAS), is presented in the paper. The hardware architecture consists of the A/D/RML and a six-workstation (WS) mechatronics line (ML) connected to a flexible cell (FC) and equipped with a six-degree of freedom (DOF) industrial robotic manipulator (IRM). The CAS has in its structure two driving wheels and one free wheel (2DW/1FW)-wheeled mobile robot (WMR) equipped with a 7-DOF robotic manipulator (RM).

Admixture has obscured signals of historical hard sweeps in humans.

The role of natural selection in shaping biological diversity is an area of intense interest in modern biology. To date, studies of positive selection have primarily relied on genomic datasets from contemporary populations, which are susceptible to confounding factors associated with complex and often unknown aspects of population history. In particular, admixture between diverged populations can distort or hide prior selection events in modern genomes, though this process is not explicitly accounted for in most selection studies despite its apparent ubiquity in humans and other species.

Response of Ruminal Microbiota-Host Gene Interaction to High-Altitude Environments in Tibetan Sheep.

Altitude is the main external environmental pressure affecting the production performance of Tibetan sheep, and the adaptive evolution of many years has formed a certain response mechanism. However, there are few reports on the response of ruminal microbiota and host genomes of Tibetan sheep to high-altitude environments. Here, we conducted an integrated analysis of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), microbial diversity (16S rRNA), epithelial morphology, and epithelial transcriptome in the rumen of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes to understand the changes in ruminal microbiota−host interaction in response to high altitude.

X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations reveal the secondary structure of κ-carrageenan in the solution state.

The solution state structure of κ-carrageenan is typically described as a 'random coil', to indicate a lack of defined secondary structure elements. From this starting point the assignment of an optical-rotation-detected change that follows the introduction of particular ions to such solutions as a 'coil-to-helix transition' seems unambiguous, and thus the canonical description of this important biopolymer's gelling behaviour was born. However, the notion that κ-carrageenan exists in solution as a random coil, devoid of secondary structure, has been questioned a number of times previously in the literature, particularly by the molecular modelling and NMR communities.

EDIL3 influenced the αvβ3-FAK/MEK/ERK axis of endothelial cells in psoriasis.

One of the earliest events in the development of psoriatic lesion is a vascular network expansion. The abnormal vascular network is associated with increased endothelial cells (ECs) survival, proliferation, adhesion, migration, angiogenesis and permeability in psoriatic lesion. Our previous study demonstrated that epidermal growth factor-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3 (EDIL3) derived from psoriatic dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) promoted cell-cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis of ECs, but the molecular mechanism of upstream or downstream has not been explored.