Immunomodulation of exopolysaccharide produced by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ZFM216 in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice by modulating gut microbiota.

This study investigated the immunoregulatory activity of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ZFM216 in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). The results showed that EPS treatment effectively improved the body weight, immune organ index and splenic lymphocyte proliferation. EPS also mitigated the damage of immune organs, restored intestinal morphology, and regulated the levels of serum hemolysin and cytokines (e.

Enhancing the emulsification performance of hempseed protein hydrolysate through the incorporation of sugar beet pectin: Role of interaction mechanism and interfacial behavior.

Effects of incorporating sugar beet pectin (SBP) at various pH levels (3.0-7.0) on the conformation, interfacial characteristics, and emulsification performance of hempseed protein hydrolysate (HPH) were explored.

Prolamin and prolamin-polysaccharide composite nanoparticles for oral drug and nutrient delivery systems: A review.

Prolamin-based nanoparticles, particularly those composed of prolamin-polysaccharide composites, have garnered significant interest as oral delivery systems in recent research. This review provides a thorough analysis of the current advancements in these composite nanoparticles with prolamins derived from various cereals, including maize, wheat, sorghum, and millet, with a focus on their applications in oral drug delivery. It discusses the mechanisms by which these composites enhance nanoparticle performance, especially in terms of stability.

Association of oral health with nutritional status of the older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The potential association between oral health and nutritional status of the very old, has been poorly investigated. Thus, we carried out the cross-sectional study to evaluate the association of oral health with the nutritional status of the older adults.

Methods: 210 participants aged over 75 years were included in the study.

Protein-bound AGEs derived from methylglyoxal induce pro-inflammatory response and barrier integrity damage in epithelial cells by disrupting the retinol metabolism.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are complex and heterogeneous compounds widely present in processed foods. Previous studies evidenced the adverse effects of AGEs on gut homeostasis, but the precise pathological mechanisms and molecular pathways responsible for the disruption of intestinal barrier integrity by AGEs remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, protein-bound AGEs (BSA-MGO), the most common type of dietary AGE, were prepared by methylglyoxal-mediated glycation, and an human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell model was employed to evaluate the impact of protein-bound AGEs on gut epithelial function.

Improved exopolysaccharide production by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Z-1 under hydrogen peroxide stress and its physicochemical properties.

In this study, a strain with good exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing ability was isolated from the fermented Benincasa hispida and identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Z-1. Its EPS production was further improved by HO stress under optimized culture conditions, increasing from 180 ± 0.45 mg/L to 409.

Structure changes and carotenoids release of tomato during in vitro dynamic digestion: Effect of heating and oil addition.

There is still a gap between the food processing and carotenoids release and structure degradation during digestion. This study investigated the effect of heating and coconut oil addition on the digestion behavior of tomatoes during in vitro dynamic digestion. Coconut oil and heating increased gastric retention, and the value of heat-treated tomatoes with coconut oil maintained at a highest level throughout the gastric digestion.

Impact of pH on the fabrication of egg white reinforced soy protein composite microgels for gastrointestinal delivery purposes.

Protein molecules such as soy protein isolate (SPI) and egg white (EW) are highly promising materials for developing hydrogels (especially micro/nanogels) for the encapsulation, protection and controlled release of bioactive substances. However, there are limited numbers of studies on the formulation and behavior of these two gelling materials as microgels. In our study, composite microgels of SPI and EW at various component ratios and pH conditions have been successfully prepared; the rheological behavior and structural properties of these composite microgels before, during and after digestion have been analyzed; and their performance in curcumin encapsulation and gastrointestinal delivery has also been investigated.

Amyloid fibrils for β-carotene delivery - Influence of self-assembled structures on binding and in vitro release behavior.

Two whey protein isolate amyloid fibrils (WPIF) with different structure were prepared, and the effects of these structures on binding of β-carotene (BC) and in vitro digestibility were evaluated. Whey protein isolate (WPI) in water (80 °C, pH 2.0) self-assembled into elongated WPIF (E-WPIF), whereas WPI formed to worm-like WPIF (W-WPIF) in trifluoroethanol.

Acidic polysaccharide from the edible insect Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis activates antiviral immunity to suppress norovirus infection.

Edible insects are gaining attention as potential nutraceutical sources with immunomodulatory properties. This study reports purification and structural characterization of polysaccharides from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae (PBSL) with antiviral activity against murine norovirus. Four polysaccharide fractions purified from PBSL water extracts exhibited varying molecular weights (458.

Reducing starch digestibility using a domestic rice cooking method: Structural changes in starch during cooking.

In this study, a domestic cooking process based on two soaking stages was designed to reduce starch digestibility in japonica, indica, and waxy rice. Compared with the control rice prepared via a conventional method, each cooked rice prepared under optimal conditions (treated rice) exhibited lower protein and lipid content, similar starch levels but with a higher amylose ratio, and greater sensory acceptability. In vitro digestion assessments indicated that each treated rice had less rapidly digested starch (RDS) and more slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) than the control rice.

Controlled synthesis of CeNbZrO solid solution with high thermal stability and application in catalytic degradation of CHCH and CHCl.

A series of CeNbZrO composite oxides with different (CeNb)/Zr molar ratios were prepared by urea homogeneous precipitation method and systematically characterized. The thermal stability, degradation performance and structure-activity relationship of these catalysts for eliminating CHCH and CHCl mixed pollutants were evaluated. The results indicated that with the increase of ZrO content, the catalytic activity of CeNbxZrO increased first and then decreased.

[Evaluation of antibiotics resistance and transmission risk of in rice-frog coculture system].

In order to assess the antibiotic resistance of and its transmission risk in a rice-frog coculture system in Zhejiang Province, this study collected . from isolated soil, field water, and frog feces from the rice-frog coculture systems in four different areas of Zhejiang Province. The collected isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, while their antibiotic-resistant phenotypes were determined by Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method.

The masking mechanism of catechin to the sweet taste of phloridzin.

Our previous study speculated that decreased levels of catechin were associated with heightened sweetness in Camellia nanchuanica black tea (NCBT). In this study, we found that catechin has the capacity to obscure the sweet taste of phloridzin and verified the above speculation. To delve deeper into this masking effect, we examined various concentrations of catechin (cat-10cat) and phloridzin (phl-10phl), and revealed catechin (cat-10cat) significantly reduced the sweetness of 10phl.

Fabrication and characterization of lysozyme fibrils/Zein complexes for resveratrol encapsulation: Improving stability, antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Resveratrol (Res), a naturally occurring hydrophobic polyphenol, boasts numerous health-promoting bio-functionalities. However, its limited water solubility and stability impede further applications in the food industry. This study aims to address these challenges by fabricating stable Res-loaded lysozyme fibrils/zein (Ly-F/Z) complexes.

Effect of glyceryl monopalmitate on the gelatinization, rheological and retrogradation properties of Japonica rice starch.

Background: Starch-based food is easy to retrograde during cold storage after gelatinization, which leads to quality fission and a relatively short shelf life. Some lipids can effectively enhance the storage stability of starch gels by the formation of starch-lipid complexes. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of glyceryl monopalmitate (GMP) on gelatinization, rheological and retrogradation properties of Japonica rice starch (JS) at different conditions and to analyze the correlation between the physical-chemical properties and structural characteristics of the JS-GMP complex.

Differential binding of gallic acid and epigallocatechin gallate to whey protein affects the interfacial adsorption and gastric digestion of O/W emulsion.

Whey protein isolate (WPI) was reacted with 20, 120, and 240 μmol/g gallic acid (GA) or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) at 21 °C. Equilibrium dialysis testing indicated a stronger binding capacity of whey proteins with EGCG compared to GA. Both phenolics, especially EGCG, tended to reduce the adsorption of WPI at the oil-water interface and decreased the elasticity modulus (E) of the interfacial film.

Highly potent and selective PPARδ agonist reverses memory deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease accompanied by neurotoxicity, excessive inflammation, and cognitive impairment. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ is a potential target for AD. However, its regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential in AD remain unclear.

Degradation Polysaccharides from Benincasa hispida var. chieh-qua How: Unveiling Bioactive Properties of Degraded Compounds.

This study reported an effective method for the degradation of Chieh-qua (Benincasa hispida var. Chieh-qua How) polysaccharides (BHCP) by a hydrogen peroxide-ascorbic acid oxidation (HO-V) system. The degradation conditions were optimized using a Box-Behnken response surface design as concentration of HO-V 19.

Solubilized β-Glucan Supplementation in C57BL/6J Mice Dams Augments Neurodevelopment and Cognition in the Offspring Driven by Gut Microbiome Remodeling.

A maternal diet rich in dietary fiber, such as β-glucan, plays a crucial role in the offspring's acquisition of gut microbiota and the subsequent shaping of its microbiome profile and metabolome. This in turn has been shown to aid in neurodevelopmental processes, including early microglial maturation and immunomodulation via metabolites like short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of oat β-glucan supplementation, solubilized by citric acid hydrolysis, from gestation to adulthood.

A novel genetic mouse model of osteoporosis with double heterozygosity of Irx3 and Irx5 characterizes sex-dependent phenotypes in bone homeostasis.

Iroquois homeobox gene 3 (Irx3) and Irx5 encode transcription factors that play crucial roles in limb development and bone formation. Previous studies using knockout mice have revealed a role of Irx3 and Irx5 in osteogenesis in young adult mice. However, whether these genes are also essential for bone homeostasis in adulthood and contribute to bone diseases remain poorly understood.

Effect of Complexation with Different Molecular Weights of Oat β-Glucan and Sea Buckthorn Flavonoid on the Digestion of Rice Flour.

The complex of oat β-glucan (OBG) and flavonoids hampered the digestion of starch-based food and retarded the blood glucose response; however, its effect on gastric emptying and its relative mechanism have not been thoroughly investigated. By using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), antioxidant ability, and enzymic inhibitory tests for the characterization and semi-dynamic digestion of complexes of OBG (high and low molecular weights) and sea buckthorn flavonoids, we found that the higher molecular weight complex (FU) exhibited stronger ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging abilities and higher α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition rates. Mice fed with rice flour with FU addition exhibited the slowest gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion rates and blood glucose rise and had the lowest activity of digestive enzymes and levels of insulin, ghrelin, motilin (MTL), and relevant gene (ghrelin and GHSR mRNA) expression than those in the control and low-molecular-weight groups.