Mimicking the hair surface for neutron reflectometry.

The surface of human hair is normally hydrophobic as it is covered by a lipid layer, mainly composed of 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA). When the hair is damaged, this layer can be partially or fully removed and more hydrophilic, mainly negatively charged surfaces are formed with a wide variety of physical and chemical characteristics. The cosmetic industry is currently embracing the opportunity of increasing the sustainability of their hair-care products whilst improving product performance.

Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of 5H-Benzo[b]indeno[2,1-d]silines by Insertion of Vinyl Carbocations into the Si-H Bond.

We have developed a gold-catalyzed cascade reaction of aryldiynes bearing a hydrosilyl group to afford a variety of unexplored 5H-benzo[b]indeno[2,1-d]silines. The reaction system is applicable to the synthesis of bidirectionally π-extended silacycles from tetra(alkynyl)aryl compounds. Computational studies suggest that 5H-benzo[b]indeno[2,1-d]silines are formed via the insertion of a vinyl carbocation intermediate into the Si-H bond.

Quantitative proteomics of patient fibroblasts reveal biomarkers and diagnostic signatures of mitochondrial disease.

BACKGROUNDMitochondrial diseases belong to the group of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), with a prevalence of 1 in 2,000-5,000 individuals. They are the most common form of IEM, but, despite advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, almost half of the patients are left genetically undiagnosed.METHODSWe investigated a cohort of 61 patients with defined mitochondrial disease to improve diagnostics, identify biomarkers, and correlate metabolic pathways to specific disease groups.

Establishment of a Rapid Detection Method for Cadmium Ions via a Specific Cadmium Chelator N-(2-Acetamido)-Iminodiacetic Acid Screened by a Novel Biological Method.

Heavy metal ions such as cadmium, mercury, lead, and arsenic in the soil cannot be degraded naturally and are absorbed by crops, leading to accumulation in agricultural products, which poses a serious threat to human health. Therefore, establishing a rapid and efficient method for detecting heavy metal ions in agricultural products is of great significance to ensuring the health and safety. In this study, a novel optimized spectrometric method was developed for the rapid and specific colorimetric detection of cadmium ions based on N-(2-Acetamido)-iminodiacetic acid (ADA) and Victoria blue B (VBB) as the chromogenic unit.

The 6-phosphofructokinase reaction in Acetivibrio thermocellus is both ATP- and pyrophosphate-dependent.

Acetivibrio thermocellus (formerly Clostridium thermocellum) is a potential platform for lignocellulosic ethanol production. Its industrial application is hampered by low product titres, resulting from a low thermodynamic driving force of its central metabolism. It possesses both a functional ATP- and a functional PP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase (PP-Pfk), of which only the latter is held responsible for the low driving force.

A Theoretical Exploration of the Photoinduced Breaking Mechanism of the Glycosidic Bond in Thymine Nucleotide.

DNA glycosidic bond cleavage may induce cancer under the ultraviolet (UV) effect. Yet, the mechanism of glycosidic bond cleavage remains unclear and requires more detailed clarification. Herein, quantum chemical studies on its photoinduced mechanism are performed using a 5'-thymidine monophosphate (5'-dTMPH) model.

A New Approach to Breast Specimen Orientation: Avoiding Pitfalls with the Specimen Plate Concept.

Accurate specimen marking is crucial during breast cancer surgery to avoid misorientation, which can lead to inadequate re-excision and tumor recurrence. We studied the marking methods at various breast cancer centers to create a tool that would prevent specimen misorientation. An online questionnaire was used to survey marking procedures at major breast cancer centers in Hungary, and a tool was developed using a troubleshooting method.

Identification of novel and potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease from DNA-encoded chemical libraries.

screening of large compound libraries with automated high-throughput screening is expensive and time-consuming and requires dedicated infrastructures. Conversely, the selection of DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DECLs) can be rapidly performed with routine equipment available in most laboratories. In this study, we identified novel inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M) through the affinity-based selection of the DELopen library (open access for academics), containing 4.

An anti-sortilin affibody-peptide fusion inhibits sortilin-mediated progranulin degradation.

Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the gene are a common cause of frontotemporal dementia. Such mutations lead to decreased plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of progranulin (PGRN), a neurotrophic factor with lysosomal functions. Sortilin is a negative regulator of extracellular PGRN levels and has shown promise as a therapeutic target for frontotemporal dementia, enabling increased extracellular PGRN levels through inhibition of sortilin-mediated PGRN degradation.

Intermolecular O-O Bond Formation between High-Valent Ru-oxo Species.

Despite extensive research on water oxidation catalysts over the past few decades, the relationship between high-valent metal-oxo intermediates and the O-O bond formation pathway has not been well clarified. Our previous study showed that the high spin density on O in Ru=O is pivotal for the interaction of two metal-oxyl radical (I2M) pathways. In this study, we found that introducing an axially coordinating ligand, which is favorable for bimolecular coupling, into the Ru-pda catalyst can rearrange its geometry.

Effect of proton pump inhibitors on susceptibility and melanogenesis of species.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous infection caused by dimorphic species embedded in the clinical clade. Fungi have virulence factors, such as biofilm and melanin production, which contribute to their survival and are related to the increase in the number of cases of therapeutic failure, making it necessary to search for new options. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have already been shown to inhibit the growth and melanogenesis of other fungi.

Zfp697 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates skeletal muscle inflammation and remodeling.

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a morbidity and mortality risk factor that happens with disuse, chronic disease, and aging. The tissue remodeling that happens during recovery from atrophy or injury involves changes in different cell types such as muscle fibers, and satellite and immune cells. Here, we show that the previously uncharacterized gene and protein Zfp697 is a damage-induced regulator of muscle remodeling.

Excellent adsorption of toxic Cd (II) ions from water with effective antibacterial activity by novel GO-ZnO-curcumin composite.

A significant health risk arises from the bioaccumulation of harmful Cd (II) in drinking water. Here, we report the unique Cd (II) remediation from drinking water by using novel GO-ZnO-curcumin composite. The composites were tailored by varying the ratio of GO-ZnO and curcumin.

Development and implementation of assays to monitor human adenovirus F40/41 in wastewater: Trends preceding, during, and following the non-A-to-E hepatitis outbreak in Stockholm.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) type F41 has been identified as a possible cause of the non-A-to-E hepatitis outbreak. This study uses wastewater monitoring to track HAdV F40 and F41, supporting clinical investigations and providing insights into the pathogen's role in the outbreak. Given the limited clinical monitoring in Sweden of HAdV-F40/41, this approach also helps estimate the true infection burden of this pathogen during the outbreak.

A Comparative Study on Force-Fields for Interstitial Diffusion in α-Zr and Zr Alloys.

Interstitial diffusion is important for radiation defect evolution in zirconium alloys. This study employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate interstitial diffusion in α-Zr and its alloys with 1.0 at.

Exploring the discrepancies between clinical trials and real-world data: A small-cell lung cancer study.

The potential of real-world data to inform clinical trial design and supplement control arms has gained much interest in recent years. The most common approach relies on reproducing control arm outcomes by matching real-world patient cohorts to clinical trial baseline populations. However, recent studies pointed out that there is a lack of replicability, generalisability, and consensus.

Micro-costing of genetic diagnostics in acute leukemia in Sweden: from standard-of-care to whole-genome sequencing.

Aims And Background: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly applied in clinical practice and expected to replace standard-of-care (SoC) genetic diagnostics in hematological malignancies. This study aims to assess and compare the fully burdened cost ('micro-costing') per patient for Swedish laboratories using WGS and SoC, respectively, in pediatric and adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods: The resource use and cost details associated with SoC, chromosome banding analysis, fluorescent hybridization, and targeted sequencing analysis, were collected activity-based costing methods from four diagnostic laboratories.

Multiplexed mapping of the interactome of GPCRs with receptor activity-modifying proteins.

Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) form complexes with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and may regulate their cellular trafficking and pharmacology. RAMP interactions have been identified for about 50 GPCRs, but only a few GPCR-RAMP complexes have been studied in detail. To elucidate a comprehensive GPCR-RAMP interactome, we created a library of 215 dual epitope-tagged (DuET) GPCRs representing all GPCR subfamilies and coexpressed each GPCR with each of the three RAMPs.

Corrigendum: Leaf surfaces and neolithization - the case of .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.

The effects of aperture position and length in side-vented needles on root canal irrigation: A computational fluid dynamics study.

Introduction: Root canal irrigation is crucial for infection control during root canal treatment. Side-vented needles for positive pressure irrigation are commonly used in clinical practice. However, variations in needle design among manufacturers can impact the fluid dynamics of irrigation.

Two glycosyl transferase 2 genes from the gram-positive bacterium Clostridium ventriculi encode (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan synthases.

The exopolysaccharides of the Gram-positive bacterium Romboutsia ilealis have recently been shown to include (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucans. In the present study, we examined another Clostridia bacterium Clostridium ventriculi that has long been considered to contain abundant amounts of cellulose in its exopolysaccharides. We treated alcohol insoluble residues of C.

Precision Diagnostics in Myeloid Malignancies: Development and Validation of a National Capture-Based Gene Panel.

Gene panel sequencing has become a common diagnostic tool for detecting somatically acquired mutations in myeloid neoplasms. However, many panels have restricted content, provide insufficient sensitivity levels, or lack clinically validated workflows. We here describe the development and validation of the Genomic Medicine Sweden myeloid gene panel (GMS-MGP), a capture-based 191 gene panel including mandatory genes in contemporary guidelines as well as emerging candidates.