Characterization of dynamic features in the walking videos of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis based on moving entropy.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), which typically occurs in patients between the ages of 10 and 18, can be caused by a variety of reasons, and no definitive cause has been found. Early diagnosis of AIS or timely recognition of progression is crucial for the prevention of spinal deformity and the reduction of the risk of surgery or postponement. However, it remains a significant challenge.

Compact high-bandwidth single-beam optically-pumped magnetometer for biomagnetic measurement.

Optically-pumped magnetometer (OPM) has been of increasing interest for biomagnetic measurements due to its low cost and portability compared with superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID). Miniaturized spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) OPMs typically have limited bandwidth (less than a few hundred Hertz), making it difficult to measure high-frequency biomagnetic signals such as the magnetocardiography (MCG) signal of the mouse. Existing experiments mainly use SQUID systems to measure the signal.

Characteristics of brain network after cardiopulmonary phase synchronization enhancement.

The central neural mechanism plays an important role in cardiopulmonary coupling. How the brain stem affects the cardiopulmonary coupling is relatively clear, but there are few studies on the cerebral cortex activity of cardiopulmonary coupling. We aim to study the response of the cerebral cortex for cardiopulmonary phase synchronization enhancement.

All-Optical Single-Channel Plasmonic Logic Gates.

Optical computing, renowned for its light-speed processing and low power consumption, typically relies on the coherent control of two light sources. However, there are challenges in stabilizing and maintaining high optical spatiotemporal coherence, especially for large-scale computing systems. The coherence requires rigorous feedback circuits and numerous phase shifters, introducing system instability and complexity.

Scalable Synthesis of 2D ErOCl with Sub-meV Narrow Emissions at Telecom Band.

Van der Waals (vdWs) materials are promising candidates for hetero-integration with silicon photonics toward miniaturization and integration. VdWs materials like molybdenum telluride and black phosphorus, despite being prominent, exhibit air sensitivity, and their room temperature emissions can be significantly broadened by tens of meV. Here, a self-encapsulation strategy is developed to scalably synthesize robust 2D vdWs ErOCl with sub-meV narrow emissions at the telecom C-band.

Self-Reconstruction of High Entropy Alloys for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution.

Alkaline water (HO) electrolysis is currently a commercialized green hydrogen (H) production technology, yet the unsatisfactory hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance severely limits its energy conversion efficiency and cost reduction. Herein, PtRuFeCoNi high entropy alloys (HEAs) is synthesized and subsequently exploited electrochemically induced structural oxidation processes to construct self-reconfigurable HEAs, as an efficient alkaline HER catalyst. The optimized self-reconstructed PtRuFeCoNi HEAs with the HEAs and cobalt rutheniate interface (HEAs-CoRuO) exhibits excellent alkaline HER performance, requiring just 11.

Integrating and retrieving learning analytics data from heterogeneous platforms using ontology alignment: Graph-based approach.

This study explores the possibility of integrating and retrieving heterogenous data across platforms by using ontology graph databases to enhance educational insights and enabling advanced data-driven decision-making. Motivated by some of the well-known universities and other Higher Education Institutions ontology, this study improvises the existing entities and introduces new entities in order to tackle a new topic identified from the preliminary interview conducted in the study to cover the study objective. The paper also proposes an innovative ontology, referred to as Student Performance and Course, to enhance resource management and evaluation mechanisms on course, students, and MOOC performance by the faculty.

Contributions of short- and long-range white matter tracts in dynamic compensation with aging.

Optimal brain function is shaped by a combination of global information integration, facilitated by long-range connections, and local processing, which relies on short-range connections and underlying biological factors. With aging, anatomical connectivity undergoes significant deterioration, which affects the brain's overall function. Despite the structural loss, previous research has shown that normative patterns of functions remain intact across the lifespan, defined as the compensatory mechanism of the aging brain.

Enhanced Pneumonia Detection in Chest X-Rays Using Hybrid Convolutional and Vision Transformer Networks.

Objective: The objective of this research is to enhance pneumonia detection in chest X-rays by leveraging a novel hybrid deep learning model that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with modified Swin Transformer blocks. This study aims to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce misclassifications, and provide a robust, deployable solution for underdeveloped regions where access to conventional diagnostics and treatment is limited.

Methods: The study developed a hybrid model architecture integrating CNNs with modified Swin Transformer blocks to work seamlessly within the same model.

Meta-Device for Field-of-View Tunability via Adaptive Optical Spatial Differentiation.

Optical edge detection is a crucial optical analog computing method in fundamental artificial intelligence, machine vision, and image recognition, owing to its advantages of parallel processing, high computing speed, and low energy consumption. Field-of-view-tunable edge detection is particularly significant for detecting a broader range of objects, enhancing both practicality and flexibility. In this work, a novel approach-adaptive optical spatial differentiation is proposed for field-of-view-tunable edge detection.

Recent Advances in Polymorphism of Organic Solar Cells.

As organic solar cells (OSCs) achieve notable advancements, a significant consensus has been highlighted that the device performance is intricately linked to the active layer morphology. With conjugated molecules being widely employed, intermolecular interactions exert substantial influence over the aggregation state and morphology formation, resulting in distinct molecular packing motifs, also known as polymorphism. This phenomenon is closely associated with processing conditions and exerts a profound impact on functional properties.

Enabling ultra-flexible inorganic thin-film-based thermoelectric devices by introducing nanoscale titanium layers.

Here, we design exotic interfaces within a flexible thermoelectric device, incorporating a polyimide substrate, Ti contact layer, Cu electrode, Ti barrier layer, and thermoelectric thin film. The device features 162 pairs of thin-film legs with high room-temperature performance, using p-BiSbTe and n-BiTeSe, with figure-of-merit values of 1.39 and 1.

Implementation of memristive emotion associative learning circuit.

Psychological studies have demonstrated that the music can affect memory by triggering different emotions. Building on the relationships among music, emotion, and memory, a memristor-based emotion associative learning circuit is designed by utilizing the nonlinear and non-volatile characteristics of memristors, which includes a music judgment module, three emotion generation modules, three emotional homeostasis modules, and a memory module to implement functions such as learning, second learning, forgetting, emotion generation, and emotional homeostasis. The experimental results indicate that the proposed circuit can simulate the learning and forgetting processes of human under different music circumstances, demonstrate the feasibility of memristors in biomimetic circuits, verify the impact of music on memory, and provide a foundation for in-depth research and application development of the interaction mechanism between emotion and memory.

van der Waals Photonic Bipolar Junction Transistors Capable of Simultaneously Discerning Wavelength Bands and Dual-Function Chip Application.

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoTs) has led to the widespread deployment of millions of sensors, crucial for the sensing layer's perception capabilities. In particular, there is a strong interest in intelligent photonic sensing. However, the current photonic sensing device and chip typically offer limited functionality, and the devices providing their power take up excessive amounts of space.

In situ decoration of AuPd nanoparticles on MOF derived ZnO for ultra-high response and low detection limit trimethylamine detection.

Background: Trimethylamine (TMA) is a colorless, volatile gas with a strong irritating odor. Prolonged exposure to a certain amount of TMA can cause symptoms such as dizziness, nausea and difficulty breathing, and may even be life-threatening. Therefore, effective detection of TMA is crucial.

An efficient deep learning system for automatic detection of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Early and highly accurate detection of rapidly damaging deadly disease like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is essential for providing appropriate treatment to save valuable lives. Recent development in deep learning, particularly transfer learning, is gaining a preferred trend of research in medical image processing because of their admirable performance, even with small datasets. It inspires us to develop a novel deep learning-based leukemia detection system in which an efficient and lightweight MobileNetV2 is used in conjunction with ShuffleNet to boost discrimination ability and enhance the receptive field via convolution layer succession.

Wireless Sensor Network Coverage Optimization Using a Modified Marine Predator Algorithm.

To solve the coverage problem caused by the random deployment of wireless sensor network nodes in the forest fire-monitoring system, a modified marine predator algorithm (MMPA) is proposed. Four modifications have been made based on the standard marine predator algorithm (MPA). Firstly, tent mapping is integrated into the initialization step to improve the searching ability of the early stage.

High-performance ternary logic circuits and neural networks based on carbon nanotube source-gating transistors.

Multi-valued logics (MVLs) offer higher information density, reduced circuit and interconnect complexity, lower power dissipation, and faster speed over conventional binary logic system. Recent advancement in MVL research, particularly with emerging low-dimensional materials, suggests that breakthroughs may be imminent if multistates transistors can be fabricated controllably for large-scale integration. Here, a concept of source-gating transistors (SGTs) is developed and realized using carbon nanotubes (CNTs).

Network-based transfer of pan-cancer immunotherapy responses to guide breast cancer prognosis.

Breast cancer prognosis is complicated by tumor heterogeneity. Traditional methods focus on cancer-specific gene signatures, but cross-cancer strategies that provide deeper insights into tumor homogeneity are rarely used. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, results from variable responses across cancers, offering valuable prognostic insights.

Anomalous photovoltaics in Janus MoSSe monolayers.

The anomalous photovoltaic effect (APE) in polar crystals is a promising avenue for overcoming the energy conversion efficiency limits of conventional photoelectric devices utilizing p-n junction architectures. To facilitate effective photocarrier separation and enhance the APE, polar materials need to be thinned down to maximize the depolarization field. Here, we demonstrate Janus MoSSe monolayers (~0.

Plug-In Design of the Microneedle Electrode Array for Multi-Parameter Biochemical Sensing in Gouty Arthritis.

Gouty arthritis is one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis and has brought a significant burden on patients and society. Current strategies for managing gout primarily focus on long-term urate-lowering therapy. With the rapid advancement of point-of-care testing (POCT) technology, continuous monitoring of gout-related biomarkers like uric acid (UA) or inflammatory cytokines can provide rapid and personalized diagnosis for gout management.

Improved Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Through Long-Chain Phenylammonium Additives.

The addition of organic cationic iodides to form low-dimensional perovskite is an essential strategy for defect passivation in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Specially, the 2D/3D perovskite structure can combine the stability of 2D perovskite and the high charge transport performance of 3D perovskite. Here, we introduced phenylammonium hydroiodide salts with different alkyl chain lengths into PSCs precursor solution to research the influence on formation of perovskite thin films and the photovoltaic performance of PSCs.

Boosting skin cancer diagnosis accuracy with ensemble approach.

Skin cancer is common and deadly, hence a correct diagnosis at an early age is essential. Effective therapy depends on precise classification of the several skin cancer forms, each with special traits. Because dermoscopy and other sophisticated imaging methods produce detailed lesion images, early detection has been enhanced.

Advancements in Passive Wireless Sensing Systems in Monitoring Harsh Environment and Healthcare Applications.

Recent advancements in passive wireless sensor technology have significantly extended the application scope of sensing, particularly in challenging environments for monitoring industry and healthcare applications. These systems are equipped with battery-free operation, wireless connectivity, and are designed to be both miniaturized and lightweight. Such features enable the safe, real-time monitoring of industrial environments and support high-precision physiological measurements in confined internal body spaces and on wearable epidermal devices.

An off-chip platform for on-demand, single-target encapsulation for ultrasensitive biomarker detection.

Closed-channel microfluidic systems offer versatile on-chip capabilities for bioanalysis but often face complex fabrication and operational challenges. In contrast, free-boundary off-chip microfluidic platforms are relatively simple to fabricate and operate but lack the ability to perform complex tasks such as on-demand single-target sorting and encapsulation. To address these challenges, we develop an off-chip platform powered by a fluorescent-activated mechanical droplet sorting and production (FAM-DSP) system.