Establishing an end-to-end workflow for SNSPD fabrication and characterization.

The outstanding performance of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) has expanded their application areas from quantum technologies to astronomy, space communication, imaging, and LiDAR. As a result, there has been a surge in demand for these devices, that commercial products cannot readily meet. Consequently, more research and development efforts are being directed towards establishing in-house SNSPD manufacturing, leveraging existing nano-fabrication capabilities that can be customized and fine-tuned for specific needs.

Fast detection of protein kinase B in chrysin treated colorectal cancer cells using a novel multicore microfiber biosensor.

Rapid and accurate determination of target proteins in cells provide essential diagnostic information for early detection of diseases, evaluation of drug responses, and the study of pathophysiological mechanisms. Traditional Western blotting method has been used for the determination, but it is complex, time-consuming, and semi-quantitative. Here, a tapered seven-core fiber (TSCF) biosensor was designed and fabricated.

Scalable Top-Down Approach for Recycling Highly Degraded Spent LiFePO via Lattice Fragmentation-Regeneration.

Designing efficient, scalable, and eco-friendly recycling technologies is crucial for addressing the widespread decommissioning of spent lithium-ion batteries. Here, an innovative top-down regeneration method is introduced to rejuvenate highly degraded LiFePO. Initially, the crystal structure of spent LiFePO is destroyed via the oxidation process, followed by the reconstruction of the LiFePO lattice through the reduction process.

Crossing multiple life stages: fine-grained classification of agricultural pests.

Background: Pest infestation poses a major challenge in the field of global plant protection, seriously threatening crop safety. To enhance crop protection and optimize control strategies, this study is dedicated to the precise identification of various pests that harm crops, thereby ensuring the efficient use of agricultural pesticides and achieving optimal plant protection.

Results: Currently, pest identification technologies lack accuracy, especially in recognizing pests across different growth stages.

High-Performance InP Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with a NiO Nanoparticle-Embedded Hybrid Emissive Layer.

Quantum-dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are garnering significant attention owing to their superb optoelectrical properties, but the overinjection of electrons compared to holes into the emissive layer (EML) is still a critical obstacle to be resolved. Current approaches, such as inserting a charge-balancing interlayer and mixing p-type organic additives into the EML, face issues of process complexity and poor miscibility. In this work, we demonstrate efficient InP QLEDs by simply embedding NiO nanoparticles (NPs) into the EML which forms a homogeneous QD-metal oxide hybrid EML.

Gesture-Interactive Dynamic Holo-Display via Topography Flexible Metasurfaces.

Heading toward the next-generation intelligent optical device, the meta-optics active tunability is one of the most desirable properties to expand its versatility beyond the traditional optical devices. Despite its advances via various tunable approaches, the encoding freedom of tuning capability still critically restricts its widespread engagement and dynamics in real-life applications. Here, we present a gesture-interactive scheme by topography flexible metasurfaces (TFMs) to expand the encoding freedom for the tuning capability.

A versatile real-time vision-led runway localisation system for enhanced autonomy.

This paper proposes a solution to the challenging task of autonomously landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). An onboard computer vision module integrates the vision system with the ground control communication and video server connection. The vision platform performs feature extraction using the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF), followed by fast Structured Forests edge detection and then smoothing with a Kalman filter for accurate runway sidelines prediction.

WS/Graphene/MoS Sandwich van der Waals Heterojunction for Fast-Response Photodetectors.

Fast-response photodetectors have attracted considerable attention in the application of high-speed communication, real-time monitoring, and optical imaging systems. However, most reported photodetectors suffer from limitations of the inherent properties of materials, low carrier transport efficiency, and unmatched interfaces, which lead to a low response speed. Here, we report a WS/graphene/MoS vertical van der Waals heterojunction fabricated by mechanical exfoliation and dry transfer methods for fast response.

Hydrodynamic moiré superlattice.

The structural periodicity in photonic crystals guarantees the crystal's effective energy band structure, which is the fundamental cornerstone of topological and moiré physics. However, the shear modulus in most fluids is close to zero, which makes it challenging for fluids to maintain spatial periodicity akin to photonic crystals. We realized periodic vortices in hydrodynamic metamaterials and created a bilayer moiré superlattice by stacking and twisting two such vortex fluids.

Vehicle-to-Vehicle Flooding Datasets using MK5 On-board Unit Devices.

The availability of information is a key requirement for the proper functioning of any network. When the availability problem is brought to vehicular networks, it may hinder novel vehicular services and applications and potentially put human lives at risk, as malicious users can send a massive number of spurious packets to disrupt them. Although flooding attacks in vehicular contexts have been the focus of attention of the research community, most proposed datasets are generated using simulated data and only contain the modeled network's behavior.

Sticky Polyelectrolyte Shield for Enhancing Biological Half-Life of Growth Factors.

Delivery of secretomes, which includes growth factors, cytokines, and mRNA, is critical in regenerative medicine for cell-to-cell communication. However, the harsh in vivo environment presents significant challenges for secretome delivery. Proteolytic enzymes shorten secretomes' half-lives, and secretomes tend to rapidly diffuse at defect sites.

Geometry-Corrected Quadratic Optimization Algorithm for NDDO-Descendant Semiempirical Models.

The long-held assumption that the optimization of parameters for NDDO-descendant semiempirical methods may be performed without precise geometry optimization is assessed in detail; the relevant equations for the analytical evaluation of the geometry-corrected derivatives of molecular properties that account for changes in the optimum geometry are then presented. The first and second derivatives calculated from our implementation of MNDO are used for a limited reparameterization of 1,113 CHNO molecules taken from the PM7 training set, demonstrating an improvement over the PARAM program used in the optimization of parameters for the PMx methods.

Development of a Zynq-Based Seismic Acquisition Station for the Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Lakes.

The Antarctic region holds significant scientific research value and potential resources. Currently, limited research exists on the use of seismic exploration methods for Antarctic subglacial lakes compared to their use on other continents. Moreover, few reports are available on systems capable of multi-channel seismic data acquisition, remote data quality monitoring, and high-speed real-time data recycling in the extremely low temperatures of Antarctica.

Dense-TNT: Efficient Vehicle Type Classification Neural Network Using Satellite Imagery.

Accurate vehicle type classification plays a significant role in intelligent transportation systems. It is critical to understand the road conditions and usually contributive for the traffic light control system to respond correspondingly to alleviate traffic congestion. New technologies and comprehensive data sources, such as aerial photos and remote sensing data, provide richer and higher-dimensional information.

High-Entropy Electrolytes with High Disordered Solvation Structures for Ultra-Stable Zinc Metal Anodes.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are playing an increasingly important role in the field of energy storage. However, their practical applications are handicapped by severe dendrite formation and side reactions on zinc anodes. Herein, a low-concentration high-entropy (HE) electrolyte strategy is proposed to achieve high reversibility and ultra-durable zinc metal anode.

Colored thermal camouflage and anti-counterfeiting with programmable InSbTe platform.

Camouflage is an important technology in various scenarios. Usually, this involves the visible compatibility of the background, which however is facile under infrared thermal radiation detection. The simultaneous visible and thermal camouflage are challenging because it requires full and decoupled manipulations of visible reflection and infrared emissivity using one single device, let alone to its adaptivity to complex environments.

Dynamic control of the directional scattering of single Mie particle by laser induced metal insulator transitions.

Interference between the electric and magnetic dipole-induced in Mie nanostructures has been widely demonstrated to tailor the scattering field, which was commonly used in optical nano-antennas, filters, and routers. The dynamic control of scattering fields based on dielectric nanostructures is interesting for fundamental research and important for practical applications. Here, it is shown theoretically that the amplitude of the electric and magnetic dipoles induced in a vanadium dioxide nanosphere can be manipulated by using laser-induced metal-insulator transitions, and it is experimentally demonstrated that the directional scattering can be controlled by simply varying the irradiances of the excitation laser.

Observation of perovskite topological valley exciton-polaritons at room temperature.

Topological exciton-polaritons are a burgeoning class of topological photonic systems distinguished by their hybrid nature as part-light, part-matter quasiparticles. Their further control over novel valley degree of freedom (DOF) has offered considerable potential for developing active topological optical devices towards information processing. Here, employing a two-dimensional (2D) valley-Hall perovskite lattice, we report the experimental observation of valley-polarized topological exciton-polaritons and their valley-dependent propagations at room temperature.

A review of convolutional neural network based methods for medical image classification.

This study systematically reviews CNN-based medical image classification methods. We surveyed 149 of the latest and most important papers published to date and conducted an in-depth analysis of the methods used therein. Based on the selected literature, we organized this review systematically.

Strain-Engineered 2D Materials: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Perspectives.

Strain engineering is a powerful strategy that can strongly influence and tune the intrinsic characteristics of materials by incorporating lattice deformations. Due to atomically thin thickness, 2D materials are excellent candidates for strain engineering as they possess inherent mechanical flexibility and stretchability, which allow them to withstand large strains. The application of strain affects the atomic arrangement in the lattice of 2D material, which modify the electronic band structure.