Au-In Alloy for Excellent Ohmic Contact in GeSe Devices with Enhanced Photodetector Properties.

Metal-semiconductor contact plays a significant role in devices such as transistors, photoemitters, and photodetectors. Here, the AuIn alloy contact gives a state-of-the-art low (contact resistance) in GeSe devices. The of GeSe-AuIn is measured to be 25 kΩ μm under channel carrier concentration around = 2.

Challenges for switching central nervous system and psychiatric medication products: A review of the literature.

Background: Switching between versions of medication products happens commonly despite challenges in achieving bioequivalence and therapeutic equivalence. Central nervous system and psychiatric drugs, especially those that are technically demanding to manufacture and have complex pharmacokinetic properties, such as long-acting injectables (LAIs), pose particular challenges to bioequivalence and safe and efficacious drug switching.

Aims: To assess whether drugs deemed "bioequivalent" are truly interchangeable in drug switching.

Shape-tailored semiconductor dot-in-rods: optimizing CdS-shell growth for enhanced chiroptical properties the rationalization of the role of temperature and time.

Colloidal chemistry provides an assortment of synthetic tools for tuning the shape of semiconductor nanocrystals. To fully exploit the shape- and structure-dependent properties of semiconductor nanorods, high-precision control on growth and design is essential. However, achieving this precision is highly challenging due to the high temperatures (>350 °C) and short reaction times (<8 minutes) often required for these reactions.

High-performance boron nitride/graphene oxide composites modified with sodium thiosulfate for energy storage applications.

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid materials, particularly those based on boron nitride (BN) and graphene oxide (GO), have attracted significant attention for energy applications owing to their distinct structural and electronic properties. BN/GO composites uniquely combine the mechanical strength, thermal stability and electrical insulation of BN with the high conductivity and flexibility of GO, creating advanced materials ideal for the fabrication of batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells. These hybrids offer synergistic effects, enhanced charge transport, increased surface area, and improved chemical stability, making them promising candidates for high-performance energy systems.

Unlocking High-Throughput Plasma-Catalytic Low-Temperature Oxidation of -Hexane over Single-Atom Ag/MnO Catalysts.

The total oxidation of -hexane, a hazardous volatile organic compound (VOC) emitted by the pharmaceutical industry, presents a significant environmental challenge due to limited catalyst activity at low temperatures and poor stability at high temperatures. Here, we present a novel approach that overcomes these limitations by employing single-atom Ag/MnO catalysts coupled with nonthermal plasma (NTP). This strategy achieves exceptional performance in -hexane oxidation at low temperatures, demonstrating 96.

Hybridized triboelectric nanogenerators for simultaneously scavenging droplet and wind energies.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted great attention due to the simple manufacturing process, low cost, and diverse forms of energy harvesting. However, the energy collected by individual TENG is relatively limited, making it necessary to develop new method to enhance the energy harvesting capability of TENG. Here, we design a hybridized TENG that integrates a droplet-driven TENG and a wind-driven TENG, which exhibits excellent electrical performance.

Implementation of multiple soliton state fiber laser using a promising saturable absorber of silver indium phosphorus sulfide.

Based on the nonlinear broadband saturation absorption, ultrafast carrier recovery rate, and ultrashort recovery time of new low dimensional materials, ultrafast photonics has rapidly developed as an interdisciplinary field. We have demonstrated multiple solitons state output in an erbium-doped fiber laser based on saturable absorption characteristic of AgInPS. By preparing AgInPS with a modulation depth of 10.

Evaluation of the Catalytic Effect of Metal Additives on the Performance of a Combined Battery and Electrolyzer System.

A low-cost method of green hydrogen production via the modification of a lead acid battery has been achieved, resulting in a hydrogen flow rate of 5.3 L min from a 20-cell string. The electrochemical behavior and catalytic effect of various metal additives on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry.

Experimental Verification on Steering Flight of Honeybee by Electrical Stimulation.

The artificial locomotion control strategy is the fundamental technique to ensure the accomplishment of the preset assignments for cyborg insects. The existing research has recognized that the electrical stimulation applied to the optic lobes was an appropriate flight control strategy for small insects represented by honeybee. This control technique has been confirmed to be effective for honeybee flight initiation and cessation.

A Manta Ray-Inspired Biosyncretic Robot with Stable Controllability by Dynamic Electric Stimulation.

Biosyncretic robots, which are new nature-based robots in addition to bionic robots, that utilize biological materials to realize their core function, have been supposed to further promote the progress in robotics. Actuation as the main operation mechanism relates to the robotic overall performance. Therefore, biosyncretic robots actuated by living biological actuators have attracted increasing attention.

Artificial intelligence across oncology specialties: current applications and emerging tools.

Oncology is becoming increasingly personalised through advancements in precision in diagnostics and therapeutics, with more and more data available on both ends to create individualised plans. The depth and breadth of data are outpacing our natural ability to interpret it. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides a solution to ingest and digest this data deluge to improve detection, prediction and skill development.

Incremental shape integration with inter-frame shape consistency using neural SDF for a 3D endoscopic system.

3D measurement for endoscopic systems has been largely demanded. One promising approach is to utilize active-stereo systems using a micro-sized pattern-projector attached to the head of an endoscope. Furthermore, a multi-frame integration is also desired to enlarge the reconstructed area.

A backtracking heuristic algorithm for two-dimensional strip packing with rotation.

A backtracking heuristic algorithm (BHA) was proposed for a two-dimensional rectangular strip packing problem with rotations and without guillotine cutting, which has many applications. An improved fitness strategy was used to select the fittest rectangle to be packed on a strip with a certain height. Next, a backtracking constructive heuristic was repeatedly used at a higher height until all the rectangles were packed.

Multi-target neural circuit reconstruction and enhancement in spinal cord injury.

After spinal cord injury, impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor, sensory, proprioceptive, and autonomic nervous systems. Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions, combined with the limitations of current methods. To address these challenges, various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.

Biomimetic polydopamine loaded with janus kinase inhibitor for synergistic vitiligo therapy via hydrogel microneedles.

Background: Both oxidative stress and autoimmune responses play crucial roles in the development of vitiligo. Under oxidative stress, the apoptotic melanocytes expose self-antigens and release high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), triggering autoimmune activation and recruiting CD8 T cells. This process further leads to the destruction of melanocytes, resulting in the lack of melanin granules.

Stable quantum droplets with high-order vorticity in zero-order Bessel lattice.

A theoretical framework is presented to investigate the stability of novel two-dimensional quantum droplets within zeroth-order Bessel lattices. The evolution of quantum droplets is studied by the Gross-Pitaevskii equations with Lee-Huang-Yang corrections. The circular groove structure inherent in the zeroth-order Bessel lattice potential facilitates the formation of distinct configurations, including stable zero-vorticity annular quantum droplets and annular quantum droplets featuring embedded vorticity.

Versatile waste sorting in small batch and flexible manufacturing industries using deep learning techniques.

The expansion of LEAN and small batch manufacturing demands flexible automated workstations capable of switching between sorting various wastes over time. To address this challenge, our study is focused on assessing the ability of the Segment Anything Model (SAM) family of deep learning architectures to separate highly variable objects during robotic waste sorting. The proposed two-step procedure for generic versatile visual waste sorting is based on the SAM architectures (original SAM, FastSAM, MobileSAMv2, and EfficientSAM) for waste object extraction from raw images, and the use of classification architecture (MobileNetV2, VGG19, Dense-Net, Squeeze-Net, ResNet, and Inception-v3) for accurate waste sorting.

High sensitivity flexible strain sensor for motion monitoring based on MWCNT@MXene and silicone rubber.

Research on flexible strain sensors has grown rapidly and is widely applied in the fields of soft robotics, body motion detection, wearable sensors, health monitoring, and sports. In this study, MXene was successfully synthesized in powder form and combined with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) to develop MWCNT@MXene conductive network-based flexible strain sensors with silicone rubber (SR) substrate. Combining MWCNTs with MXene as a conductive material has been shown to significantly improve the sensor performance, due to MXene's high conductivity properties that strengthen the MWCNT conductive pathway, increase sensitivity, and improve sensor stability.

Digital twin driven electrode optimization for wearable bladder monitoring via bioimpedance.

Monitoring fluid intake and output for congestive heart failure (CHF) patients is an essential tool to prevent fluid overload, a principal cause of hospital admissions. Addressing this, bladder volume measurement systems utilizing bioimpedance and electrical impedance tomography have been proposed, with limited exploration of continuous monitoring within a wearable design. Advancing this format, we developed a conductivity digital twin from radiological data, where we performed exhaustive simulations to optimize electrode sensitivity on an individual basis.

Forecasting of virtual power plant generating and energy arbitrage economics in the electricity market using machine learning approach.

Over time, the importance of virtual power plants (VPP) has markedly risen to seamlessly incorporate the sporadic nature of renewable energy sources into the existing smart grid framework. Simultaneously, there is a growing need for advanced forecasting methods to bolster the grid's stability, flexibility, and dispatchability. This paper presents a dual-pronged, innovative approach to maximize income in the day-ahead power market through VPP.

A thin, wideband transmissive cross polarization converter.

This study presents a very thin wideband linear polarization converter in transmission mode with near-unity conversion efficiency. The suggested converter consists of a periodic array on a single-layer substrate, two metallic layers and six vias. Metallic vias connect the upper and lower layers of the construction.

Cross-talk-free, high extinction ratio, and ultra-compact all‑optical 4 × 2 encoder using graphene-based plasmonic waveguides.

This paper presents an all-optical 4 × 2 encoder based on graphene-plasmonic waveguides for operation in the wavelength range of 8-12 μm. The basic plasmonic waveguide consists of a silicon (Si) strip and a graphene sheet supported by two dielectric ridges. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are stimulated in the spatial gap between the graphene sheet and the Si strip.

MMFW-UAV dataset: multi-sensor and multi-view fixed-wing UAV dataset for air-to-air vision tasks.

We present an air-to-air multi-sensor and multi-view fixed-wing UAV dataset, MMFW-UAV, in this work. MMFW-UAV contains a total of 147,417 fixed-wing UAVs images captured by multiple types of sensors (zoom, wide-angle, and thermal imaging sensors), displaying the flight status of fixed-wing UAVs of different sizes, appearances, structures, and stabilized flight velocities from multiple aerial perspectives (top-down, horizontal, and bottom-up views), aiming to cover the full-range of perspectives with multi-modal image data. Quality control processes of semi-automatic annotation, manual check, and secondary refinement are performed on each image.

Methylammonium-free, high-efficiency, and stable all-perovskite tandem solar cells enabled by multifunctional rubidium acetate.

All-perovskite tandem solar cells (APTSCs) offer the potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells at low cost. However, high-performance APTSCs contain unstable methylammonium (MA) cation in the tin-lead (Sn-Pb) narrow bandgap subcells. Currently, MA-free Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show lower performance compared with their MA-containing counterparts.

Monolithic electrostatic actuators with independent stiffness modulation.

Robotic artificial muscles, inspired by the adaptability of biological muscles, outperform rigid robots in dynamic environments due to their flexibility. However, the intrinsic compliance of the soft actuators restricts force transmission capacity and dynamic response. Biological muscle modulates their stiffness and damping, varying viscoelastic properties and force in interaction with the surroundings.