Occurrence and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the leachate of a municipal solid waste landfill in Tehran, Iran (a Middle-eastern megacity).

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are present in a variety of products that are disposed in landfills as waste and end up in landfill leachate which cause severe problems. The primary aim of this study was to detect PFAS in generated leachate in different sections of a process and disposal complex (called Aradkuh) located in Tehran, Iran. Due to techno economic limitations of measuring PFAS in Iran and easiness of measuring physicochemical parameters to determine PFAS concentration as well as better understanding of the mechanisms of these substances releases from landfills, this research aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between these parameters in landfill leachate.

Selective activation of mesoscale functional circuits via multichannel infrared stimulation of cortical columns in ultra-high-field 7T MRI.

To restore vision in the blind, advances in visual cortical prosthetics (VCPs) have offered high-channel-count electrical interfaces. Here, we design a 100-fiber optical bundle interface apposed to known feature-specific (color, shape, motion, and depth) functional columns that populate the visual cortex in humans, primates, and cats. Based on a non-viral optical stimulation method (INS, infrared neural stimulation; 1,875 nm), it can deliver dynamic patterns of stimulation, is non-penetrating and non-damaging to tissue, and is movable and removable.

Design and synthesis of fluorinated polyimides with low thermal expansion and enhanced dielectric properties.

Modern microelectronics industries urgently require dielectric materials with low thermal expansion coefficients, low dielectric constants, and minimal dielectric loss. However, the design principles of materials with low dielectric constants and low thermal expansion are contradictory. In this study, a new diamine monomer containing a dibenzocyclooctadiene unit (DBCOD-NH) was designed and synthesized, which was subsequently polymerized with high fluorine content 4,4'-hexafluoroisopr-opylidene diphthalic anhydride and 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bis(trifleoromethyl)biphenyl to obtain a series of fluorinated polyimides (PIs).

Metagenomic insights into efficiency and mechanism of antibiotic resistome reduction by electronic mediators-enhanced microbial electrochemical system.

Electronic mediators are an effective means of enhancing the efficiency of microbial electrochemical electron transfer; however, there are still gaps in understanding the strengthening mechanisms and the efficiency of removing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). This study systematically elucidates the effects of various electron mediators on bioelectrochemical processes, electron transfer efficiency, and the underlying mechanisms that inhibit ARG propagation within sediment microbial fuel cell systems (SMFCs). The results indicate that the addition of electron mediators significantly increased the output voltage (33.

Household energy transition and its crucial role in saving infant lives in developing countries.

This study estimates the impact of reducing household solid fuel dependence on the infant mortality rate (IMR) in developing countries, where traditional solid fuels such as firewood and coal are widely used. Utilizing panel data from 76 developing countries over the period 1990 to 2020, our findings indicate that IMR drops substantially as household reliance on solid fuels decreases. A 1% reduction in per capita solid fuel consumption is linked to an average 0.

bneR: A collaborative workflow for air pollution exposure modeling and uncertainty characterization using the Bayesian Nonparametric Ensemble.

Background: Air pollution is a major public health threat globally. Health studies, regulatory actions, and policy evaluations typically rely on air pollutant concentrations from single exposure models, assuming accurate estimations and ignoring related uncertainty. We developed a modeling framework, bneR, to apply the Bayesian Nonparametric Ensemble (BNE) prediction model that combines existing exposure models as inputs to provide air pollution estimates and their spatio-temporal uncertainty.

A hybrid model for carbon price forecasting based on SSA-NSTransformer: Considering the role of multi-stage carbon reduction targets.

In order to reduce the unpredictability of carbon prices caused by their increasingly prominent environmental and market attributes, and to minimize their negative impact on carbon trading, further research on forecasting models for carbon price is urgently needed. To improve the accuracy of prediction, this paper proposes a carbon price forecasting method based on SSA-NSTransformer. The method includes four main steps: Firstly, decomposition of carbon price signals, using Singular Spectrum Analysis to remove noise signals; Secondly, analysis of influencing factors, using Random Forest to identify and select key influencing factors of carbon price signal components from energy price, financial market, socio-economic, and environmental aspects; Furthermore, influencing factors prediction, considering the impact of different carbon reduction targets and predicting future trends of influencing factors; And finally, carbon price prediction, considering the impact of factors based on multi-stage carbon reduction targets, using Non-stationary Transformer to predict the signal components of carbon prices, reconstructing the carbon price time series, and testing the model accuracy.

Electromagnetism and thermostability of CrCsynthesised with high-temperature and high-pressure quenching method.

The interactions between the carbon skeleton and the metal atoms of a binary transition metal carbide (BTMC) are particular interest for industrial applications with openning physics and chemitry questions, especially in magnetoelectric (ME) functional materials and cemented carbides. Chromium and carbon BTMCs are a series of intermetallic compounds with typical chemical formulas and sharepolycrystalline powder c somehromium special characteristics.and carbon as precursors, In this paper,and synthesized s we usedingle-phase bluk Cr7C3 (orthorhombic, with space group: Pnma) with high density and good crystallinity by means of high-temperature and high-pressure quenching method (HTHPQM).

Probing the magnetic ground state of stretched diamond lattices NdTaO4 and NdNbO4: Impact of spin-orbit coupling and crystal electric field.

Magnetic systems, wherein competing degree of freedoms arising from spin orbit coupling and crystal electric field lead to non-trivial magnetic ground states, remains in the forefront of research in condensed matter physics. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation on three-dimensional rare-earth based spin systems NdTaO4 and NdNbO4, where the Nd ions sit on a stretched diamond lattice. No signatures of long-range ordering and spin freezing are observed down to 1.

Enhancing the ferroelectric performance of HfZrOfilms by optimizing the incorporation of Al dopant.

HfO-based ferroelectric (FE) thin films have gained considerable interest for memory applications due to their excellent properties. However, HfO₂-based FE films face significant reliability challenges, especially the wake-up and fatigue effects, which hinder their practical application. In this work, we fabricated 13.

Multiplex Detection and Quantification of Virus Co-Infections Using Label-free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Deep Learning Algorithms.

Multiple respiratory viruses can concurrently or sequentially infect the respiratory tract, making their identification crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and disease management. We present a label-free diagnostic platform integrating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with deep learning for rapid, quantitative detection of respiratory virus coinfections. Using sensitive silica-coated silver nanorod array substrates, over 1.

Cu Site-Enhanced Adsorption and Crown Ether-Reconfigured Interfacial DO Promote Electrocatalytic Dehalogenative Deuteration.

Electrocatalytic dehalogenative deuteration is a sustainable method for precise deuteration, whereas its Faradaic efficiency (FE) is limited by a high overpotential and severe D evolution reaction (DER). Here, Cu site-adjusted adsorption and crown ether-reconfigured interfacial DO are reported to cooperatively increase the FE of dehalogenative deuteration up to 84% at -100 mA cm. Cu sites strengthen the adsorption of aryl iodides, promoting interfacial mass transfer and thus accelerating the kinetics toward dehalogenative deuteration.

Identification of diabetic retinopathy lesions in fundus images by integrating CNN and vision mamba models.

Diabetic retinopathy, a retinal disorder resulting from diabetes mellitus, is a prominent cause of visual degradation and loss among the global population. Therefore, the identification and classification of diabetic retinopathy are of utmost importance in the clinical diagnosis and therapy. Currently, these duties are extensively carried out by manual examination utilizing the human visual system.

Numerical analysis of sodium diffusion in aluminum electrolysis cathode carbon blocks based on a microstructure multi-factor corrected model.

Current researches on sodium penetration in electrolytic aluminum cathode carbon blocks primarily measure cathode expansion curves, showing mostly macroscopic characteristics. However, the microscopic structure is often underexplored. As a porous medium, the diffusion performance of cathode carbon blocks is closely tied to their internal pore structure.

High-Conductivity, Self-Healing, and Adhesive Ionic Hydrogels for Health Monitoring and Human-Machine Interactions Under Extreme Cold Conditions.

Ionic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) are emerging as key materials for advanced human-machine interactions and health monitoring systems due to their unique combination of flexibility, biocompatibility, and electrical conductivity. However, a major challenge remains in developing ICHs that simultaneously exhibit high ionic conductivity, self-healing, and strong adhesion, particularly under extreme low-temperature conditions. In this study, a novel ICH composed of sulfobetaine methacrylate, methacrylic acid, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers, sodium alginate, and lithium chloride is presented.

Finite element modeling of clavicle fracture fixations: a systematic scoping review.

Finite element analysis has become indispensable for biomechanical research on clavicle fractures. This review summarized evidence regarding configurations and applications of finite element analysis in clavicle fracture fixation. Seventeen articles involving 22 clavicles were synthesized from CINAHL, Embase, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.

Unveiling pterion variability: a meta-analytic approach to enhance neurosurgical precision.

Purpose: This meta-analytical systematic review aims at investigating the variability of the pterion, focusing on its morphological types and precise distances from various bony landmarks. Additionally, the neurosurgical significance of this critical cranial landmark is examined in depth.

Methods: The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 and Evidence-based Anatomy Workgroup guidelines for anatomical studies.

Open-Source Large Language Models in Radiology: A Review and Tutorial for Practical Research and Clinical Deployment.

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into health care holds substantial potential to enhance clinical workflows and care delivery. However, LLMs also pose serious risks if integration is not thoughtfully executed, with complex challenges spanning accuracy, accessibility, privacy, and regulation. Proprietary commercial LLMs (eg, GPT-4 [OpenAI], Claude 3 Sonnet and Claude 3 Opus [Anthropic], Gemini [Google]) have received much attention from researchers in the medical domain, including radiology.

Structural and electronic transition of layered PtSe into non-layered PtSe.

Research into novel two-dimensional (2D) materials has boomed over the past decade, with a bewildering diversity of distinct properties being discovered. In this work, layered PtSe, grown by chemical vapor deposition and thermally converted to non-layered tetragonal PtSe, is experimentally and theoretically investigated. Notably, the resultant PtSe is distinctly metallic, which highlights the significance of sub-stoichiometric phases within transition metal dichalcogenide films.

Metasurface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Enhanced with Dual Gold Nanoparticles for the Ultrasensitive Quantitative Detection of C-Reactive Protein.

The pursuit of cutting-edge diagnostic systems capable of detecting biomarkers with exceptional sensitivity and precision is crucial for the timely and accurate monitoring of inflammatory responses. In this study, we introduce a dual gold nanoparticle-enhanced metasurface plasmon resonance (Bi-MSPR) biosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of C-reactive protein (CRP). The Bi-MSPR sensor is constructed upon a nanocup array chip with gradient-free electron density, where an innovative metasurface structure is built using a PEI-immobilized dual-gold nanoparticle amplification system.

Measurement of multidifferential cross sections for dijet production in proton-proton collisions at .

A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 at by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3 . Jets are reconstructed with the anti- algorithm for distance parameters of and 0.

A Non-invasive Lung Disease Study of Exhaled Breath Nitric Oxide Based on Ultraviolet Differential Absorption Spectroscopy Techniques.

In this study, a non-invasive device based on ultraviolet differential absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) technology for detecting fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)was developed and clinically validated in patients with various lung diseases. The diagnostic potential of FeNO was explored by analysing subgroups of patients with lung cancer, nodules, and other disease. The results showed that FeNO concentrations were significantly higher in patients with malignant tumours than in healthy controls (p < 0.

Inhibition of HMGA2 binding to AT-rich DNA by its negatively charged C-terminus.

The mammalian high mobility group protein AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a small DNA-binding protein that specifically targets AT-rich DNA sequences. Structurally, HMGA2 is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), comprising three positively charged 'AT-hooks' and a negatively charged C-terminus. HMGA2 can form homodimers through electrostatic interactions between its 'AT-hooks' and C-terminus.

Amplifying Electron-Donor Signal of the "Water Gate" Enabled Low Detection Ability of a Field-Effect Transistor-Based Humidity Sensor.

Low humidity detection down to the parts per million level is urgently demanded in various industrial applications. The hardly detected tiny electrical signal variations caused by a very small amount of water adsorption are one of the intrinsic reasons that restrain the detection limit of the humidity sensors. Herein, a carbon-based field-effect transistor (FET) humidity sensor utilizing adsorbed water as the dual function of a sensing gate and analyte was proposed.

Soft coral Lobophytum crassum extract inhibits migration and induces apoptosis capabilities in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Background/purpose: The extract of the soft coral has shown an anti-cancer activity in various cancer cells. However, its effect on the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell (OSCC) lines remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-cancer effects of the extract of (C127) on the OSCC cells.