Back to basics: Practical strategies to reduce sensory overstimulation in the emergency department identified by adults and caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Introduction: Sensory overstimulation of autistic patients of all ages during an ED visit can ultimately lead to care escalation, but few studies have evaluated patient perspectives on improving the ED sensory experience across the age continuum. The purpose of this study was to explore patient-centered perspectives on reducing adult and pediatric autistic patients' sensory stimulation during an ED visit.

Methods: We used a qualitative descriptive design to explore how autistic patients experience sensory disruption and recommendations to improve care.

Perspectives of researchers engaging in majority world research to promote diverse and global psychological science.

Journal analyses have documented the historical neglect of research pertaining to the Majority World in psychological science, and the need for inclusivity is clearly articulated to ensure a science that is comprehensive and globally applicable. However, no systematic efforts have explored the perspectives of researchers working with Majority World communities regarding the challenges they experience in conducting and disseminating research and ways to address them. Our aim was to explore these challenges from the perspective of these researchers using an embedded mixed-methods design.

Autism intervention meta-analysis of early childhood studies (Project AIM): updated systematic review and secondary analysis.

Objective: To summarize the breadth and quality of evidence supporting commonly recommended early childhood autism interventions and their estimated effects on developmental outcomes.

Design: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis (autism intervention meta-analysis; Project AIM).

Data Sources: A search was conducted in November 2021 (updating a search done in November 2017) of the following databases and registers: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus with full text, Education Source, Educational Administration Abstracts, ERIC, Medline, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and SocINDEX with full text, , and ClinicalTrials.

DWELL: Design for WELLness. A pilot study of an online Facebook intervention to improve perceptions of knowledge, engagement, and self-efficacy in the creation of healthy home environments.

Background: Many factors in the environment influence healthy behaviors. Designing user-friendly environments, by changing the way choices are presented in the environment, may result in behavioral changes and promote the well-being.

Objectives: To run a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of DWELL (Design for WELLness), which is an online Facebook intervention to improve perceptions of knowledge, engagement, and self-efficacy in the creation of healthy home environments.

The Mental Health Costs of Online Heterosexism Among LGBTQ+ Individuals: Development and Initial Validation of the Perceived Online Heterosexism Scale.

Experiences of heterosexism are rampant online, where bias and harassment against LGBTQ+ individuals spread conveniently and widely. Yet, research has been limited in understanding the exposure to online heterosexism among LGBTQ+ individuals partly due to the lack of a quantitative measure to advance this research. Thus, the current study developed and examined the psychometric properties of the Perceived Online Heterosexism Scale (POHS).

Introduction to the Special Issue on Innovations and Applications of Integrative Data Analysis (IDA) and Related Data Harmonization Procedures in Prevention Science.

This paper serves as an introduction to the special issue of Prevention Science entitled, "Innovations and Applications of Integrative Data Analysis (IDA) and Related Data Harmonization Procedures in Prevention Science." This special issue includes a collection of original papers from multiple disciplines that apply individual-level data synthesis methodologies, including IDA, individual participant meta-analysis, and other related methods to harmonize and integrate multiple datasets from intervention trials of the same or similar interventions. This work builds on a series of papers appearing in a prior Prevention Science special issue, entitled "Who Benefits from Programs to Prevent Adolescent Depression?" (Howe, Pantin, & Perrino, 2018).

Patterns of Polydrug Use Classes Among a Subset of Latino Male Seasonal Workers in South Florida: A Latent Class Analysis.

Background: Little is known about polydrug use among Latino seasonal farmworkers. This cross-sectional study with male Latino seasonal workers (LSWs) living in South Florida categorized distinct classes of drug use and then characterized each drug use typology by demographic, structural, and psychological factors.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-five male LSWs were recruited during community events using convenience sampling between July 2019-March 2020.

Improving Knowledge, Engagement, and Self-Efficacy in the Creation of Healthy Home Environments for Mothers Using a Facebook Intervention (Design for Wellness): Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Designing the home environment can promote well-being. Social networks provide learning opportunities to improve health.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a Facebook intervention called Design for Wellness (DWELL).

at home: Examining the interactional resources of a bilingual autistic child.

Daily language interactions predict child outcomes. For multilingual families who rear neurodiverse children and who may be minoritized for their language use, a dearth of research examines families' daily language interactions. Utilizing a language socialization framework and a case study methodology, 4,991 English and Spanish utterances from a 5-year old autistic child and his family were collected during naturally occurring interactions over 10 days.

Community-Engaged Research With Latino Dementia Caregivers: Overcoming Challenges in Community Advisory Board Development.

Background And Objectives: Latinos caring for a person with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have the highest prevalence of caregiving. Yet, they are less likely to benefit from evidence-based interventions given their continued underrepresentation in ADRD-related research. Community advisory boards (CABs) have the potential to address barriers to research for underrepresented communities; however, there are complexities to establishing and sustaining CABs.

Measuring the cost-effectiveness of a home-visiting intervention to promote early child development among rural families linked to the Rwandan social protection system.

Early childhood development (ECD) programmes are heralded as a way to improve children's health and educational outcomes. However, few studies in developing countries calculate the effectiveness of quality early childhood interventions. This study estimates the cost and cost-effectiveness of the Sugira Muryango (SM) trial, a home-visiting intervention to improve ECD outcomes through positive parent-child relationships.

Stress Intensity and Exhaustion Among Infant and Toddler Teachers: Descriptive Analysis and Associations with Sources of Stress and Coping Strategy Use.

Unlabelled: This study described infant/toddler teachers' (N = 106) perceptions of stress intensity and exhaustion (emotional, physical, mental) intensity. We examined the associations between stress and exhaustion and teachers' reports of stress sources and coping strategy use. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), teachers from Early Head Start (EHS), EHS childcare-partnerships, or independent childcare programs (midwestern U.

Impact of high-intensity interval hyperpnea on aerobic energy release and inspiratory muscle fatigue.

Respiratory muscle endurance training reportedly has beneficial effects on whole-body endurance performance. We produced a novel high-intensity interval (HII) protocol and characterized the associated physiological responses and respiratory muscle fatigue. Peak oxygen uptake of respiratory muscle (V̇O2peakRM) was estimated during the respiratory incremental test.

Sex differences in the effects of inorganic nitrate supplementation on exercise economy and endurance capacity in healthy young adults.

Dietary nitrate (NO) is a widely used supplement purported to provide beneficial effects during exercise. Most studies to date include predominantly males. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate if there is a sex-dependent effect of NO supplementation on exercise outcomes.

The representation of child-parent relation: validation of the Italian version of the child-parent relationship scale (CPRS-I).

This study proposes a psychometric validation of the Italian version of the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) developed by Pianta in 1992. Based on attachment theory, the scale assesses parents' relationship perceptions with their own child and comprises three scales: Closeness, Conflict, and Dependency. A sample of 501 parents (188 fathers and 313 mothers) completed 30 items of the Italian version of the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS-I) online, but only 437 answered 85% of the entire protocol; hence, the analyses only focused on 437 participants.

The acute effects of exercise intensity and inorganic nitrate supplementation on vascular health in females after menopause.

Menopause is associated with reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and vascular function. Although exercise is known to improve vascular function, this is blunted in estrogen-deficient females post-menopause (PM). Here, we examined the effects of acute exercise at differing intensities with and without inorganic nitrate (NO) supplementation on vascular function in females PM.

Anti-ableism and scientific accuracy in autism research: a false dichotomy.

It was recently argued that autism researchers committed to rejecting ableist frameworks in their research may sacrifice "scientifically accurate" conceptualizations of autism. In this perspective piece, we argue that: (a) anti-ableism vs. scientific accuracy is a false dichotomy, (b) there is no ideology-free science that has claim to scientific accuracy, and (c) autism science has a history of false leads in part because of unexamined ableist ideologies that undergird researcher framings and interpretations of evidence.

Epigenetic modification of the oxytocin receptor gene is associated with child-parent neural synchrony during competition.

Interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) occurs when neural electrical activity temporally aligns between individuals during social interactions. It has been used as a metric for interpersonal closeness, often during naturalistic child-parent interactions. This study evaluated whether other biological correlates of social processing predicted the prevalence of INS during child-parent interactions, and whether their observed cooperativity modulated this association.

Limited Effects of Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Training Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Inorganic nitrate (NO) supplementation is purported to benefit short-term exercise performance, but it is unclear whether NO improves longer-term exercise training responses (such as improvements in VO or time to exhaustion (TTE)) versus exercise training alone. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effects of NO supplementation combined with exercise training on VO and TTE, and to identify potential factors that may impact outcomes.

Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Medscape, and Web of Science) were searched for articles published through June 2022 with article inclusion determined a priori as: (1) randomized placebo-controlled trials, (2) exercise training lasted at least three weeks, (3) treatment groups received identical exercise training, (4) treatment groups had matched VO at baseline.

Evaluation of a new intrinsic and extrinsic motivation scale in youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms.

Background: Impairment in intrinsic motivation (IM), the drive to satisfy internal desires like mastery, may play a key role in disability in psychosis. However, we have limited knowledge regarding relative impairments in IM compared to extrinsic motivation (EM) or general motivation (GM), in part due to limitations in existing measures.

Methods: Here we address this gap using a novel Trait Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation self-report scale in a sample of n = 243 participants including those with schizophrenia, psychosis-risk, and healthy controls.

Family Matters: The Effects of Multigenerational Community Violence Exposure on Family Functioning.

Exposure to community violence is known to be associated with a host of maladaptive outcomes in both youth and adult populations. Though frequently examined in other interpersonal violence literature, family functioning has yet to be examined as an outcome in community violence literature. The current study begins to address this need by exploring the impact of parent and child's exposure to community violence on parents' perception of family functioning.

Effects of a Virtually Delivered Reading and Embedded Mindset Intervention on Reading Performance for Fourth-Grader Struggling Readers.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a virtual intensive reading intervention embedded with mindset training compared to typical reading instruction in a business-as-usual (BAU) condition delivered to fourth grade students with or at-risk for reading disabilities. After screening, the 59 participants were stratified and assigned randomly to condition. Highly trained interventionists delivered the intervention one-to-one with high fidelity and student engagement during the intensive intervention.