Association Between Postpartum Depression and Personality Traits Among Japanese Postpartum Mothers and Fathers.

: Although numerous investigations have been conducted on postpartum depression, studies on the association between postpartum depression and personality traits of mothers and fathers are lacking. This study aimed to examine the association between postpartum depression and the Big Five personality models among Japanese mothers and fathers at one-month health check-ups. : The participants were 82 couples, and they responded to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Japanese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory, and the Quality of Marriage Index (QMI).

Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity related to intramyocellular lipid in young but not in older individuals.

Skeletal muscles contain lipids inside and outside cells, namely intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipids (EMCL), respectively; lipids have also been found to be interspersed between these muscles as adipose tissue, namely intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). Metabolized IMCL has been recognized as an important substrate for energy production and their metabolism is determined by the muscle oxidative capacity. Therefore, it has been speculated that muscle oxidative capacity is related to muscle lipid content.

Changing practices, procedures, and perceptions: A multi-year person-centered planning initiative in group homes for residents with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Person-centered planning has been shown to benefit people with disabilities and their quality of life. However, we have little knowledge of how person-centered planning can benefit staff and administration within a group home organization, as well as the extent to which it results in changes to organizational practices and procedures, as well as perceptions of people with disabilities. In this qualitative study, we explored the perspectives of organizational employees, an affiliating behavioral consultant, and residents with intellectual and developmental disabilities, taking into consideration key insights from person-centered planning consultant-coaches, to understand the effects of a person-centered planning initiative on the group home organization.

Addressing Methodological Challenges in Follow-Up RCTs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of the Good Behavior Game and MyTeachingPartner™ on Teacher Burnout and Self-Efficacy.

Retention of early career teachers is a critical issue in education, with burnout and self-efficacy serving as important precursors to teachers leaving the field. An integration of the PAX Good Behavior Game (GBG; Barrish et al., 1969) and MyTeachingPartner (MTP; Allen et al.

Navigating immigrant paths: A case study of unaccompanied youth in foster care.

Understanding the experiences of unaccompanied youths in refugee foster care is important to tailor such systems to support the complex needs and desires of these youth. This instrumental case study sought to understand how a cohort of unaccompanied refugee youth experience refugee foster care as they navigate the "in-betweenness" of adolescence. Eight youth (ages 17-21) from Guatemala and Honduras, nine foster parents, and two staff were interviewed.

Digital Determinants: The Inclusion of Social Media in Health Conceptualization.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are vital components to helping address health equity and the social and economic factors that impact health and health outcomes. Two important aspects of SDOH to consider are informational access and accuracy. In an era increasingly influenced by digital platforms, this study delves into the significant role of social media as an SDOH.

Mixed methods systematic review: Using a cultural validity assessment to evaluate prevention programs for Indigenous students.

Implementing culturally appropriate school-based prevention programs with Indigenous students that leverage culture as a protective factor has the potential to revitalize and sustain cultural connections that have historically and systematically been destroyed in the United States. However, there is a dearth of literature synthesizing the effectiveness of school-based prevention programs that have been implemented with Indigenous students across contexts. As such, we conducted a mixed method systematic review to (a) evaluate school-based prevention programs with quantitative and/or qualitative data, (b) assess the use of Indigenous research methods, and (c) examine cultural and community validity.

Relationships between trunk tissue distribution, metabolic risk factors and physical performance in young people-A pilot study.

The present study examined the relationships between trunk tissue distribution, metabolic risk factors, and physical performance in young Japanese individuals using cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Thirty-six healthy Japanese men (n = 20, body mass index [BMI]: 20.8 ± 2.

Cultural Defaults in the Time of COVID: Lessons for the Future.

Five years after the beginning of the COVID pandemic, one thing is clear: The East Asian countries of Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea outperformed the United States in responding to and controlling the outbreak of the deadly virus. Although multiple factors likely contributed to this disparity, we propose that the culturally linked psychological defaults ("cultural defaults") that pervade these contexts also played a role. Cultural defaults are commonsense, rational, taken-for-granted ways of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Considerations for Measuring Caregiver Talk in Interactions With Infants at Elevated and Population-Level Likelihood for Autism: Deriving Stable Estimates.

Purpose: This study aims to help researchers design observational measurement systems that yield sufficiently stable scores for estimating caregiver talk among caregivers of infant siblings of autistic and non-autistic children. Stable estimates minimize error introduced by facets of the measurement system, such as variability between coders or measurement sessions.

Method: Analyses of variance were used to partition error variance between coder and session and to derive coefficients.

Can Expressing Feelings About Violence be a Protective Buffer in the Linkage Between Bullying Victimization and Delinquent Activities?

The current study explores whether expressing feelings about violence through journal or notebook and/or school assignment might be associated with a decrease in delinquent activities, such as substance use, theft of property, and assaultive behaviors. A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was conducted. The participants were comprised of African American adolescents in four Chicago's Southside neighborhoods.

Intramuscular blood flow and muscle oxygenation of the vastus lateralis response to intermittent incremental muscle contractions.

Power Doppler ultrasonography is used to measure blood flow within a given muscle, otherwise known as intramuscular blood flow. However, it is not fully understood how intramuscular blood flow and muscle oxygenation change with repetitive muscle contraction. The present study was conducted to assess changes in intramuscular blood flow and muscle oxygenation of the vastus lateralis (VL) during intermittent and incremental contractions.

Associated Factors and Causes of Chronic Disease Medication Oversupply.

Although medication oversupply results in waste of medications, triggers of medication oversupply remain unclear. This nationwide retrospective cohort study aimed to identify associated factors and causes of chronic disease medication oversupply in Japan by quantitative and qualitative analyses. Data of financial year 2019 from a large insurance claims database were used.

The CARES classroom observation tool: Psychometrics of an observational measure of culturally responsive practices.

There is growing interest in improving and assessing teachers' use of culturally responsive practices (CRP) in the classroom, yet relatively few research-based approaches exist to address these measurement gaps. This article presents findings on the psychometric properties of a newly developed classroom observation measure of CRP, called the CARES Observational Assessment Tool, where CARES refers to five theorized domains of CRP. We used a sample of 268 30-min video observations across urban classrooms (Grades 4-9) from the Measures of Effective Teaching Project (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 2014).

A school-wide approach to cultural responsivity and student engagement: A randomized trial of Double Check in middle schools.

The present study reports findings from a school-level randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Double Check cultural responsivity and student engagement model. Consistent with the focus of this special issue on the conceptual and methodological advances for understanding contextual, identity, and cultural effects in intervention research, we report outcomes of the multi-component, school-wide Double Check model, testing the combined impacts of school-wide data-based decision-making along with staff professional development on school-level discipline, culturally responsive practices, classroom contextual factors, and classroom coaching using the Double Check version of the Classroom Check-up. The results from the 41 middle-school RCT indicated significant impacts on proximal outcomes of culturally responsive teacher self-efficacy, observations of instructional support, and indicators of student engagement, but no effect on other intended outcomes (e.

Alexithymia, Inner Thinking Patterns, and Perceptions of Mental Health Therapy Strategies Among Autistic Adults.

Purpose: Autistic adults are at high risk for mental health challenges, yet there has been limited research on mental health interventions for this population. Individual differences in how thoughts and emotions are perceived may directly relate to the success of specific therapy strategies. This study examined whether alexithymia and inner thinking patterns relate to helpfulness and ease of use of mental health therapy strategies among autistic adults.

Spontaneous focus on numerosity in parents of preschoolers: Is it related to the math input they provide?

There is substantial variability among parents in the amount of math input they provide at home, which is related to differences in children's early math knowledge. The current study examined whether parents' spontaneous focus on numerosity (SFON) predicts the math input they provide at home-in terms of both their math talk and frequency of math activities. Parents (N = 124) from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds in China were presented with a SFON picture task.

Spirituality, Spiritual Distress and Experiences of Joy, Meaning and Growth Among Parkinson's Disease Caregivers in the United States.

Caregiving challenges of Parkinson's disease can result in loss of faith, meaning, and spiritual distress. The purpose of this study is to describe Parkinson's disease caregivers' perceptions and experiences related to spiritual distress, sources of spiritual and religious support, acts, and experiences of growth, and finding meaning and joy in the midst of spiritual distress. We conducted semi-structured interviews with caregivers of persons with Parkinson's disease (n = 16) and identified five themes: (a) Bearing witness to suffering underlies spiritual distress; (b) Prayers are pleas for "soul help"; (c) Spiritual guidance and support are important; (d) Faith and community are sources of spiritual support; and (e) Joy, meaning, and growth help to transcend spiritual distress.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this review was to assess the joint relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and Body Mass Index (BMI) on both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality risk.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Pooled HR and 95% CI were calculated using a three-level restricted maximum likelihood estimation random-effects model with robust variance estimation.

Queering critical consciousness: Measurement and implications of critical consciousness among sexual and gender minority youth.

Developmental research on critical consciousness (CC) offers insight into processes that empower youth to challenge oppressive realities. This concept has been examined predominantly among low income Black and Latinx youth. We consider how CC is relevant to sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth from different racial/ethnic backgrounds with the goal of expanding CC research.