Targeted animal models for preclinical assessment of cellular and gene therapies in pancreatic and liver diseases: regulatory and practical insights.

Cellular and gene therapy (CGT) products have emerged as a popular approach in regenerative medicine, showing promise in treating various pancreatic and liver diseases in numerous clinical trials. Before these therapies can be tested in human clinical trials, it is essential to evaluate their safety and efficacy in relevant animal models. Such preclinical testing is often required to obtain regulatory approval for investigational new drugs.

Cystoid macular oedema after flanged intraocular lens scleral fixation using the Yamane technique: a multicentre cohort study.

This retrospective observational multicentre cohort study compared the rate of postoperative cystoid macular oedema (CME) between two intraocular lens (IOL) scleral fixation (SFIOL) techniques: a flanged IOL fixation technique (Yamane technique) and a suture IOL transscleral fixation technique (conventional technique). The study included 207 eyes with postoperative CME that had undergone SFIOL and were observed for > 12 weeks between January 2019 and January 2021. The primary endpoint was a comparison of the rate of postoperative CME at 3 months between groups.

Immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy of diabetes-associated periodontitis.

Objectives: This paper aims to review the immunopathogenesis of Diabetes-associated periodontitis (DPD) and to propose a description of the research progress of drugs with potential clinical value from an immunotherapeutic perspective.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were studies on the association between diabetes and periodontitis using the Boolean operator "AND" for association between diabetes and periodontitis, with no time or language restrictions.

Genetic landscape in undiagnosed patients with syndromic hearing loss revealed by whole exome sequencing and phenotype similarity search.

There are hundreds of rare syndromic diseases involving hearing loss, many of which are not targeted for clinical genetic testing. We systematically explored the genetic causes of undiagnosed syndromic hearing loss using a combination of whole exome sequencing (WES) and a phenotype similarity search system called PubCaseFinder. Fifty-five families with syndromic hearing loss of unknown cause were analyzed using WES after prescreening of several deafness genes depending on patient clinical features.

Correlation between different boundaries used in upper airway assessment.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the volume and minimum axial area (MAA) measurements between different upper and lower boundaries used for oropharyngeal airway assessment.

Methods: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of 49 subjects taken for pre-orthognathic surgical planning were obtained retrospectively from the archives (n = 49; 32 females, 17 males; mean age = 20.9 ± 5.

Finite element analysis of the influence of perioral force on alveolar ridge healing in areas missing maxillary anterior teeth.

Objective: To study the biomechanical changes induced by differences in perioral force in patients with missing anterior maxillary teeth at rest via finite element analysis (FEA).

Methods: Using conical beam CT (CBCT) images of a healthy person, models of the complete maxillary anterior dental region (Model A) and maxillary anterior dental region with a missing left maxillary central incisor (Model B) were constructed. The labial and palatine alveolar bone and tooth surface of the bilateral incisor and cusp regions were selected as the application sites, the resting perioral force was applied perpendicular to the tissue surface, and the changes in maxillary stress and displacement after the perioral force was simulated were analyzed.

Wealth-based inequalities in tuberculosis prevalence among households having children and young adults in India: insights from Indian demographic and health surveys (2015-2021).

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health concern in India, especially among households with children and young adolescents aged 6-17 years. Despite ongoing research, there is a knowledge gap regarding specific risk factors for TB within this demographic. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the association between TB and various socio-demographic factors, including socioeconomic status, nutritional status, and environmental conditions.

Exploring the potential of machine learning models to predict nasal measurements through facial landmarks.

Statement Of Problem: Information on predicting the measurements of the nose from selected facial landmarks to assist in maxillofacial prosthodontics is lacking.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the efficiency of machine learning models in predicting the length and width of the nose from selected facial landmarks.

Material And Methods: Two-dimensional frontal and lateral photographs were made of 100 men and 100 women.

Successful granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhalation therapy for recurrent autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis after lung transplantation: A case report.

Sargramostim, a recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhalation therapy, was recently approved for pharmaceutical use in Japan and shows promise as a treatment for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP). For APAP patients with severe respiratory failure due to advanced lung fibrosis, lung transplantation is also a treatment option; however, APAP may recur after the procedure. Here, we report a case of successful sargramostim inhalation therapy for post-transplant APAP relapse in a patient who underwent living lung transplantation owing to severe fibrosis.

Construction of in situ modulated controlled growth of MOF-on-mof impedimetric assembly for the practical minimal level assessment of anti-mullerian hormone.

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) detection receives much attention since it is used as an ideal biomarker for quantitative assessment of ovarian reserve. The present study proposed a first report on the use of MOF-on-MOF as an electrochemical sensor for recognizing AMH in buffer and serum media. The MOF-on-MOF, MIL-88 B@UiO66NH was synthesized by the internal extended growth method (IEGM) involving MIL-88 B on UiO66NH by in situ method for the first time.

Dental care and services of children and young people with cerebral palsy in Australia: A comprehensive survey of oral health-related quality of life.

Aims: To investigate caregiver-reported dental care experiences and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: Between May and August 2023, caregivers of children and young people from three Australian states were invited to complete questionnaires, including the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP-SF 19).

Results: Sixty-eight caregivers participated in the survey.

Rescue therapy after failed thrombectomy in medium/distal vessel occlusions: A retrospective analysis of an international, multi-center registry.

Background: There are limited therapeutic options in cases of failed reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [mTICI] score < 2b) after stent-retriever and/or aspiration based endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke. Despite the absence of data supporting its use, rescue therapy (balloon angioplasty and/or stent implantation) is often utilized in such cases. Studies are limited to large vessel occlusions, while the outcomes and complications after rescue therapy in medium/distal vessel occlusions (MDVOs) have not been reported.

Ethical Use of Cadaveric Images in Anatomical Textbooks, Atlases, and Journals: A Consensus Response From Authors and Editors.

Nowadays, consent to use donor bodies for medical education and research is obtained from the body donors and their families before the donation. Recently, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) published guidelines that could restrict the appearance of cadaveric images in commercial anatomical resources such as textbooks and other educational products. These guidelines state that the donor must expressly consent to using such images for this purpose.

A Novel Team-Based Approach to Oral Diagnosis Education: Case of the Week.

Background: Traditional oral diagnosis education often relies on passive lectures and individual case assessments. Team-based learning (TBL) offers an interactive alternative, but implementation challenges can exist. The 'Case of the Week (COW)' method presents a potentially modified TBL approach for oral diagnosis education.

Knowledge, awareness and attitudes among a group of Turkish dental students regarding molar incisor hypomineralization: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is estimated to affect more than 800 million people worldwide. The clinical management of MIH can be challenging. For dentists, to provide effective and high-quality dental care to people affected by MIH, it is essential that they improve their awareness, ability to describe the clinical situation, and knowledge of treatment modalities.

Pica practices, anemia, and oral health outcomes: a systemic review.

Objectives: Pica is a non-nutritive eating behavior. The potential impact of pica on oral health and the association between pica and anemia are understudied. We examined the current evidence on the relationship between pica practices, anemia, and oral health outcomes.

A bipartite bacterial virulence factor targets the complement system and neutrophil activation.

The complement system and neutrophils constitute the two main pillars of the host innate immune defense against infection by bacterial pathogens. Here, we identify T-Mac, a novel virulence factor of the periodontal pathogen Treponema denticola that allows bacteria to evade both defense systems. We show that T-Mac is expressed as a pre-protein that is cleaved into two functional units.

Building a growing genomic repository for maternal and fetal health through the PING Consortium.

Background: Prenatally transmitted viruses can cause severe damage to the developing brain. There is unexplained variability in prenatal brain injury and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes, suggesting disease modifiers. Of note, prenatal Zika infection can cause a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, including congenital Zika syndrome.

Blood DNA virome associates with autoimmune diseases and COVID-19.

Aberrant immune responses to viral pathogens contribute to pathogenesis, but our understanding of pathological immune responses caused by viruses within the human virome, especially at a population scale, remains limited. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing datasets of 6,321 Japanese individuals, including patients with autoimmune diseases (psoriasis vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) or multiple sclerosis) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), or healthy controls. We systematically quantified two constituents of the blood DNA virome, endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and anellovirus.

Bond strength comparison of chemically activated hard reline materials on CAD-CAM milled and conventional heat-polymerized PMMA denture bases.

Statement Of Problem: Comprehensive data are needed on the performance of chemically activated, chairside hard reline materials when used with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases and conventionally processed bases. This lack of data affects decisions regarding the chairside reline material to be used for improving the fit and retention of relined complete dentures.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of 3 chemically activated, chairside hard reline materials on CAD-CAM milled and conventional heat-polymerized PMMA denture bases.

Assessing the need for specialty consultation for isolated medial orbital wall fractures.

Objective: This objective was to assess if the current practice of interfacility transfer and immediate specialty consult is justified by the rate of surgical repair for isolated medial orbital wall fractures.

Study Design: This is a retrospective descriptive study utilizing the records of all patients with isolated medial orbital wall fractures who presented to the ED at Boston Medical Center from January 2014 to December 2022. A descriptive analysis was completed.

Anti-herpetic tau preserves neurons via the cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis relies on the presence of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau). Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between AD pathologies and infectious agents, with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) being a leading candidate. Our investigation, using metagenomics, mass spectrometry, western blotting, and decrowding expansion pathology, detects HSV-1-associated proteins in human brain samples.

Herbal nanoemulsions in cosmetic science: A comprehensive review of design, preparation, formulation, and characterization.

The rapid development of delivery systems for cosmetics has revealed two critical challenges in the field: enhancing the solubility of active ingredients and ensuring the stability of natural materials used in cosmetics. Nanoemulsion technology has emerged as an indispensable solution for addressing these challenges, not only enhancing the stability of cosmetics but also improving the solubility of pharmaceuticals and active ingredients with poor solubility. Nanoemulsion formulations have reinforced stability and amended the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs.

The feasibility of the adult age estimation 3D-CBCT method on ancient human remains.

The age estimation of skeletal remains still represents a central issue not only for the reconstruction of the so-called "biological profile," but mostly for the palaeodemographic investigation. This research aims at verifying the feasibility of the adult age estimation method developed on living people by Pinchi et al. (2015 and 2018), for estimating the age at the death of 37 subjects from ancient populations found in two different Italian necropolis of archaeological interest (Mont'e Prama and Florence, X-IX century B.