Influence of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation on Effectiveness of an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention.

Objective: To assess the influence of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation on the effectiveness of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) in the Look AHEAD trial.

Research Design And Methods: Look AHEAD randomized adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes to ILI for weight loss, or Diabetes Support and Education (DSE). We linked participant data from four study sites to the 2000 United States Census to generate a neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation score.

Socioeconomic and geographical inequalities in polio immunisation coverage among two-year-olds in Sierra Leone, 2008-2019.

Background: Polio, a debeilitating and potentially life-threatening disease, continues to pose a risk to young children globally. While vaccination offers a powerful shield, its reach is not always equal. This study explores socioeconomic and geographical inequalities in polio immunisation coverage among two-year-olds in Sierra Leone between 2008 and 2019.

Association of T-Cell Phenotypes With Peri-Coronary Inflammation in People With and Without HIV and Without Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Persistent immune activation is linked to elevated cardiovascular diseases in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. The fat attenuation index (FAI) is a measure of peri-coronary inflammation that independently predicts cardiovascular disease risk in people without HIV. Whether FAI is associated with immune activation is unknown.

Social Epidemiology of Dual Use of Electronic and Combustible Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults: Insights from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Background: The dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes poses significant public health concerns due to the compounded risks associated with the use of both products. Understanding the predictors of dual use can inform targeted interventions and tobacco control strategies aimed at reducing nicotine dependence and health risks among adults.

Objective: This study aims to identify the sociodemographic predictors of dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes among U.

Exploring risk and protective factors of intimate partner violence in Korean young adults.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is most prevalent in young adults, yet scarce evidence is available regarding South Korean young adults' experience of IPV and culturally tailored IPV prevention programs. To address this gap, this study aimed to holistically assess IPV victimization and perpetration rates and the related risk and protective factors among Korean young adults. Using online survey data from 600 Korean young adults using simple random sampling, this study found that the lifetime prevalence of both IPV victimization and perpetration was about 30%.

In-Person versus Virtual CEASE Smoking Cessation Interventions.

Background: Smoking cessation interventions are critical for underserved populations, particularly among low-income individuals who may benefit from tailored support. However, the effectiveness of different intervention formats remains unclear, particularly as virtual and hybrid models gain popularity.

Aims: This study compares the effectiveness of three smoking cessation intervention arms in a quasi-experimental design: Self-help group (Arm 1), In-person group (Arm 2), and Virtual/hybrid group (Arm 3).

Smokers with Multiple Chronic Disease Are More Likely to Quit Cigarette.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the presence of chronic medical conditions and cessation among U.S. adults who use combustible tobacco.

A community action network-based intervention for improving knowledge of zoonoses among wildlife hunters and traders in Epe, Lagos, Nigeria.

The West Africa One Health project is a multi-country project designed to utilise the One Health approach and deploy the Community Action Networks (CAN), a concept rooted in the principles of community-based participatory research, to improve knowledge of high-risk communities on zoonoses. The majority of emerging zoonoses occur at the human-wildlife interface, of which wildlife hunters and traders are critical stakeholders. We assessed the effectiveness of a CAN-based intervention involving the use of a video documentary and case studies as model tools in improving the knowledge of zoonoses among wildlife hunters and traders in Epe, an established hunting community in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Long-term physical and mental health outcomes of Ebola Virus Disease survivors in Kenema District, Sierra Leone: A cross-sectional survey.

The 2013-2016 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa was the deadliest in history, with over 28,000 cases. Numerous physical and mental health symptoms have been reported in EVD survivors, although there is limited prior research on how the health of survivors compares to the general population. We conducted a survey of EVD survivors in Kenema District, Sierra Leone and a population-based sample of community members who lived in EVD-affected areas but were not diagnosed with EVD, and compared resulting data about self-reported symptoms, duration, and severity between EVD survivors and community members through multivariate regression models.

Midwives' readiness for midwife-led care: a mixed-methods study.

Background/problem: To integrate midwife-led care in Belgian maternity services, understanding whether midwives are primed of executing the change is needed.

Aim: To explore Belgian midwives' readiness for midwife-led care and understand the underlying processes.

Methods: A mixed-methods sequential study: 1) A survey including 414 practising midwives and 2) individual interviews with 12 (student) midwives.

Tobacco Susceptibility Explains Diminished Returns of Family Income on Black Adolescents' Tobacco Initiation.

Background: Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory posits that socioeconomic resources have weaker protective effects on health and behavior for racial and ethnic minorities compared to Whites. This study examines whether tobacco susceptibility, defined as curiosity, intention, and openness to future tobacco use, mediates the diminished returns of family income on tobacco initiation among Black adolescents.

Methods: Data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were analyzed.

Role of Impulsivity in Explaining Social Gradient in Youth Tobacco Use Initiation: Does Race Matter?

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is traditionally viewed as a protective factor against impulsivity and subsequent tobacco use in youth. The prevailing model suggests that higher SES is associated with lower impulsivity, which in turn reduces the likelihood of future tobacco use. However, this pathway may not hold uniformly across racial groups due to differences in impulsivity and the phenomenon of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), where the protective effects of SES, such as educational attainment, tend to be weaker or even reversed for Black youth compared to their White counterparts.

The Effect of "Motivational Interviewing" and "Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills Model" Counseling Interventions on the Choice of Delivery Mode in Pregnant Women Using Face-to-Face Training vs. Mobile App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To investigate the impact of counseling interventions, using face-to-face training vs. mobile app for choosing mode of delivery.

Design: A four-armed, randomized, controlled parallel-design trial.

Combating the Co-Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and Seasonal Influenza: Identifying Multi-Dimensional Factors Associated with the Uptake of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine among a Chinese National Sample.

Introduction: The co-circulation of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza highlighted the importance of promoting influenza vaccination. However, the influenza vaccination rate among the Chinese population is low and requires further promotion. This study examined multi-dimensional factors, such as knowledge of seasonal influenza, health perceptions, cues to action, patient-provider relationships, and COVID-19 pandemic-related factors, in relation to the uptake of the seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) among the Chinese population.

Adversities Mediate Social Determinants of Youth Tobacco Use Initiation.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) significantly influence health behaviors, including tobacco use among youth. Adversities such as perceived discrimination, perceived neighborhood stress, life trauma, and financial strain are stressors that may mediate the relationship between various SDOH and youth tobacco use. This study aims to investigate whether multidimensional adversities mediate the effects of SDOH on tobacco use among youth.

Experiences of patients with disabilities and sexual or gender minority status during healthcare interactions.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other (LGBTQ+) people with disabilities when interacting with healthcare professionals related to their gender identity, sexuality, and disability.

Subject And Methods: Historically marginalized groups face many inequities in health care. However, little is known about the intersectional experiences of LGBTQ+ people with disabilities when receiving health care given their likelihood to encounter multiple marginalizations.

High SARS-CoV-2 seroincidence but low excess COVID mortality in Sierra Leone in 2020-2022.

While SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to have spread widely throughout Africa, documentation of associated mortality is limited. We implemented a representative serosurvey in one city of Sierra Leone in Western Africa, paired with nationally representative mortality and selected death registration data. Cumulative seroincidence using high quality SARS-CoV-2 serological assays was 69% by July 2021, rising to 84% by April 2022, mostly preceding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Healthy Eating Behavior for Gestational Diabetes Risk Reduction Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adolescent and Young Adult Females: A Qualitative Exploration.

Objective: To understand the perspectives of key informant experts regarding the relationship between food insecurity and gestational diabetes mellitus risk reduction behaviors among young American Indian and Alaska Native females.

Methods: Participants were adult key informants with expertise in food/nutrition and health within Tribal communities (N = 58) across the US. Data were collected through 1:1 interviews using a semistructured moderator guide and analyzed using thematic content analysis methods.

Client-reported challenges and opportunities for improved antiretroviral therapy services uptake at a secondary health facility in Ghana.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in African countries, including Ghana, are often faced with the challenge of treatment default. To maximize ART utilization and efficiency among people living with HIV (PLHIV), it is pertinent to ensure that ART-related challenges that clients encounter are identified and addressed holistically. A phenomenological qualitative study of thirty participants recruited through the purposive sampling technique was conducted using in-depth interviews from June to July 2021.

Posttraumatic growth and its associations with perceived stress and core beliefs in women after traumatic childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic added new challenges and stressors to the childbirth period, potentially increasing the risk of traumatic childbirth experiences. There is little known about posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a childbearing population. This study describes PTG in women after traumatic childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with sociodemographic, birth-related characteristics, traumatic childbirth events, perceived stress, and core beliefs, as well as explores what factors predict PTG.

Predicting Conversion Time from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia with Interval-Censored Models.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients are at a high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) at an estimated annual rate above 10%. It is clinically and practically important to accurately predict MCI-to-dementia conversion time.

Objective: It is clinically and practically important to accurately predict MCI-to-dementia conversion time by using easily available clinical data.

Application of nano-ZnO in the food preservation industry: antibacterial mechanisms, influencing factors, intelligent packaging, preservation film and safety.

In recent years, how to improve the functional performance of food packaging materials has received increasing attention. One common inorganic material, nanometer zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), has garnered significant attention due to its excellent antibacterial properties and sensitivity. Consequently, ZnO-NP-based functional packaging materials are rapidly developing in the food industry.