560,024 results match your criteria: "School of Community & Global Health[Affiliation]"
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Community and Global Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
In recent years, Japan has experienced a significant increase in the number of foreign students and workers entering the country. This has resulted in a vast number of international patients in medical facilities. This shift emphasizes the immediate need for Japanese nurses who are both clinically proficient and culturally attuned.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Swansea Community Farm, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom.
Background: As an umbrella term, social prescribing offers varied routes into society which promise to support, enhance, and empower individual citizens to take control of their own health and wellbeing. Globally healthcare systems are struggling to cope with the increasing demands of an ageing population and the NHS (UK) is no exception. Social prescribing is heralded as a means to relieve the burden on primary care and provide support for the 20% of patients whose needs are non-medical.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Background: Adolescents who have the human immunodeficiency virus face difficulties in their lives not just from the physical consequences of the illness but also from social stigma and discrimination. The quantitative side of this issue was the focus of earlier Ethiopian research. However, there hasn't been any prior research done extensively in Ethiopia on the real-life experiences of teenagers infected with HIV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
Background: Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is a 175-billion-parameter natural language processing model that uses deep learning algorithms trained on vast amounts of data to generate human-like texts such as essays. Consequently, it has introduced new challenges and threats to medical education. We assessed the use of ChatGPT and other AI tools among medical students in Uganda.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.
Background: Treadmill belt perturbations have high clinical feasibility for use in perturbation-based training in older people, but their kinematic validity is unclear. This study examined the kinematic validity of treadmill belt accelerations as a surrogate for overground walkway trips during gait in older people.
Methods: Thirty-eight community-dwelling older people were exposed to two unilateral belt accelerations (8 m s-2) whilst walking on a split-belt treadmill and two trips induced by a 14 cm trip-board whilst walking on a walkway with condition presentation randomised.
Pediatr Emerg Care
January 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Objectives: ImPACTS (Improving Acute Care Through Simulation) is a collaborative simulation-based program partnering pediatric specialty centers ("hubs") with general emergency departments (GEDs) to improve pediatric acute care. Objective measurements of ImPACTS, such as evaluating Pediatric Readiness Score (PRS) and simulation-based outcome improvements, have been reported previously. Barriers to and facilitators of program involvement and the downstream effects of the program have not been previously described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChild Obes
January 2025
Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
During summer, children may meet fewer 24 hours Movement Guidelines (24 hr-MGs) [moderate-vigorous physical activity (PA): ≥60 minutes/day, screen time: ≤2 hours/day, sleep: 9-11 hours/day) compared with the school year. Structured environments within community settings (, summer programs) support guideline adherence. Information about the relationship between structured home environments and 24 hr-MGs is needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Teach
January 2025
Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Purpose: To explore graduating medical students' insights on the value of coaching experiences during each year of medical school while examining how coaching may support student development at various stages of training.
Methods: We invited all graduating students who participated in the coaching program from first through fourth year to participate in one 90-minute virtual focus group. We conducted a thematic analysis of all the focus group transcripts using inductive open coding to develop themes.
J Nat Prod
January 2025
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
The similar structures of natural compounds and the absence of NMR data for commercial products raise the risk of misidentification. This work reports a case in which purchased samples labeled as "berbamine" from 14 suppliers are oxyacanthine (). The NMR data of all purchased samples were consistent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Cell Physiol
January 2025
Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Very-low-carbohydrate diets (LCHF; <50g/day) have been debated for their potential to lower pre-exercise muscle and liver glycogen stores and metabolic efficiency, risking premature fatigue. It is also hypothesized that carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise delays fatigue by increasing carbohydrate oxidation, thereby sparing muscle glycogen. Leveraging a randomized crossover design, we evaluated performance during strenuous time-to-exhaustion (70%⩒O) tests in trained triathletes following 6-week high-carbohydrate (HCLF, 380g/day) or very-low-carbohydrate (LCHF, 40g/day) diets to determine (i) if adoption of the LCHF diet impairs time-to-exhaustion performance, (ii) whether carbohydrate ingestion (10g/hour) 6-12x lower than current CHO fuelling recommendations during low glycogen availability (>15-hour pre-exercise overnight fast and/or LCHF diet) improves time-to-exhaustion by preventing exercise-induced hypoglycemia (EIH; <3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Disparities in postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and its prophylaxis may exist based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). Our objective was to evaluate whether patients from racial and ethnic minority groups and patients from lower SES backgrounds received less appropriate PONV prophylaxis and experienced higher rates of PONV and post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV).
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 23,333 adults who underwent major surgeries (total knee arthroplasty, cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, and prostatectomy) from 2017-2022 in a single, multi-state hospital system.
J Athl Train
December 2024
University of California, San Francisco, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.
Context: Social determinants of health are known to affect overall access to youth sports, however, it is not fully understood how multiple social determinants of health may impact access to school-based athletic training services.
Objective: To determine the relationship between Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) scores on access to high school-based athletic trainers in California.
Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.
Rheumatology (Oxford)
January 2025
Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Objectives: To clarify the differences in clinical phenotypes, therapeutic patterns, and outcomes of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) across geographic regions using a multinational cohort.
Methods: Data were collected from patients with newly diagnosed or relapsing GPA or MPA in Europe, Japan, and the United States (US) from January to July 2020. The composite outcome of kidney failure and/or death within 52 weeks after treatment was evaluated, and the hazard ratios across the regions were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model.
QJM
January 2025
HRB Clinical Research Facility Galway, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Background: The optimal approach to the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in primary care is unclear.
Aim: To determine if external loop recorder (ELR) screening improves atrial fibrillation detection in community dwelling adults with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of greater than two.
Design: Randomised cross-over clinical trial.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)
January 2025
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz Research Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Asthma is considered one of the most common and serious noncommunicable diseases, with high morbidity and mortality rates in both children and adults.
Objectives: To estimate the frequency and to determine the associated factors of self-reported asthma among children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, and 175 subjects having type 1 diabetes for more than 1 year were included from the pediatrics endocrine clinic.
J Med Internet Res
January 2025
Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Background: People share health-related experiences and treatments, such as for insomnia, in digital communities. Natural language processing tools can be leveraged to understand the terms used in digital spaces to discuss insomnia and insomnia treatments.
Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize and chart trends of insomnia treatment terms on a digital insomnia message board.
Psychol Addict Behav
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Center on Alcohol, Substance use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico.
Objective: Community characteristics (e.g., alcohol access, poverty) are associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) at the population level, and person-level AUD severity indicators (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Severe vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is a very common condition in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and it is predictor of poor prognosis. There is emerging evidence suggesting a connection between the insufficient response to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) and vitD deficiency in patients with PAH. In the present translational study, vitD deficiency was induced in Wistar rats by exposure to vitD free diet for 5 weeks and followed by Su5416 administration and hypoxia (10%) for 3 weeks, a standard experimental model of PAH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Psychopathol Clin Sci
January 2025
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University.
Ecological momentary assessment is increasingly leveraged to better understand affective processes underlying substance use disorder treatment and recovery. Research in this area has yielded novel insights into the roles of mean levels of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) in precipitating drug craving and substance use in daily life. Little of the extant substance use disorder treatment research, however, considers dynamic patterns of PA and NA, separately or in relation to one another, or how such patterns may differ from those observed among nonclinical samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Consult Clin Psychol
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Objective: This study described therapists' delivery of six child mental health evidence-based practices (EBPs) over 33 months during the sustainment phase of a system-driven implementation aimed at improving access to EBPs in community settings.
Method: Seven hundred seventy-seven therapists and 162 program leaders delivering at least one of six EBPs of interest completed surveys, and these data were matched to therapist administrative claims data. Survival analyses examined (a) therapists' discontinuation of delivery of all Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health direct client services (i.
Prehosp Emerg Care
January 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
Objectives: Opioid-associated fatal and non-fatal overdose rates continue to rise. Prehospital overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs are attractive harm-reduction strategies, as patients who are not transported by EMS after receiving naloxone have limited access to other interventions. This narrative summary describes our experiences with prehospital implementation of evidence-based OEND practices across Ohio as part of the HEALing Communities Study (HCS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.
Importance: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black women is a critical public health concern, potentially exacerbating existing health disparities and impacting community-wide vaccination efforts.
Objective: To explore the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black women in the US and identify the specific concerns and experiences shaping hesitant attitudes toward vaccination.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Qualitative study using in-depth, semistructured interviews conducted virtually between June and November 2021.
JAMA
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor.
Objectives: The Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) framework is a validated process that is used to identify individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) and then encourage them to engage in and facilitate entry into treatment. It is not known how well SBIRT can be incorporated into prehospital practice and what barriers to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) implementation of an SBIRT program might arise. The aim of this project was to implement a pilot EMS based SBIRT program.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrehosp Emerg Care
January 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Objectives: Sepsis is a time-sensitive condition, and many rural emergency department (ED) sepsis patients are transferred to tertiary hospitals. The objective of this study was to determine whether longer transport times during interhospital transfer are associated with higher sepsis mortality or increased hospital length-of-stay (LOS).
Methods: A cohort of rural adult (age ≥ 18y) sepsis patients transferred between hospitals were identified in the TELEmedicine as a Virtual Intervention for Sepsis Care in Emergency Departments (TELEVISED) parent study.