Programmable Nanomodulators for Precision Therapy, Engineering Tumor Metabolism to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy.

Tumor metabolism is crucial in the continuous advancement and complex growth of cancer. The emerging field of nanotechnology has made significant strides in enhancing the understanding of the complex metabolic intricacies inherent to tumors, offering potential avenues for their strategic manipulation to achieve therapeutic goals. This comprehensive review delves into the interplay between tumor metabolism and various facets of cancer, encompassing its origins, progression, and the formidable challenges posed by metastasis.

Chidamide plus prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and thalidomide for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma: A multicenter phase II trial.

Background: Although the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) has undergone advancements during the past several years, the response rate and long-term effects with respect to patients with PTCL remain unsatisfactory-particularly for relapsed or refractory (R/R) patients. This phase II trial was designed to explore the efficacy and safety of an all-oral regimen of chidamide plus prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and thalidomide (CPCT) for R/R PTCL patients who could not tolerate the standard chemotherapy for a variety of reasons.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter phase II clinical trial in which we combined chidamide (30 mg twice weekly) with prednisone (20 mg daily after breakfast), cyclophosphamide (50 mg daily after lunch), and thalidomide (100 mg daily at bedtime) (the CPCT regimen) for a total of fewer than 12 cycles as an induction-combined treatment period, and then applied chidamide as single-drug maintenance.

Recent progress of dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex) as an anti-cancer nanovaccine.

Although cancer vaccines such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines and peptide vaccines have become appealing and attractive anticancer immunotherapy options in recent decades, some obstacles have hindered their successful application in the clinical setting. The difficulties associated with the high cost of DC preparation, storage of DC vaccines, tumor-mediated immunosuppressive environment, identification of specific tumor antigens, and high degradation of antigen peptides in vivo limit the clinical application and affect the outcomes of these cancer vaccines. Recently, nanocarriers have been considered as a new approach for vaccine delivery.

Recent Advances in Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors for Tumour Treatment.

The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway is a viable target for cancer treatment and can be used to treat various malignant tumours, including follicular lymphoma and breast cancer. Both enzymes, PI3K and mTOR, are critical in this pathway. Hence, in recent years, an array of inhibitors targeting these two targets have been studied, showing dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition compared with single targeting small molecule inhibitors.

Drugs for the treatment of glaucoma: Targets, structure-activity relationships and clinical research.

Glaucoma is the third leading cause of blindness and impairment of vision worldwide, after refractive errors and cataracts. According to the survey, the number of people with glaucoma is more than 76 million, with projections increasing to 112 million by 2040. With the coming of an aging society, the number of people suffering from glaucoma will increase day by day.

Multi-Pharmaceutical Activities of Chinese Herbal Polysaccharides in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Concept and Future Prospects.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal chronic progressive respiratory disease, characterized by continuous scarring of the lung parenchyma, leading to respiratory failure and death. The incidence of PF has increased over time. There are drugs, yet, there are some limitations.

Structure-activity relationships of Wee1 inhibitors: A review.

Wee1 kinase plays an important role in regulating G2/M checkpoint and S phase, and the inhibition of it will lead to mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells with p53 mutation or deletion. Therefore, the mechanism of Wee1 kinase in cancer treatment and the development of its inhibitors have become a research hotspot. However, although a variety of Wee1 inhibitors with different scaffolds and considerable activity have been successfully identified, so far no one has systematically summarized the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of Wee1 inhibitors.

Recent progress of graphene oxide as a potential vaccine carrier and adjuvant.

Vaccine is one of the most effective strategies for preventing and controlling infectious diseases and some noninfectious diseases, especially cancers. Adjuvants and carriers have been appropriately added to the vaccine formulation to improve the immunogenicity of the antigen and induce long-lasting immunity. However, there is an urgent need to develop new all-purpose adjuvants because some adjuvants approved for human use have limited functionality.

Advances in the Development of Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors.

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) specifically hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and plays vital roles in biological processes such as cancer development. To date, PDE4 inhibitors have been widely studied as therapeutics for the treatment of various diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and many of them have progressed to clinical trials or have been approved as drugs. Herein, we review the advances in the development of PDE4 inhibitors in the past decade and will focus on their pharmacophores, PDE4 subfamily selectivity, and therapeutic potential.

Recent Advances of Natural Polyphenols Activators for Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

The Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway is an important defense system against exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress injury. The dysregulation of the signaling pathway is associated with many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and respiratory diseases. Over the years, a wide range of natural products has provided sufficient resources for the discovery of potential therapeutic drugs.

Design, Synthesis and in Vitro Tumor Cytotoxicity Evaluation of 3,5-Diamino-N-substituted Benzamide Derivatives as Novel GSK-3β Small Molecule Inhibitors.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) plays an important regulatory role in various signaling pathways; such as PI3 K/AKT, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, the most reported active GSK-3 inhibitors have the same structure: lactam ring or amide structure. To find out the GSK-3β small molecule inhibitor with novel, safe, efficient and more uncomplicated synthesis method, we analyzed in-depth reported crystal-binding patterns of GSK-3β small molecule inhibitor with GSK-3β protein, and designed and synthesized 17 non-reported 3,5-diamino-N-substituted benzamide compounds.

Antibody-drug conjugates of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin: Sacituzumab govitecan and labetuzumab govitecan.

Monoclonal antibody (mAb), cytotoxins, and linker technology are three essential elements for developing a successful antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). In the research and development of ADCs industry, selected cytotoxins, such as auristatins and maytansines, are commonly tubulin inhibitors which are widely put into clinical use. Thereafter, with the booming development of ADCs, a large number of pharmaceutical companies have expanded a wide range of selectable cytotoxin product lines as well.

Feature genes in metastatic breast cancer identified by MetaDE and SVM classifier methods.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the feature genes in metastatic breast cancer samples. A total of 5 expression profiles of metastatic breast cancer samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which were then analyzed using the MetaQC and MetaDE packages in R language. The feature genes between metastasis and non‑metastasis samples were screened under the threshold of P<0.

Emerging targets and new small molecule therapies in Parkinson's disease treatment.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Due to a rapidly aging society worldwide, PD morbidity is on the rise; however, the treatment of PD with conventional drugs carries serious adverse reactions and cannot fix the root cause of PD, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which limits conventional drug usage in clinical practice. In recent years, research on the pathogenesis of PD and its clinical manifestations has led to the discovery of an increasing number of novel targets in PD, including several small molecule targeted compounds.

Long noncoding RNA UCA1 modulates breast cancer cell growth and apoptosis through decreasing tumor suppressive miR-143.

Objective: Long non coding RNA (LncRNA) urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) is an oncogene in breast cancer. However, the detailed mechanism has not been fully revealed. This study explored whether UCA1 can directly interact with miR-143, a tumor suppressor in breast cancer and whether the UCA1-miR-143 axis is involved in regulation of cancer cell growth and apoptosis.

High MALAT1 expression predicts a poor prognosis of cervical cancer and promotes cancer cell growth and invasion.

Objective: Although the oncogenic role of long non-coding RNA, MALAT1 in cervical cancer is gradually recognized, the clinical and prognostic significance of this lncRNA in cervical cancer has not been reported yet. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of MALAT1 in cervical cancer.

Patients And Methods: MALAT1 expression in 104 cervical cancer tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues, as well as in 50 HPV negative healthy cervical tissues were quantified using qRT-PCR.

rs11671784 G/A variation in miR-27a decreases chemo-sensitivity of bladder cancer by decreasing miR-27a and increasing the target RUNX-1 expression.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11671784 is in the loop of pre-miR-27a and the G/A variation can significantly decrease mature miR-27a expression. This study explored the role of miR-27a in chemo-sensitivity of bladder cancer and how rs11671784 G/A variation affects the sensitivity. Blood and tumor samples from 89 bladder cancer cases were analyzed.