Health Outcomes of Construction Workers Building Infrastructure for Mega-Sporting Events: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Migrant construction workers involved in building infrastructure for mega-sporting events face elevated risks of illness and death. However, specific health outcomes for these workers have not been systematically reviewed, limiting opportunities to identify and address their challenges.

Methods: This study systematically reviewed health outcomes among migrant construction workers involved in mega-sporting events.

Exploring the Mechanisms of Iron Overload-Induced Liver Injury in Rats Based on Transcriptomics and Proteomics.

Iron is a trace element that is indispensable for the growth and development of animals. Excessive iron supplementation may lead to iron overload and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in animals, causing cellular damage. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism by which iron overload causes cell injury remains to be fully elucidated.

Application of a ImageJ-Based Method to Measure Blood Flow in Adult Zebrafish and Its Applications for Toxicological and Pharmacological Assessments.

Blood flow is an important physiological endpoint to measure cardiovascular performance in animals. Because of their innate transparent bodies, zebrafish is an excellent animal model for assessing in vivo cardiovascular performance. Previously, various helpful methods for measuring blood flow in zebrafish larvae were discovered and developed.

Proximate Composition and In Vitro Bioactive Properties of Leaf Extracts from Seven Species.

, an edible wild plant, is valued for its distinctive flavor and health-promoting properties. This study examines the proximate composition, bioactive compounds, and in vitro biological activities of seven leaves (, , , , var. , and ).

Identification of Oligopeptides in the Distillates from Various Rounds of Soy Sauce-Flavored Baijiu and Their Effect on the Ester-Acid-Alcohol Profile in Baijiu.

Endogenous peptides in Baijiu have primarily focused on finished liquor research, with limited attention given to the peptides in base liquor prior to blending. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to identify endogenous peptides in the distillates from the first to seventh rounds of soy sauce-flavored Baijiu. Two hundred and five oligopeptides were identified from these distillates, all of which had molecular weights below 1000 Da and were composed of amino acid residues associated with flavor (sweet, sour, and bitter) and biological activity.

Application of Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks in Food Safety.

This review explores the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in food safety detection and risk prediction. This paper highlights the advantages of CNNs in image processing and feature recognition, as well as the powerful capabilities of RNNs (especially their variant LSTM) in time series data modeling. This paper also makes a comparative analysis in many aspects: Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of traditional food safety detection and risk prediction methods are compared with deep learning technologies such as CNNs and RNNs.

Hybrid Modification of Wheat Bran Using Microbial Processing and Ultrasound: Enhancements in Bran Composition and Bread Quality.

This study investigates the effects of microbial bioprocessing (MB), ultrasound treatment (UT), and their combined application (hybrid method, HM) on the functional and nutritional enhancement of wheat bran (WB) and its impact on bread quality. MB was performed by using with LABE 32 (MB32) and LABE 29 (MB29). MB32 significantly increased soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and reduced phytic acid content by up to 25.

Quality Preservation and Shelf-Life Extension of Prickly Pear ( L. ) Using Edible Coatings.

Prickly pear consumption is increasing across the world due to its rich variety of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Yet, it is a seasonal and highly perishable fruit, and the application of edible coatings emerges as an alternative to extend its shelf life. In this work, the effects of alginate, starch, chitosan, and pectin as coatings on the physicochemical, bioactive, microbiological, and textural properties of two prickly pear varieties (orange and red), kept under refrigeration (5 ± 2 °C) were evaluated for 6 weeks.

Fc-binding nanodisc restores antiviral efficacy of antibodies with reduced neutralizing effects against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Passive antibody therapies, typically administered via parenteral routes, have played a crucial role in the initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has revealed significant limitations of this approach, primarily due to mutational escape and the inadequate delivery of antibodies to the upper respiratory tract. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel prophylactic strategy involving the intranasal delivery of an antibody in combination with an Fc-binding nanodisc.

Amplification Bias-Free Sequence-Generic Exponential Amplification Reaction.

Despite the unique advantage of the isothermal exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) for the rapid detection of short nucleic acids, it severely suffers from the drawback of sequence-dependent amplification bias, mainly arising from the secondary structures of the EXPAR template under the commonly used reaction temperature (55 °C). As such, the limits of detection (LOD) for different target sequences may vary considerably from aM to nM. Here we report a sequence-generic exponential amplification reaction (SG-EXPAR) that eliminates sequence-dependent amplification bias and achieves similar amplification performance for different targets with generally sub-fM LODs.

Identification of Oligosaccharide Isomers Using Electrostatically Asymmetric OmpF Nanopore.

Glycans, unlike uniformly charged DNA and compositionally diverse peptides, are typically uncharged and exhibit rich stereoisomeric diversity in the glycosidic bonds between two monosaccharide units. This heterogeneity of charge and the structural complexity present significant challenges for accurate analysis. Herein, we developed a novel single-molecule oligosaccharide sensor, OmpF nanopore.

Physicochemical properties and biological interaction of calcium silicate-based sealers - in vivo model.

Objectives: To investigate volumetric changes, in vivo biocompatibility, and systemic migration from eight commercial endodontic sealer materials in paste/paste, powder/liquid, and pre-mixed forms.

Materials And Methods: The sealers AH Plus Bioceramic, AH Plus Jet, BioRoot RCS, MTApex, Bio-C Sealer, Bio-C Sealer Ion+, EndoSequence BC Sealer and NeoSEALER Flo were studied. After characterisation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), tubes were implanted in Wistar rats' alveolar bone and subcutaneous tissues.

Revealing catalyst restructuring and composition during nitrate electroreduction through correlated operando microscopy and spectroscopy.

Electrocatalysts alter their structure and composition during reaction, which can in turn create new active/selective phases. Identifying these changes is crucial for determining how morphology controls catalytic properties but the mechanisms by which operating conditions shape the catalyst's working state are not yet fully understood. In this study, we show using correlated operando microscopy and spectroscopy that as well-defined CuO cubes evolve under electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction conditions, distinct catalyst motifs are formed depending on the applied potential and the chemical environment.

Expanding the frontiers of electrocatalysis: advanced theoretical methods for water splitting.

Electrochemical water splitting, which encompasses the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), offers a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production. The development of efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts is crucial for advancing this technology, especially given the reliance on expensive transition metals, such as Pt and Ir, in traditional catalysts. This review highlights recent advances in the design and optimization of electrocatalysts, focusing on density functional theory (DFT) as a key tool for understanding and improving catalytic performance in the HER and OER.

A data driven machine learning approach for predicting and optimizing sulfur compound adsorption on metal organic frameworks.

This study employed some machine learning (ML) techniques with Python programming to forecast the adsorption capacity of MOF adsorbents for thiophenic compounds namely benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), and 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). Five ML models were developed with the help of a dataset containing 676 rows to correlate the adsorbent features, adsorption conditions, and adsorbate characteristics to the MOF sample's sulfur adsorption capability. Among the ML approaches, MLP model achieved the best performance with a low mean squared error (MSE) of 0.

Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion battery recycling and mining supply chains.

Recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can supplement critical materials and improve the environmental sustainability of LIB supply chains. In this work, environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, energy consumption) of industrial-scale production of battery-grade cathode materials from end-of-life LIBs are compared to those of conventional mining supply chains. Converting mixed-stream LIBs into battery-grade materials reduces environmental impacts by at least 58%.

Advancing neutron imaging techniques to highest resolution with fluorescent nuclear track detectors.

Neutron imaging is a nondestructive and noninvasive inspection technique with a wide range of potential applications. However, the fundamentals of this technique still need to be improved, one of which involves achieving micrometer scale or even better resolution, which is a challenging task. Recently, a high-resolution neutron imaging device based on fine-grained nuclear emulsions was developed.

Silver single atoms and nanoparticles on floatable monolithic photocatalysts for synergistic solar water disinfection.

Photocatalytic water disinfection technology is highly promising in off-grid areas due to abundant year-round solar irradiance. However, the practical use of powdered photocatalysts is impeded by limited recovery and inefficient inactivation of stress-resistant bacteria in oligotrophic surface water. Here we prepare a floatable monolithic photocatalyst with ZIF-8-NH loaded Ag single atoms and nanoparticles (Ag/ZIF).

Mechanical force-induced interlayer sliding in interfacial ferroelectrics.

Moiré superlattices in two-dimensional stacks have attracted worldwide interest due to their unique electronic properties. A typical example is the moiré ferroelectricity, where adjacent moirés exhibit opposite spontaneous polarization that can be switched through interlayer sliding. However, in contrast to ideal regular ferroelectric moiré domains (equilateral triangles) built in most theoretical models, the unavoidable irregular moiré supercells (non-equilateral triangles) induced by external strain fields during the transfer process have been given less attention.

Carbon-carbon triple bond cleavage and reconstitution to achieve aryl amidation using nitrous acid esters.

C-C bond cleavage and recombination provide an efficient strategy for the modification and reconstruction of molecule structures. Herein, we present a method for achieving amidation of aryl C(sp)-H bond through the cleavage and recombination of C-C triple bond with the involvement of nitrous acid esters. This method marks the instance of precise and controlled stepwise cleavage of C-C triple bond, offering a fresh perspective for the cleavage of such bonds.

Electrosynthesis of ethylene glycol from biomass glycerol.

Ethylene glycol, a widely used chemical, has a large global capacity exceeding 40 million tons per year. Nevertheless, its production is heavily reliant on fossil fuels, resulting in substantial CO emissions. Herein, we report an approach for electrochemically producing ethylene glycol from biomass glycerol.

Suppressing Jahn-Teller distortion of MnO via B-Ni dual single-atoms integration for methane catalytic combustion.

Precisely managing electron transfer pathways throughout the catalytic reaction is paramount for bolstering both the efficacy and endurance of catalysts, offering a pivotal solution to addressing concerns surrounding host structure destabilization and cycling life degradation. This paper describes the integration of B-Ni dual single-atoms within MnO channels to serve as an electronic reservoir to direct the electron transfer route during methane catalytic combustion. Comprehensive analysis discovers that B atoms weaken the interaction between O and Mn atoms by forming bonds with lattice oxygen atoms.

Triplet-ground-state nonalternant nanographene with high stability and long spin lifetimes.

High-spin carbon-based polyradicals exhibit significant potential for applications in quantum information storage and sensing; however, their practical application is hampered by limited structural diversity and chemical instability. Here, we report a straightforward synthetic and isolation method for synthesizing a nonalternant nanographene (1) with a triplet ground state. Moving beyond the classic m-xylylene scaffold for high-spin organic molecules, seven-five-seven (7-5-7)-membered rings are introduced to create stable high-spin diradicals with half-lives (t) as long as 101 days.

Branched endosomal disruptor (BEND) lipids mediate delivery of mRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex for hepatic gene editing and T cell engineering.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the preeminent non-viral drug delivery vehicle for mRNA-based therapies. Immense effort has been placed on optimizing the ionizable lipid (IL) structure, which contains an amine core conjugated to lipid tails, as small molecular adjustments can result in substantial changes in the overall efficacy of the resulting LNPs. However, despite some advancements, a major barrier for LNP delivery is endosomal escape.