A florigen-expressing subpopulation of companion cells expresses other small proteins and reveals a nitrogen-sensitive repressor.

The precise onset of flowering is crucial to ensure successful plant reproduction. The gene () encodes florigen, a mobile signal produced in leaves that initiates flowering at the shoot apical meristem. In response to seasonal changes, is induced in phloem companion cells located in distal leaf regions.

Genome wide identification of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene family in Cucumis sativus (cucumber) against abiotic stress.

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is a widely studied enzyme in plant biology due to its role in connecting primary metabolism to secondary phenylpropanoid metabolism, significantly influencing plant growth, development, and stress response. Although PAL genes have been extensively studied in various plant species but their exploration in cucumber has been limited. This study successfully identified 11 CsPAL genes in Cucumis sativus (cucumber).

Network medicine-based epistasis detection in complex diseases: ready for quantum computing.

Most heritable diseases are polygenic. To comprehend the underlying genetic architecture, it is crucial to discover the clinically relevant epistatic interactions (EIs) between genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (1-3). Existing statistical computational methods for EI detection are mostly limited to pairs of SNPs due to the combinatorial explosion of higher-order EIs.

Exploring the impact of estrogen-related receptor gamma on metabolism and disease.

Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) is a member of the ERR orphan nuclear receptor family which possesses three subtypes, α, β, and γ. ERRγ is reportedly predominantly expressed in metabolically active tissues and cells, which promotes positive and negative effects in different tissues. ERRγ overexpression in the liver, pancreas, and thyroid cells is related to liver cancer, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, and carcinoma.

Epoxidation of perillyl alcohol by engineered bacterial cytochrome P450 BM3.

Perillyl alcohol (POH) is a secondary metabolite of plants. POH and its derivatives are known to be effective as an anticancer treatment. In this study, oxidative derivatives of POH, which are difficult to synthesize chemically, were synthesized using the engineered bacterial cytochrome P450 BM3 (CYP102A1) as a biocatalyst.

Genome-wide analysis and identification of Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenase (CCO) gene family in coffee (coffee arabica) under abiotic stress.

The coffee industry holds importance, providing livelihoods for millions of farmers globally and playing a vital role in the economies of coffee-producing countries. Environmental conditions such as drought and temperature fluctuations can adversely affect the quality and yield of coffee crops.Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCO) enzymes are essential for coffee plants as they help break down carotenoids contributing to growth and stress resistance.

Therapeutic effects of a novel synthetic α-secretase.

Excessive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) has been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical studies have further proven that elimination of Aβ can be a viable therapeutic option. In the current study, we conceptualized a fusion membrane protein, referred to as synthetic α-secretase (SAS), that can cleave amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ specifically at the α-site.

Development of an anti-tauopathy mucosal vaccine specifically targeting pathologic conformers.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies are associated with pathological tau protein aggregation, which plays an important role in neurofibrillary degeneration and dementia. Targeted immunotherapy to eliminate pathological tau aggregates is known to improve cognitive deficits in AD animal models. The tau repeat domain (TauRD) plays a pivotal role in tau-microtubule interactions and is critically involved in the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins.

Molecular Mechanism Study of Dietary Fiber Lignin Intervention in Ulcerative Colitis through GPR37.

Lignin is dietary fiber from plant cell walls with multiple biological antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether lignin protects from ulcerative colitis (UC) and underlying mechanisms is unclear. Herein, UC mouse modeling was established with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and treatment with lignin for 1 week.

Promising properties of cytochrome P450 BM3 reconstituted from separate domains by split intein.

Recombinant cytochrome P450 monooxygenases possess significant potential as biocatalysts, and efforts to improve heme content, electron coupling efficiency, and catalytic activity and stability are ongoing. Domain swapping between heme and reductase domains, whether natural or engineered, has thus received increasing attention. Here, we successfully achieved split intein-mediated reconstitution (IMR) of the heme and reductase domains of P450 BM3 both in vitro and in vivo.

The Loss of an Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR2E3 Augments Wnt/β-catenin Signaling via Epigenetic Dysregulation that Enhances Sp1-β catenin-p300 Interactions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The orphan nuclear receptor NR2E3 (Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E, Member 3) is an epigenetic player that modulates chromatin accessibility to activate p53 during liver injury. Nonetheless, a precise tumor suppressive and epigenetic role of NR2E3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains unclear. HCC patients expressing low NR2E3 exhibit unfavorable clinical outcomes, aligning with heightened activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Executive Summary of 2023 International Conference of the Korean Dementia Association (IC-KDA 2023): A Report From the Academic Committee of the Korean Dementia Association.

The Korean Dementia Association (KDA) has been organizing biennial international academic conferences since 2019, with the International Conference of the KDA (IC-KDA) 2023 held in Busan under the theme 'Beyond Boundaries: Advancing Global Dementia Solutions.' The conference comprised 6 scientific sessions, 3 plenary lectures, and 4 luncheon symposiums, drawing 804 participants from 35 countries. Notably, a Korea-Taiwan Joint Symposium addressed insights into Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Biotransformation of 2-keto-4-hydroxybutyrate via aldol condensation using an efficient and thermostable carboligase from Deinococcus radiodurans.

The bioconversion of 4-hydroxy-2-keto acid derivatives via aldol condensation of formaldehyde and pyruvate has received substantial attention as potential source of chemicals for production of amino acids, hydroxy carboxylic acids, and chiral aldehydes. We developed an environmentally friendly biocatalyst consisting of a novel thermostable class II pyruvate aldolase from Deinococcus radiodurans with maltose-binding protein (MBP-DrADL), which has specific activity of 46.3 µmol min mg.

Discovery of diverse species at the Cambrian series 2 Hongjingshao formation Xiazhuang section (Kunming, SW China) and its ecological, taphonomic, and biostratigraphic implications.

species are intermediate- to large-sized Cambrian bivalved arthropods. Previous studies have documented exclusively from the Cambrian Series 2 Stage 3 Chengjiang biota in Yu'anshan Formation, Chiungchussu Stage in SW China. In this study, we report sp.

Effects of tillage and maturity stage on the yield, nutritive composition, and silage fermentation quality of whole-crop wheat.

Whole-crop wheat (, WCW) has a high nutritional value and digestibility. No-tillage (NT) can reduces energy and labor inputs in the agricultural production process, thus decreasing production costs. There are many studies on planting techniques of WCW at present, few being on no-tillage planting.

Genetics aspect of vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) biosynthesis and signaling pathways in fruits and vegetables crops.

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient that plays a critical role in many physiological processes in plants and animals. In humans, vitamin C is an antioxidant, reducing agent, and cofactor in diverse chemical processes. The established role of vitamin C as an antioxidant in plants is well recognized.

3-Methylcatechol mediates anti-fecundity effect by inhibiting estrogen-related receptor-induced glycolytic gene expression in Myzus persicae.

Aphids are a major problem in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry by feeding on leaves and stems, causing discoloration, leaf curling, yellowing, and stunted growth. Although urushiol, a phenolic compound containing a catechol structure, is known for its antioxidant and anticancer properties, using small molecules to control aphids via catechol-mediated mechanisms is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of 3-methylcatechol (3-MC) on Myzus persicae fecundity.

Oral Administration of Probiotic Bacteria Alleviates Tau Phosphorylation, Aβ Accumulation, Microglia Activation, and Memory Loss in 5xFAD Mice.

The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a significant role in various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the gut microbiome (GM) can bidirectionally communicate with the brain through the GBA. Thus, recent evidence indicates that the GM may affect the pathological features and the progression of AD in humans. The aim of our study was to elucidate the impact of probiotics on the pathological features of AD in a 5xFAD model.

ERRγ-inducible FGF23 promotes alcoholic liver injury through enhancing CYP2E1 mediated hepatic oxidative stress.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a member of endocrine FGF family, along with FGF15/19 and FGF21. Recent reports showed that under pathological conditions, liver produces FGF23, although the role of hepatic FGF23 remains nebulous. Here, we investigated the role of hepatic FGF23 in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and delineated the underlying molecular mechanism.

Metabolism of phenolic compounds catalyzed by Tomato CYP736A61.

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) regulate plant growth and stress responses by producing diverse primary and secondary metabolites. However, the function of many plant CYPs remains unknown because, despite their structural similarity, predicting the enzymatic activity of CYPs is difficult. In this study, one member of the CYP736A subfamily (CYP736A61) from tomatoes was isolated and characterized its enzymatic functions.

CAR-T cell therapeutic avenue for fighting cardiac fibrosis: Roadblocks and perspectives.

Heart diseases remain the primary cause of human mortality in the world. Although conventional therapeutic opportunities fail to halt or recover cardiac fibrosis, the promising clinical results and therapeutic efficacy of engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy show several advancements. However, the current models of CAR-T cells need further improvement since the T cells are associated with the triggering of excessive inflammatory cytokines that directly affect cardiac functions.

Regulation of long-range BMP gradients and embryonic polarity by propagation of local calcium-firing activity.

Many amniote vertebrate species including humans can form identical twins from a single embryo, but this only occurs rarely. It has been suggested that the primitive-streak-forming embryonic region emits signals that inhibit streak formation elsewhere but the signals involved, how they are transmitted and how they act has not been elucidated. Here we show that short tracks of calcium firing activity propagate through extraembryonic tissue via gap junctions and prevent ectopic primitive streak formation in chick embryos.