Development of a tertiary lymphoid structure-based prognostic model for breast cancer: integrating single-cell sequencing and machine learning to enhance patient outcomes.

Background: Breast cancer, a highly prevalent global cancer, poses significant challenges, especially in advanced stages. Prognostic models are crucial to enhance patient outcomes. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the tumor microenvironment have been associated with better prognostic outcomes.

Prospect of extracellular vesicles in tumor immunotherapy.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as cell-derived small vesicles, facilitate intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME) by transporting biomolecules. EVs from different sources have varied contents, demonstrating differentiated functions that can either promote or inhibit cancer progression. Thus, regulating the formation, secretion, and intake of EVs becomes a new strategy for cancer intervention.

A comparative analysis of influenza and COVID-19: Environmental-ecological impacts, socioeconomic implications, and future challenges.

In the last century, global pandemics have been primarily driven by respiratory infections, which consistently rank among the top 20 causes of death worldwide. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the intricate nature of managing multiple health crises simultaneously. In recent years, climate change has emerged as a major biosafety and population health challenge.

Rapidly quantification of intact infectious H1N1 virus using ICA-qPCR and PMA-qPCR.

The increase in emerging and reemerging infectious diseases has underscored the need for the prompt monitoring of intact infectious viruses and the quick assessment of their infectivity. However, molecular techniques cannot distinguish between intact infectious and noninfectious viruses. Here, two distinct methodologies have been developed for the expeditious and dependable quantification of intact infectious H1N1 virus, and several experiments have been conducted to substantiate their efficacy.

Rapid generation and characterization of recombinant HCoV-OC43-VR1558 infectious clones expressing reporter Renilla luciferase.

Viral infectious clones (ICs) serve as robust platforms for studying viral biology and screening antiviral agents using reverse genetics. However, the molecular profiles and complex limitations of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) pose a challenge to ICs development. In this study, we report a novel platform to develop the ICs for HCoV-OC43-VR1558 using a one-step assembly method in yeast by transformation-associated recombination (TAR) technology.

Narciclasine inhibits vaccinia virus infection by activating the RhoA signaling pathway.

In 2022, a sharp rise in global cases of mpox virus (MPXV) led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a public health emergency of international concern. However, progress in developing drugs targeting MPXV has been slow. Here, we investigate the natural alkaloid narciclasine as a potential inhibitor of poxviruses.

Towards the first synthetic eukaryotic cell.

With the rapid advance in synthetic biology and the expanding field of synthetic genomics, the realization of a redesigned yeast genome has become an achievable milestone. Multiple eukaryotic chromosomes, meticulously designed and synthesized, are now being systematically integrated to create an entirely synthetic eukaryotic cell. This comprehensive review examines the fundamental design principles and construction strategies, highlighting critical technological breakthroughs in pursuing the first synthetic eukaryotic cell.

Role of metal(ii) hexacyanocobaltate(iii) surface chemistry for prebiotic peptides synthesis.

Double metal cyanide (DMC), a heterogeneous catalyst, provides a surface for the polymerization of amino acids. Based on the hypothesis, the present study is designed to evaluate favorable environmental conditions for the chemical evolution and origin of life, such as the effects of temperature and time on the oligomerization of glycine and alanine on metal(ii) hexacyanocobaltate(iii), MHCCo. A series of MHCCo complexes were synthesized and characterized by XRD and FT-IR techniques.

Population Genetic Structure and Human Adaptation of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus.

Background: Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the etiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma, is human-specific and is thought to have emerged from primate-infecting gammaherpesviruses. KSHV seroprevalence shows geographic variation, being highest in sub-Saharan Africa, intermediate in the Mediterranean area, and low in most other locations. However, KSHV prevalence is also particularly high in specific regions such as the Miyako Islands (Japan).

Profiling hippocampal neuronal populations reveals unique gene expression mosaics reflective of connectivity-based degeneration in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit neurological deficits throughout life including the development of in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and cognitive impairment. At the cellular level, dysregulation in neuronal gene expression is observed in postmortem human brain and mouse models of DS/AD. To date, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of hippocampal neuronal gene expression including the characterization of discrete circuit-based connectivity in DS remains a major knowledge gap.

TRP channels and breast cancer: the role of TRPs in the pathophysiological development.

TRP channels play important roles in regulating various physiological and pathological processes, including the progression of cancer. Several TRP channels mediate tumour development. This review focuses on the role of TRP channels in the development of breast cancer, including their involvement in proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis, and angiogenesis.

Extinction studies in focus: Reflections on photography at a time of ecological decline.

Through compositional inclusion or exclusion, the photograph can assert and communicate what belongs in a picture, in a landscape, in an ecosystem. It can illuminate what we deem conservation-worthy, or, on a larger scale, which extinctions are attention-worthy. Photographic practice helps to illuminate the active nature of extinction, and our choices as actors and witnesses within that process.

Parasites and plantations: Disease, environment and society in efforts to induce extinction of hookworm in Jamaica, 1919-1936.

Studies of extinction typically focus on unintended losses of biodiversity and culture. This study, however, examines an attempt to induce extinction of a parasite: human hookworm ( and ). Our interdisciplinary approach integrates medical history and epidemiology using records created by the Jamaica Hookworm Commission of 1919-1936.

PGAM5 Modulates Macrophage Polarization, Aggravating Inflammation in COPD via the NF-κB Pathway.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has emerged as a very consequential issue threatening human life and health; therefore, research on its pathogenesis is urgently needed. A prior investigation discovered a significant elevation in the phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) expression in the lung tissue of COPD smoking patients. This rise in expression is closely associated with COPD severity.

Collective escape waves provide a generic defence against different avian predators.

In many animal species, collective behaviours can be explained by a simple set of interaction rules. It is an intriguing question whether this generality at the level of mechanism also translates into generality at the level of function. Assuming that collective behaviour provides antipredator benefits for the partaking individuals, we ask whether the same collective behaviour provides protection against different predators in general.

Coordination in strictly metric-free swarms: evidence for the existence of biological diversity.

Coordination serves as a crucial metric for analysing collective behaviour in complex systems. Given the prevalence of biological diversity, this study re-evaluated the coordination issue in strictly metric-free (SMF) swarms, incorporating both limited perceptual ranges and hierarchical dynamics. Initially, the study introduced a single-layer hierarchical SMF model that was optimized using differential evolution strategies.

Real-time organ perfusion monitoring of human kidney transplants using normothermic perfusion and reflectance spectroscopy.

Transplantation is the standard treatment for end-stage kidney disease but carries with it a non-trivial risk of post-operative complication. There is a need for a continuous, real-time, not additionally invasive method of monitoring organ perfusion. We present an approach to allograft perfusion monitoring using a human kidney model using normothermic perfusion (EVNP) and custom spectroscopic optical reflectance probes.

Investigating Efficacy of Atopic Dermatitis Systemic Therapeutics After Discontinuation Part I: Biologics.

Objective: The authors sought to review published literature on the efficacy of biologics as monotherapy for atopic dermatitis (AD) following discontinuation.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted examining drug withdrawal in AD clinical trials where participants were treated with biologics. Trials were included if they exclusively involved participants with AD that reported the maintenance or achievement of Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI)-75 and Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) scores of 0 or 1 after withdrawal of biologic therapy.

From the Masterclasses in Dermatology 2024 Meeting: Updates in Psoriasis Treatments.

Psoriasis (PsO) is an immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory skin disease that significantly impairs quality of life. Its treatment landscape is rapidly evolving, providing better disease control. Here, we highlight updates in biologics, obtaining coverage for biologics under Medicare, the PsO-to-psoriatic arthritis (PsA) transition, and orally administered drugs, as presented at the 2024 Masterclass in Dermatology in Puerto Rico.

Achievement of Optimal Treatment Targets with Oral Janus Kinase Inhibition in Elderly Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Real-world, Multicenter, Retrospective Study.

Objective: Oral Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have demonstrated high levels of efficacy with acceptable safety in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), yet there remains significant hesitancy among the dermatologic community to use JAKi in elderly populations due to the potential increased risk of serious adverse events in this population. We aimed to perform a retrospective review to describe real-world outcomes for the use of selective JAK-1 inhibitors in patients with AD aged 65 years or older.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective review.

Functional stasis and changing habitat preferences among mammalian communities from the PETM of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming.

The transition between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs (ca. 56 Ma) was marked by a period of rapid global warming of 5 °C to 8 °C following a carbon isotope excursion (CIE) lasting 200 ky or less referred to as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The PETM precipitated a significant shift in the composition of North American floral communities and major mammalian turnover.

The diversity of ignorance and the ignorance of diversity: origins and implications of "shadow diversity" for conservation biology and extinction.

Biodiversity shortfalls and taxonomic bias can lead to inaccurate assessment of conservation priorities. Previous literature has begun to explore practical reasons why some species are discovered sooner or are better researched than others. However, the deeper socio-cultural causes for undiscovered and neglected biodiversity, and the value of collectively analysing species at risk of unrecorded, or "dark", extinction, are yet to be fully examined.

Rethinking extinction "crises": The case of Asian songbird trade.

Different stakeholders and actors frequently describe environmental challenges as 'crises'. These crises are often wicked problems that are difficult to resolve due to the complex and contradictory nature of the evidence and knowledge systems surrounding them. Here, we examine a crisis narrative surrounding the IUCN-declared Asian Songbird Crisis (ASC), with its epicentre in Indonesia, where an extensive birdkeeping culture persists.

Identifying species traits that predict vulnerability to climate change.

Accurately predicting the vulnerabilities of species to climate change requires a more detailed understanding of the functional and life-history traits that make some species more susceptible to declines and extinctions in shifting climates. This is because existing trait-based correlates of extinction risk from climate and environmental disturbances vary widely, often being idiosyncratic and context dependent. A powerful solution is to analyse the growing volume of biological data on changes in species ranges and abundances using process-explicit ecological models that run at fine temporal and spatial scales and across large geographical extents.

: Estimating the number and ongoing rate of extinctions of Australian non-marine invertebrates.

Biodiversity is in rapid decline, but the extent of loss is not well resolved for poorly known groups. We estimate the number of extinctions for Australian non-marine invertebrates since the European colonisation of the continent. Our analyses use a range of approaches, incorporate stated uncertainties and recognise explicit caveats.