SHED-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Sjögren's Syndrome-Induced Hyposalivation by Suppressing Th1 Cell Response via the miR-29a-3p/T-bet Axis.

: Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease, was characterized by sicca syndrome and systemic manifestations, presenting significant treatment challenges. Exosomes, naturally derived nanoparticles containing bioactive molecules, have garnered interest in regenerative medicine. The present study aimed to elucidate the immunoregulatory properties and mechanism of exosomes obtained from the stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-exos) in SS-induced sialadenitis.

Advancing precision and personalized breast cancer treatment through multi-omics technologies.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumour in women, with more than 685,000 women dying of breast cancer each year. The heterogeneity of breast cancer complicates both treatment and diagnosis. Traditional methods based on histopathology and hormone receptor status are now no longer sufficient.

Activating the Astrocytes of the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus via Its Neural Circuits With the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Improves Depression in Mice.

Astrocytes are the primary cell type in the central nervous system, responsible for maintaining the stability of the brain's internal environment and supporting neuronal functions. Researches have demonstrated the close relationship between astrocytes and the pathophysiology and etiology of major depressive disorder. However, the regulatory mechanisms of astrocytes during depression remain unclear.

Myeloid cells meet CD8 T cell exhaustion in cancer: What, why and how.

Exhausted T cell (Tex) is a specific state of T cell dysfunction, in which these T cells gradually lose their effector function and change their phenotype during chronic antigen stimulation. The enrichment of exhausted CD8 T cell (CD8 Tex) in the tumor microenvironment is one of the important reasons leading to the poor efficacy of immunotherapy. Recent studies have reported many reasons leading to the CD8 T cell exhaustion.

The phonation test can distinguish the patient with Parkinson's disease via Bayes inference.

Unlabelled: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with various clinical manifestations caused by multiple risk factors. However, the effect of different factors and relationships between different features related to PD and the extent of those factors leading to the incidence of PD remains unclear. we employed Bayesian network to construct a prediction model.

HBx Facilitates Drug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via CD133-regulated Self-renewal of Liver Cancer Stem Cells.

Background And Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and recurrence, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that HBV infection may be associated with liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs), but the exact mechanisms are yet to be resolved. In this study, we aimed to analyze the role of HBV infection in regulating the stemness of HCCs, which is closely linked to drug resistance.

Preparation and preclinical evaluation of Ga-labeled alendronate analogs for diagnosis of bone metastases.

Bone is one of the most common target organs for distant metastases of solid tumors, which imposes a heavy burden on society. Early diagnosis of bone metastases is of great significance and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of bone metastases. PET tracers applied for diagnosing bone metastases are constantly being updated, but they all have certain limitations like a relatively low bone/kidney ratio or no capacity to label therapeutic radionuclides.

Gender Inequalities in Employment of Parents Caring for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in China: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The increasing need for child care is placing a burden on parents, including those with children with autism.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the employment status of Chinese mothers and fathers with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as to investigate the factors that affected their employment decisions.

Methods: An online national survey was completed by the parents of 5018 children and adolescents with ASD aged 2-17 years (4837 couples, 181 single mothers, and 148 single fathers).

Bifunctional probe propelling multipath strand displacement amplification tandem CRISPR/Cas12a for ultrasensitive and robust assay of DNA methyltransferase activity.

Background: DNA methylation catalyzed by various DNA methyltransferases (DNA MTases) is one of the important epigenetic regulations in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Therefore, the detection of DNA MTase activity is a vital target and direction in the study of methylation-related diseases.

Results: In this study, an ultrasensitive and robust strategy was developed for DNA MTase activity sensing based on bifunctional probe propelling multipath strand displacement amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a techniques.

Dahuang-Gancao Decoction Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Androgenetic Alopecia in Mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Dahuang-Gancao decoction (DGD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula that is recorded in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, and is widely used to treat damp-heat in the body. Since the pathological factors of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) also reflect damp-heat blockage, DGD has great potential for the treatment of AGA and has been used effectively in clinical practice.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of the study was to investigate whether external application of DGD could promote the activation and proliferation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and improve AGA through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Oral and Fecal Microbiota as Accurate Non-invasive Tools for Detection of Pancreatic Cancer in the Chinese Population.

Pancreatic cancer (PCA), a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, has limited non-invasive diagnostic methods. We aimed to identify oral and fecal microbiome biomarkers and construct diagnostic classifiers. Oral and fecal samples from 97 PCA patients and 90 healthy controls underwent 16S rRNA sequencing.

Sibanin, a novel black fly-derived Kunitz protease inhibitor, prevents thrombus formation in mice by anticoagulation-antiplatelet duality.

Most Kunitz inhibitors exhibit serine protease inhibitory activity, but limited information is available on the regulation of platelet function. Herein, we report the purification and characterization of a novel single Kunitz domain inhibitor (Sibanin) from the salivary glands of the black fly Simulium bannaense. Recombinant Sibanin prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, and exhibited high-affinity binding to FXa and elastase with a KD of 5.

Clinical and molecular analysis of ESBL, carbapenemase, and colistin-resistant bacteria in UTI patients.

Uropathogens, particularly bacteria, can infect any part of the urinary tract and cause bacteriuria. Our study aimed to examine the antibiotic-resistant profile, associated risk factors, and phenotypic and genotypic features of ESBL, carbapenemase, and mcr resistance genes in multidrug-resistant bacteria. Samples were inoculated on culture media, identified using standard biochemical tests, and species confirmation was performed via 16S rRNA gene amplification.

Efficient Gene Delivery Admitted by small Metabolites Specifically Targeting Astrocytes in the Mouse Brain.

The development of efficient and targeted methods for delivering DNA in vivo has long been a major focus of research. In this study, we introduce a gene Delivery approach Admitted by small Metabolites, named gDAM, for the efficient and targeted delivery of naked DNA into astrocytes in the adult brains of mice. gDAM utilizes a straightforward combination of DNA and small metabolites, including glycine, L-proline, L-serine, L-histidine, D-alanine, Gly-Gly, and Gly-Gly-Gly, to achieve astrocyte-specific delivery of naked DNA, resulting in transient and robust gene expression in these cells.

Role of sirtuins in obesity and osteoporosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

The prevalence of obesity and osteoporosis (OP) represents a significant public health concern on a global scale. A substantial body of evidence indicates that there is a complex relationship between obesity and OP, with a correlation between the occurrence of OP and obesity. In recent years, sirtuins have emerged as a prominent area of interest in the fields of aging and endocrine metabolism.

Efficacy and safety of proton radiotherapy in treating choroidal melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Proton beam therapy (PBT) has been gradually introduced for treating choroidal melanoma. This study systematically reviewed clinical reports to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PBT in choroidal melanoma patients.

Methods: This systematic review included all the primary studies involving PBT for choroidal melanoma patients through April 2024.

Comparison of the safety and efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapy versus tenecteplase in patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) versus tenecteplase in minor non-disabling acute ischemic stroke. This retrospective observational study utilized data from our stroke database. All consecutive patients with minor non-disabling acute ischemic stroke treated with either DAPT or tenecteplase between January 2020 and June 2023 were included in the analysis.

18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting GPX4-dependent ferroptosis.

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin that severely contaminates agri-food products can cause hepatotoxicity. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death, and the liver is an important organ for iron accumulation. 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has anti-ferroptosis and hepatoprotective effects.

Advancement in synthetic gene circuits engineering: An alternative strategy for microRNA imaging and disease theranostics.

Gene circuits, which are genetically engineered systems designed to regulate gene expression, are emerging as powerful tools in disease theranostics, especially in mammalian cells. This review explores the latest advances in the design and application of gene circuits for detecting and treating various diseases. Synthetic gene circuits, inspired by electronic systems, offer precise control over therapeutic gene activity, allowing for real-time, user-defined responses to pathological signals.

SEPT5 overexpression predicts poor prognosis and promotes progression through feedback regulation of HIF-1α in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), a predominant subtype of renal cell carcinoma, significantly contributes to the heightened morbidity and mortality in individuals diagnosed with urologic tumors. The challenges posed by high malignancy at the initial diagnosis of ccRCC, therapeutic resistance, and unfavorable patient prognosis remain largely unresolved. Our findings indicate that SEPT5 is upregulated in ccRCC and this upregulation is associated with an adverse prognosis for ccRCC patients.

Generation of a PDK-1 knockout human embryonic stem cell line by CRISPR/(WAe009-A-2K) Cas9 editing.

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase1 (PDK1) belongs to the family of kinases, regulates diverse metabolic processes. PDK1 is a susceptibility locus for heart failure via thinning of ventricle walls, and enlarged atria and ventricles. We successfully developed a PDK1 knockout (PDK1/) human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line using an episomal vector-based CRISPR/Cas9 system explore the role of PDK in human heart development.

Association Between Serum Levels of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Dental Floss Use: The Double-Edged Sword of Dental Floss Use-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Although evidence suggests that dental floss contains perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), it is still uncertain whether the use of dental floss contributes to an increased risk of PFAS exposure.

Methods: We analysed data on serum PFAS concentrations and dental floss usage in a cohort of 6750 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2020. In our study, we used logistic regression, a survey-weighted linear model, item response theory (IRT) scores, inverse probability weights (IPWs) and sensitivity analysis to assess the potential impact of dental floss usage on human serum PFAS levels.

Exploring the Binding Mechanism of ADGRG2 Through Metadynamics and Biochemical Analysis.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play essential roles in numerous physiological processes and are key targets for drug development. Among them, adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) stand out for their unique domain structures and diverse functions. ADGRG2 is a member of the aGPCR family and is involved in the regulation of various systems in the human body, including reproductive, nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems.

Exploring the Impact of Pharmaceutical Excipient PEG400 on the Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid Through In Vitro and In Vivo Experiments.

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a commonly used immunosuppressant. In the human body, MPA is metabolized into mycophenolic acid 7-O-glucuronide (MPAG) and mycophenolic acid acyl-glucuronide (AcMPAG) mainly through liver glucuronidation, which involves UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs) and transfer proteins. Research has indicated that the pharmaceutical excipient PEG400 can impact drug processes in the body, potentially affecting the pharmacokinetics of MPA.