Skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and prevention practices among medical students: A systematic search and literature review.

Background: As future physicians, medical students will play an important role in the prevention of skin cancers by becoming directly involved in skin cancer prevention education and counseling patients about the hazards of ultraviolet light.

Objective: We assessed the skin cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and prevention practices reported in previous studies of medical students.

Methods: The search for relevant articles was performed in four electronic databases: PubMed (Medline), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, ERIC, and PsycINFO.

Drowsiness and driving performance on commuter trips.

Introduction: Driver fatigue is a major road safety problem. While much is known about the effects of fatigue and the factors that contribute to it, fatigue on commuter trips has received comparatively little attention in road safety. Most interventions have focused on longer trips, while investigations of commuting have typically examined particular groups, such as shift workers.

Selecting trainee pilots: Predictive validity of the WOMBAT situational awareness pilot selection test.

The WOMBAT pilot selection test is widely used to select candidates for pilot training programs. Despite use in many countries, little information is available regarding the predictive validity of the test. This study was designed to test the ability of the WOMBAT test to predict performance outcomes in a sample of ab-initio pilots.

The Short Term Musculoskeletal and Cognitive Effects of Prolonged Sitting During Office Computer Work.

Office workers are exposed to high levels of sedentary time. In addition to cardio-vascular and metabolic health risks, this sedentary time may have musculoskeletal and/or cognitive impacts on office workers. Participants (n = 20) undertook two hours of laboratory-based sitting computer work to investigate changes in discomfort and cognitive function (sustained attention and problem solving), along with muscle fatigue, movement and mental state.

Students take the lead for learning in practice: A process for building self-efficacy into undergraduate nursing education.

To prepare graduate nurses for practice, the curriculum and pedagogy need to facilitate student engagement, active learning and the development of self-efficacy. This pilot project describes and explores an initiative, the Check-in and Check-out process, that aims to engage students as active partners in their learning and teaching in their clinical preparation for practice. Three interdependent elements make up the process: a check-in (briefing) part; a clinical practice part, which supports students as they engage in their learning and practise clinical skills; and a check-out (debriefing) part.

A detailed description of the short-term musculoskeletal and cognitive effects of prolonged standing for office computer work.

Due to concerns about excessive sedentary exposure for office workers, alternate work positions such as standing are being trialled. However, prolonged standing may have health and productivity impacts, which this study assessed. Twenty adult participants undertook two hours of laboratory-based standing computer work to investigate changes in discomfort and cognitive function, along with muscle fatigue, movement, lower limb swelling and mental state.

Urban Emissions of Water Vapor in Winter.

Elevated water vapor (HO) mole fractions were occassionally observed downwind of Indianapolis, IN, and the Washington, D.C.-Baltimore, MD, area during airborne mass balance experiments conducted during winter months between 2012 and 2015.

The impact of environmental factors on cycling speed on shared paths.

Background: Despite the importance of cycling speed on shared paths to the amenity and safety of users, few studies have systematically measured it, nor examined circumstances surrounding it.

Methods: Speed was measured for 5421 riders who were observed cycling on shared paths across 12 metropolitan and regional locations in Sydney, Australia. Multivariate regression analysis was carried out to examine rider and environmental factors that contribute to riders cycling above the median speed.

Theory versus practice in the human factors and ergonomics discipline: Trends in journal publications from 1960 to 2010.

The research-practice gap has been highlighted as a barrier to effective practice in human factors and ergonomics (HFE). There is also evidence of a theory-research gap that may be limiting the scientific evidence base of HFE. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in journal publications, especially relating to the research-practice gap and the involvement of theory over time.

Debiasing visual pilots' weather-related decision making.

Pilots who decide to continue a flight into deteriorating weather conditions, rather than turn back or divert, are a significant cause of fatal crashes in general aviation. Earlier research has suggested that cognitive biases such as the anchoring effect and confirmation bias are implicated in many decisions to continue into worsening weather. In this study, we explored whether a simple debiasing technique, 'considering the alternative', reduced the effect of these two potentially fatal biases.

Extreme coastal erosion enhanced by anomalous extratropical storm wave direction.

Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) are the primary driver of large-scale episodic beach erosion along coastlines in temperate regions. However, key drivers of the magnitude and regional variability in rapid morphological changes caused by ETCs at the coast remain poorly understood. Here we analyze an unprecedented dataset of high-resolution regional-scale morphological response to an ETC that impacted southeast Australia, and evaluate the new observations within the context of an existing long-term coastal monitoring program.

Analysis and prediction of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA binding proteins based on protein sequences.

Background: DNA-binding proteins perform important functions in a great number of biological activities. DNA-binding proteins can interact with ssDNA (single-stranded DNA) or dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), and DNA-binding proteins can be categorized as single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) and double-stranded DNA-binding proteins (DSBs). The identification of DNA-binding proteins from amino acid sequences can help to annotate protein functions and understand the binding specificity.

Application of classification principles to improve the reliability of incident classification systems: A test case using HFACS-ADF.

Accident classification systems are important tools for safety management. Unfortunately, many of the tools available have demonstrated poor reliability of coding, making their validity and usefulness questionable. This paper demonstrates the application of four strategies to improve the reliability of accident and incident classification systems.

Medical Redeployment in Soldiers With and Without Medical Deployment Waivers.

Background: Historically, disease and nonbattle injuries (DNBI) have caused more casualties during military operations than enemy combatants. Recent deployments to U.S.

Assessing the Methane Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Power Plants and Oil Refineries.

Presently, there is high uncertainty in estimates of methane (CH) emissions from natural gas-fired power plants (NGPP) and oil refineries, two major end users of natural gas. Therefore, we measured CH and CO emissions at three NGPPs and three refineries using an aircraft-based mass balance technique. Average CH emission rates (NGPPs: 140 ± 70 kg/h; refineries: 580 ± 220 kg/h, 95% CL) were larger than facility-reported estimates by factors of 21-120 (NGPPs) and 11-90 (refineries).

The relationship between national culture and safety culture: Implications for international safety culture assessments.

Unlabelled: In this article, we examine the relationship between safety culture and national culture, and the implications of this relationship for international safety culture assessments. Focussing on Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance (UA) index, a survey study of 13,616 Air Traffic Management employees in 21 European countries found a negative association between safety culture and national norm data for UA. This is theorized to reflect the influence of national tendencies for UA upon attitudes and practices for managing safety (e.

Altering user' acceptance of automation through prior automation exposure.

Air navigation service providers worldwide see increased use of automation as one solution to overcome the capacity constraints imbedded in the present air traffic management (ATM) system. However, increased use of automation within any system is dependent on user acceptance. The present research sought to determine if the point at which an individual is no longer willing to accept or cooperate with automation can be manipulated.

Direct and Indirect Measurements and Modeling of Methane Emissions in Indianapolis, Indiana.

This paper describes process-based estimation of CH4 emissions from sources in Indianapolis, IN and compares these with atmospheric inferences of whole city emissions. Emissions from the natural gas distribution system were estimated from measurements at metering and regulating stations and from pipeline leaks. Tracer methods and inverse plume modeling were used to estimate emissions from the major landfill and wastewater treatment plant.

Black Carbon Emissions from Associated Natural Gas Flaring.

Approximately 150 billion cubic meters (BCM) of natural gas is flared and vented in the world annually, emitting greenhouse gases and other pollutants with no energy benefit. About 7 BCM per year is flared in the United States, and half is from North Dakota alone. There are few emission measurements from associated gas flares and limited black carbon (BC) emission factors have been previously reported from the field.

Analysing passenger network changes: The case of Hong Kong.

Passenger throughput at Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) has shown steady growth since its opening. Various aspects relating to HKIA have been studied in prior literature. This paper investigated changes in HKIA's passenger network for the period of 2001-2012 and used the gravity model to examine the key factors explaining its passenger traffic flows.

Factors associated with low unit cohesion in Australian Defence Force members who deployed to the Middle East (2001-2009).

Introduction: Unit cohesion has been shown to bolster the mental health of military personnel; hence, it is important to identify the characteristics that are associated with low unit cohesion, so that interventions to improve unit cohesion can be targeted and implemented. Little is known about the factors associated with low unit cohesion. This research aims to identify demographic, military service and deployment factors associated with low unit cohesion.

Lumbar spine and hip flexibility and trunk strength in helicopter pilots with and without low back pain history.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal issues facing military helicopter pilots. It is clinically important to identify differences in musculoskeletal characteristics between pilots with and without a LBP history for formulating effective interventions.

Objective: To compare lumbar spine and hip flexibility and trunk strength in pilots with and without a LBP history.

The effects of noise on key workplace skills.

This study explored the effect on memory and psychomotor performance of wideband noise (simulated in-cabin aircraft noise) at 75 dBA, which is similar to that experienced during the cruise phase of a commercial flight. The results from the tests were compared to the effects of a widely known and common metric on the same skills, namely, blood alcohol concentration (BAC). All 32 participants, half non-native English speakers, completed three different tests (recognition memory, working memory, and reaction time) presented in counterbalanced order, either in the presence of noise, with or without noise attenuation headphones, and without noise but with a BAC of 0.

Selling safety: the use of celebrities in improving awareness of safety in commercial aviation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influential power of a celebrity to convey key safety messages in commercial aviation using a pre-flight safety briefing video. In addition, the present research sought to examine the effectiveness of subtitles in aiding the recall of these important messages as well as how in-cabin aircraft noise affects recall of this information. A total of 101 participants were randomly divided into four groups (no noise without subtitles, no noise with subtitles, noise without subtitles and noise with subtitles) and following exposure to a pre-recorded pre-flight safety briefing video were tested for recall of key safety messages within that video.