P2/N95 filtering facepiece respirators: Results of a large-scale quantitative mask fit testing program in Australian health care workers.

Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, 6,287 Australian health care workers (HCWs) were fit tested to N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). This study determined how readily HCWs were fitted to 8 FFRs and how age and sex influenced testing.

Methods: HCWs were fit tested following the quantitative OSHA protocol.

Relationship between blood pressure and BMI in young adult population: a national-level assessment in Bangladesh.

Young adulthood is a crucial period for major physiological transitions. Environmental changes associated with these transitions can influence health behaviour and health (e.g.

Multi-scale Selection and Multi-channel Fusion Model for Pancreas Segmentation Using Adversarial Deep Convolutional Nets.

Organ segmentation from existing imaging is vital to the medical image analysis and disease diagnosis. However, the boundary shapes and area sizes of the target region tend to be diverse and flexible. And the frequent applications of pooling operations in traditional segmentor result in the loss of spatial information which is advantageous to segmentation.

Defining a "Safe System of Work".

Providing a "safe system of work" is the essence of the general duties that employers have to their employees under workplace health and safety regulations. Despite this, consistent and appropriate definition of what constitutes a safe system of work is almost non-existent. Available definitions tend to confuse a safe system of work with management practices intended to bring about a safe system, or conflate the broad system suggested in general duties clauses with procedures or work methods that are focused on particular hazards or tasks.

Accurate pancreas segmentation using multi-level pyramidal pooling residual U-Net with adversarial mechanism.

Background: A novel multi-level pyramidal pooling residual U-Net with adversarial mechanism was proposed for organ segmentation from medical imaging, and was conducted on the challenging NIH Pancreas-CT dataset.

Methods: The 82 pancreatic contrast-enhanced abdominal CT volumes were split via four-fold cross validation to test the model performance. In order to achieve accurate segmentation, we firstly involved residual learning into an adversarial U-Net to achieve a better gradient information flow for improving segmentation performance.

Impacts of lake breeze meteorology on ozone gradient observations along Lake Michigan Shorelines in Wisconsin.

Daytime onshore lake breezes are a critical factor controlling ozone abundance at coastal sites around Lake Michigan. Coastal counties along the western shore of Lake Michigan have historically observed high ozone episodes dating to the 1970s. We classified ozone episode days based on the extent or absence of the lake breeze (i.

Measured effects of workload and auditory feedback on remote pilot task performance.

Absent or reduced sensory cueing can deprive pilots operating remotely piloted aircraft beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) of vital information necessary for safe flight. The present study tested the effects of real-time auditory feedback on remote pilot perception and decision-making task performance in an automated BVLOS flight, under three levels of workload (Low, Moderate and High). Results from 36 participants revealed workload and auditory feedback influenced perception task performance in terms of error type count, with misses more frequent than wrong identifications.

The effect of broadband noise on learning and dynamic decision-making and how cognitive workload and sex moderate its effect.

The aim of this research was to examine how broadband noise which is present in many workplaces affects dynamic decision-making. The effect of potential moderating factors, cognitive workload and sex, were also examined. Forty-eight participants (24 females) with an average age of 27.

Are we making Inroads? A randomized controlled trial of a psychologist-supported, web-based, cognitive behavioral therapy intervention to reduce anxiety and hazardous alcohol use among emerging adults.

Background: Anxiety and alcohol use disorders are common and disabling conditions that people typically endure for many years before accessing treatment. The link between anxiety and alcohol use is well-established, with these issues commonly emerging and/or escalating during emerging adulthood. This randomized controlled trial evaluated a psychologist-supported, web-based intervention, designed with and for emerging adults, that aims to promote adaptive coping strategies, and prevent anxiety and alcohol use from progressing to chronic, mutually-reinforcing disorders.

A negative association between prevalence of diabetes and urban residential area greenness detected in nationwide assessment of urban Bangladesh.

Residential area greenness may influence diabetes, but limited studies have explored this relationship in developing countries. This study assessed the association between residential area greenness and diabetes among urban adults in Bangladesh. The mediation effect of the body mass index (BMI) was also assessed.

Unidirectional water transport on a two-dimensional hydrophilic channel with anisotropic superhydrophobic barriers.

Many creatures have a unique anisotropic structure and special wettability on their skins, presenting intriguing water transporting properties. Inspired by the biosphere, a two-dimensional titanium dioxide-based hydrophilic channel possessing anisotropic superhydrophobic barriers was synthesized. This channel demonstrates unidirectional water transporting properties.

Ensemble Learning Based on Policy Optimization Neural Networks for Capability Assessment.

Capability assessment plays a crucial role in the demonstration and construction of equipment. To improve the accuracy and stability of capability assessment, we study the neural network learning algorithms in the field of capability assessment and index sensitivity. Aiming at the problem of overfitting and parameter optimization in neural network learning, the paper proposes an improved machine learning algorithm-the Ensemble Learning Based on Policy Optimization Neural Networks (ELPONN) with the policy optimization and ensemble learning.

A national assessment of elective cesarean sections in Bangladesh and the need for health literacy and accessibility.

There has been a gradual rise in the number of cesarean sections (CSs) in Bangladesh. The present study identified the cohort of women, who were more likely to opt for an elective CS based on their sociodemographic characteristics, pre-delivery care history, and media exposure, using the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey-2019. The survey stratification adjusted logistic regression model and interpretable machine learning method of building classification trees were utilized to analyze a sample of 9202 women, alongside district-wise heat maps.

Decision making dyads and judgement overconfidence: Implications for high-risk industries.

In the workplace, overconfidence is generally considered undesirable as it may increase people's propensity to take risks. In many areas (e.g.

Dual adversarial convolutional networks with multilevel cues for pancreatic segmentation.

Accurate organ segmentation is a relatively challenging subject in medical imaging, especially for the pancreas, whose morphological characteristics are subtle but variable. In this paper, a novel dual adversarial convolutional network with multilevel cues (DACN-MC) is proposed to segment the pancreas in computerized tomography (CT). DACN-MC first involves a duplex adversarial network using a conventional model for biomedical image segmentation, which ensures the veracity of the predicted probability volumes and ultimately enhances the quality of the obtained maps.

Vapor phase synthesis of ferroelectric microislands on PVDF thin films.

The interest in patterned polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) surfaces has grown significantly in the recent years due to ability to control the ferroelectric behavior through the size and shape of the surface structures. However, forming micron sized structures on the PVDF surface generally requires laborious lithography based methods or use of templates which complicates the process. In this study, we report spontaneous formation of microislands with ferroelectric response during PVDF growth via initiated chemical vapor deposition.

Development of a Low-Cost Wearable Data Glove for Capturing Finger Joint Angles.

Capturing finger joint angle information has important applications in human-computer interaction and hand function evaluation. In this paper, a novel wearable data glove is proposed for capturing finger joint angles. A sensing unit based on a grating strip and an optical detector is specially designed for finger joint angle measurement.

COVID-19 and airline employment: Insights from historical uncertainty shocks to the industry.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of uncertainty shocks on airline employment in the light of the current global pandemic. The airline industry has faced many threats throughout history, but none quite as rapid and severe as the one posed by the spread of COVID-19. One constant during uncertainty shocks and industry downturns is that airline labor bears the brunt of the decline.

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding of Fe-Based Alloy Coatings in Different Areas of Cladding Layer.

In this study, laser cladding technology was used to prepare Fe-based alloy coating on a 27SiMn hydraulic support, and a turning treatment was used to obtain samples of the upper and middle regions of the cladding layer. The influence of microstructure, phase composition, hardness, and wear resistance in different areas of the cladding layer was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), friction and wear tests, and microhardness. The results show that the bcc phase content in the upper region of the cladding layer is less than that in the middle region of the cladding layer, and the upper region of the cladding layer contains more metal compounds.

Dynamic Modeling and Chaos Control of Informatization Development in Manufacturing Enterprises.

To explore the cooperative evolutionary mechanism among top management support, employees' technical ability, and informatization performance in the process of the "integration of informatization and industrialization (IOII)" in manufacturing enterprises, this study established a three-dimensional dynamic model of informatization development, obtained the model parameters by the expert scoring method of case companies, and analyzed the time series of the dynamic model. After adjusting those parameters of the evolutionary process that do not meet the expectations of the enterprise, combined with management practice, the dynamic system is finally stable at the expected value. For a special state in the evolutionary process, the maximum Lyapunov exponent is used to identify the chaotic characteristics of the system, and a linear controller is designed to manage and control the chaotic system so that it evolves toward the expected value.

Child Marriage and Adolescent Motherhood: A Nationwide Vulnerability for Women in Bangladesh.

The persistently high prevalence of girl-child marriage and adolescent motherhood is a public health concern in Bangladesh. This study investigated the division-wise prevalence and the influence of education and religious affiliation on child marriage and adolescent motherhood among women in Bangladesh along with their consequences using 15,474 women aged 15-49 years from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18. Staggeringly, 82.

Awareness on menstrual hygiene management in Bangladesh and the possibilities of media interventions: using a nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) has become a growing public health concern in many low-income and middle-income nations for its association with several health risks. This study observed types of menstrual absorbents used among women in Bangladesh and analysed the associated sociodemographic factors with the hypothesis that mass media can increase awareness regarding MHM. The study includes recommendations for possible intervention strategies designed to address this lack of awareness.