Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Mobility Limitations Among Community-dwelling Older Americans: The Mediating Roles of Depressive Symptoms and Mastery.

Neighborhood environment plays an important role in late-life health; yet, the social aspect of neighborhood environment and its impact on mobility limitations have rarely been examined. This nonexperimental, cross-sectional study examines the relationship between neighborhood social cohesion and mobility limitations and the potential mediators (i.e.

Health of aging families: Comparing compound and noncompound caregivers.

Providing care to a family member with disabilities takes a toll on the health of the caregiver and the family. Among aging caregivers, compound caregiving (i.e.

The loci of Stroop effects: a critical review of methods and evidence for levels of processing contributing to color-word Stroop effects and the implications for the loci of attentional selection.

Despite instructions to ignore the irrelevant word in the Stroop task, it robustly influences the time it takes to identify the color, leading to performance decrements (interference) or enhancements (facilitation). The present review addresses two questions: (1) What levels of processing contribute to Stroop effects; and (2) Where does attentional selection occur? The methods that are used in the Stroop literature to measure the candidate varieties of interference and facilitation are critically evaluated and the processing levels that contribute to Stroop effects are discussed. It is concluded that the literature does not provide clear evidence for a distinction between conflicting and facilitating representations at phonological, semantic and response levels (together referred to as informational conflict), because the methods do not currently permit their isolated measurement.

When the wheels come off: Actor-network therapy for mental health recovery in the bicycle repair workshop.

Professional accounts of emotional distress originate from within mainstream mental illness discourses and are underpinned by largely conjectural biomedical, brain-based conceptions of disorder. Alternative, formulation-based approaches remain delimited by cultural norms and linguistic resources. Service users frequently declare the most ordinary aspects of therapy the most helpful: listening, understanding, and respectfulness; these are not contingent upon the presence of a mental health professional.

The role of perceived descriptive and injunctive norms on the self-reported frequency of meat and plant-based meal intake in UK-based adults.

Perceived social norms refer to beliefs that people hold about what other people do (descriptive norms) and approve of (injunctive norms), and are associated with food intake. However, less is known about whether perceived social norms are associated with meat and plant-based meal intake. Using a cross-sectional survey design 136 participants (aged 19-66 years, mean age = 39.

Social participation and depressive symptoms in older African American cancer survivors: a comparison with non-cancer subjects.

Objectives: African Americans are differentially affected by most cancers compared to other racial groups. Social participation has demonstrated beneficial effects on mental health in older adults with a history of cancer. The purpose of the present study is to examine and compare the effects of specific social participation activities on depressive symptoms among older African Americans with and without a history of cancer.

Grandmothers raising grandchildren: managing, balancing and maintaining family relationships.

Most grandparents raising grandchildren are embedded in a network of family members who either help them carry out the caregiving task or complicate that role. This study examined how grandmothers described family relationships, that is, with the grandchild's parents, grandmother's spouses/partners, and other relatives. Data were drawn from 457 weekly journal entries submitted by 129 grandmother caregivers.

Dismantling Systemic Racism in Long-Term Services and Supports: A Call to Action for Social Workers.

Given the rapidly changing Long-Term Services and Supports (LTSS) system in the United States, it is essential for social workers and other health professionals to critically examine how this evolving landscape continues to shape racial inequities in formal LTSS and subsequent health outcomes. This commentary seeks to inform social work education, research, and practice by describing how systemic racism impacts the use and quality of formal LTSS. We present a call to action for social workers to dismantle systemic racism in LTSS that perpetuates ongoing racial inequities.

Structural Validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Among Family Members of Critically Ill Patients.

Background: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is commonly used clinically and scientifically among surrogate decision makers for critically ill patients. The validity of the HADS has been scrutinized, but its use among surrogate decision makers has not been examined.

Objective: To examine the structural validity of the HADS.

"I felt like it would've been perfect, if they hadn't been rushing": Black women's childbirth experiences with medical providers when accompanied by perinatal support professionals.

Aims: This study examined the nature and characteristics of Black women's interactions with medical providers during childbirth when accompanied by a perinatal support professional (PSP; similar to a doula).

Design: The design was qualitative, and a phenomenological approach was employed to examine the meaning of women's experiences.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 25 Black women enrolled in a perinatal support program in Cleveland, Ohio, in late 2017 and early 2018, exploring their interactions with medical providers, the meaning of their experiences, and the roles their PSPs played.

Disparities in Social and Economic Determinants of Health by Sexual Identity, Gender, and Age: Results from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

We characterize disparities between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults and heterosexual adults across multiple health determinants in a nationally representative sample. Data on 153,939 adults (including 11,133 LGB adults) were from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Separate Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) that gay/lesbian and bisexual adults, respectively, experienced each health determinant, relative to heterosexual adults of the same gender and age group (ages 18-25, 26-34, 35-49, and 50-64).

Meta-Analysis of the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults With Comorbid Severe Mental Illness.

To evaluate the efficacy of psychosocial treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among individuals with a comorbid severe mental illness (SMI; ie, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder). PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched from January 1998 to March 2020 using keywords related to PTSD, treatment, and severe mental illness. All clinical trials for PTSD psychotherapy among individuals with SMI were included.

Nursing home social services: A systematic review of the literature from 2010 to 2020.

Nursing home (NH) social workers carry out person-centered care, guided by the 1987 Nursing Home Reform Act. As the projected population of individuals requiring NH care is expected to grow and become more racially and ethnically diverse, the social worker in this setting becomes increasingly important. The aims of this study are to: (1) identify existing research that discusses the role of social work and nursing facilities, (2) synthesize findings to determine what is most often reported in the literature, and (3) present recommendations for practice, research, and policy.

Implementation Fidelity in the Replication of Tuning in to Teens (TINT) Adapted for Adoptive Parents and Guardians in the US.

: Clear explication of the conditions necessary to reproduce results is imperative in the development of evidence-based interventions. This study used a fidelity framework to guide the exploration of implementation fidelity in a study of the Tuning in to Teens (TINT) intervention in New Jersey. TINT is an evidence-based prevention program - previously tested with parents of pre-adolescents to reduce emotionally dismissive parenting - that was adapted for use with adoptive and guardianship families.

Parent-child attachment security is associated with preschoolers' memory accuracy for emotional life events through sensitive parental reminiscing.

There is considerable controversy regarding the accuracy and suggestibility of children's autobiographical memory for emotionally salient life events. Attachment perspectives of autobiographical memory development identify the attachment security of parent-child dyads and parents' emotional support and coherence during reminiscing with their children as critical mechanisms underlying children's memory accuracy and suggestibility. In the current investigation, 72 preschool-aged children (M = 4.

Neighborhood Characteristics and Inflammation Among Older Black Americans: The Moderating Effects of Hopelessness and Pessimism.

Background: Research documents the adverse health effects of systemic inflammation. Overall, older Black Americans tend to have higher inflammation than older non-Hispanic White adults. Given that inflammation is related to a range of chronic health problems that disproportionately affect Blacks compared to Whites, this racial disparity in inflammation may contribute to racial disparities in particular chronic health problems.

Understanding How Relational Health Effects Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration among Low-Income, Black, Indigenous, Men of Color Exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences: An Exploratory Study.

Relational health has emerged as a consistent factor that can mitigate the effects of trauma among children; however, less is known about relational health with adults, particularly related to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among racially and socioeconomically marginalized men. The Exploratory Sequential Design, Taxonomy Development Model was used. Semi-structured interviews ( = 11) and narrative analysis were conducted in Phase I.

Service Use Among Transition-Age Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This study explored predictors of service use among 174 transition-age youth (age 16-30) with an Autism Spectrum Disorder using Andersen's (J Health Soc Behav 36(1):1-10, 1995) healthcare utilization model. Family caregivers were interviewed about past 6-month use of 15 services. On average, youth used 6.

What Are LGBT+ Inequalities in Health and Social Support-Why Should We Tackle Them?

Health inequalities are differences in health experiences and outcomes which arise through the everyday circumstances of people's lives and the appropriateness of the systems put in place to support them [...

Prostate Cancer Screening and Young Black Men: Can Early Communication Avoid Later Health Disparities?

This study aims to determine if younger men, across racial and ethnic groups, discussed the benefits/risks/harms of PSA screening with health care professionals. Publicly available data were obtained from the Health Information National Trends Survey https://hints.cancer.

The case for "investigate all": Assessing the cost-effectiveness of investigating no CODIS hit cases in a sexual assault kit initiative.

An increasing number of US jurisdictions have begun to submit their previously untested sexual assault kits (SAKs) for DNA testing. However, best practices for what should happen after testing are not well established. Should all cases be investigated regardless of the testing outcome or only those that returned a DNA hit? We examine an early-adopter jurisdiction that has completed testing and investigating all 5165 previously never tested kits.

Examining the Causal Impact of Prenatal Home Visiting on Birth Outcomes: A Propensity Score Analysis.

Objectives: In Ohio, African American babies die at 2.5-3 times the rate of White babies. Preterm birth and low birth weight are the leading causes of infant mortality.

A Rapid Systematic Review of Public Responses to Health Messages Encouraging Vaccination against Infectious Diseases in a Pandemic or Epidemic.

Public health teams need to understand how the public responds to vaccination messages in a pandemic or epidemic to inform successful campaigns encouraging the uptake of new vaccines as they become available. A rapid systematic review was performed by searching PsycINFO, MEDLINE, healthevidence.org, OSF Preprints and PsyArXiv Preprints in May 2020 for studies including at least one health message promoting vaccine uptake of airborne-, droplet- and fomite-spread viruses.