Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Driven Frailty Prediction Using Electronic Health Records in Hospitalized Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: This study aimed to create a deep learning model for predicting phenotypic physical frailty from electronic medical record information in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods And Results: This single-center retrospective study enrolled patients who could be assessed for physical frailty according to cardiovascular health study criteria (25.5% [691/2,705] of the patients were frail).

Use of the walking and turning test to accurately discriminate between independently ambulatory community-dwelling older Thai adults with and without a history of falls: a retrospective diagnostic study.

Objectives: This study developed and investigated the possibility of using the walking and turning test (WTT) to indicate fall risk in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Retrospective diagnostic study.

Setting: The study was carried out in a community setting.

Contextual memory bias in emotional events: Neurobiological correlates and depression risk.

Background: Contextual memory loss of emotional events plays a critical role in depression psychopathology. Individuals with depression, clinical or subclinical, exhibit enhanced and impaired memory for emotionally negative stimuli and context in an event, respectively. This suggests that contextual encoding may fail because of attentional interference caused by concurrent negative stimuli, possibly leading to contextual memory loss as a depression risk.

Association between RANTES/CCL5 levels with Plasmodium infections and malaria severity: a systematic review.

Background: Malaria continues to be a significant global health concern, and developing effective therapeutic strategies requires an understanding of the immune response to the disease. This systematic review synthesized the current body of research on the role of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)-in the pathogenesis and disease severity of malaria.

Methods: A systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42024535822.

REASSURED evaluation of the Bioline HCV point-of-care testing for diagnosing hepatitis C virus infection in primary healthcare settings of Ghana: a study protocol.

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a silent epidemic that needs a comprehensive and contextualised approach to manage. Access to readily available, affordable and acceptable HCV point-of-care (POC) in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) is equally required to meet the global HCV goals. However, most guidelines for evaluating these IVDs such as the WHO prequalification process and country-specific standards disproportionately focus on diagnostic performance.

Molecular docking and molecular dynamics of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1alpha): towards potential inhibitors.

HIF-1α is a primary regulator in the adaptation of cancer cells to hypoxia. The aim was to find out new inhibitors of the HIF-1α. A molecular dynamic (MD) simulation performed on HIF-1α showed stable dynamic features.

Modulation of Albumin Esterase Activity by Warfarin and Diazepam.

Data are accumulating on the hydrolytic activity of serum albumin towards esters and organophosphates. Previously, with the help of the technology of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectroscopy, we observed the yield of acetate in the solution of bovine serum albumin and -nitrophenyl acetate (NPA). Thus, we showed that albumin possesses true esterase activity towards NPA.

Molecular Imaging Biomarkers for Early Cancer Detection: A Systematic Review of Emerging Technologies and Clinical Applications.

Background: Early cancer detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Molecular imaging biomarkers offer the potential for non-invasive, early-stage cancer diagnosis.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of molecular imaging biomarkers for early cancer detection across various imaging modalities and cancer types.

Age-Related Changes in Postural Stability in Response to Varying Surface Instability in Young and Middle-Aged Adults.

As individuals transition into middle age, subtle declines in postural control may occur due to gradual reductions in neuromuscular control. The current study aimed to examine the effect of age on bipedal postural control across three support surfaces with varying degrees of instability: a firm surface, a foam pad, and a multiaxial balance board. The effect of surface stability was also assessed.

Provincial distribution and factors associated with self-reported sexually transmitted infections and their symptoms among women in Sierra Leone.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health concern worldwide. These infections can have severe consequences for women's health, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and increased risk of HIV acquisition. Understanding the prevalence and factors associated with STIs among women in Sierra Leone is crucial to developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Optimal cutoff score of the circular tandem walk test for determining the risk of falls in older community-dwelling individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Patients with chronic diabetes may have a physical performance decline, which significantly increases the risk of falling. The study aimed to assess the validity of the Circular Tandem Walk Test (CTWT) in determining fall risk among older community-dwelling Thais with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is a cross-sectional diagnostic study of 71 older participants with T2DM from various communities.

Neuroprotective effects of Linn. on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in rats.

Background And Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant health-care challenge, often linked to cognitive decline caused by oxidative stress. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of the a leaf extract (PFE) in rats that exhibited scopolamine-induced dementia mimicking AD.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two male rats were treated with either donepezil (0.

Chromosome architecture as a determinant for biosynthetic diversity in .

Natural products - small molecules generated by organisms to facilitate ecological interactions - are of great importance to society and are used as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anticancer drugs. However, the role and evolution of these molecules and the fitness benefits they provide to their hosts in their natural habitat remain an outstanding question. In bacteria, the genes that encode the biosynthetic proteins that generate these molecules are organised into discrete loci termed biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs).

A Potential Mechanism Involved in the Regularity of Center-of-Pressure Displacements During Achieving Unipedal Equilibrium on Stable and Unstable Surfaces.

Sample entropy (SampEn) is a widely used measure for estimating the regularity of center-of-pressure (COP) trajectories, with high COP regularity (low SampEn) commonly interpreted as ineffective postural control. The current study aimed to investigate one possible source of COP regularity-agonist-antagonist coactivation-resulting in joint stiffness or action stability. A cross-correlation analysis was conducted to determine the similarity (coactivation) level of 5 pairs of lower limb agonist-antagonist electromyographic signals.

Rivaroxaban as a Protector of Oxidative Stress-Induced Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage via the IQGAP1/PAR1-2/PI3K/Akt Pathway.

Introduction: The vascular endothelial glycocalyx, crucial for blood vessel integrity and homeostasis, is vulnerable to oxidative stress, leading to endothelial dysfunction, which strongly correlates with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigates the protective effects of rivaroxaban, a factor X inhibitor, on the glycocalyx under oxidative stress condition.

Methods: We examined the impact of rivaroxaban on human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to acute and chronic H2O2-induced oxidative stress.

Novel intranasal phage-CaEDTA-ceftazidime/avibactam triple combination therapy demonstrates remarkable efficacy in treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.

Given the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, alternative treatments are needed. Anti-pseudomonal phage therapy shows promise, but its clinical application is limited due to the development of resistance and a lack of biofilm penetration. Recently, adjuvants like CaEDTA have shown the ability to enhance the effectiveness of combined antimicrobial agents.

The Opioid Crisis, Preventing and Managing Substance Abuse in India: A Systematic Review.

The opioid crisis has emerged as a significant public health concern globally, with India facing unique challenges in preventing and managing substance abuse. This systematic review aims to analyze the current state of the opioid crisis in India, evaluate existing prevention and management strategies, and propose evidence-based recommendations for addressing this complex issue. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, resulting in the inclusion of 30 studies meeting the predefined criteria.

SARS-CoV-2 propagation to the TPH2-positive neurons in the ventral tegmental area induces cell death via GSK3β-dependent accumulation of phosphorylated tau.

COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic by the WHO in 2020. Psychiatric symptoms including sleep disturbance, memory impairment, and depression are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. These symptoms are causes long-term mental and physical distress in recovering patients; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear.

The Benefits of Early Rehabilitation for Patients With Acute Heart Failure Requiring IV Inotropic Drugs.

Objectives: The benefits of early rehabilitation for patients with acute heart failure (HF) requiring IV inotropic drugs have yet to be determined. We investigated the association between early rehabilitation and short-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute HF requiring IV inotropic drugs.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.