Population sequencing of cherry accessions unravels the evolution of Cerasus species and the selection of genetic characteristics in edible cherries.

Cerasus is a subgenus of Prunus in the family Rosaceae that is popular owing to its ornamental, edible, and medicinal properties. Understanding the evolution of the Cerasus subgenus and identifying selective trait loci in edible cherries are crucial for the improvement of cherry cultivars to meet producer and consumer demands. In this study, we performed a de novo assembly of a chromosome-scale genome for the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.

A rare PRIMER cell state in plant immunity.

Plants lack specialized and mobile immune cells. Consequently, any cell type that encounters pathogens must mount immune responses and communicate with surrounding cells for successful defence. However, the diversity, spatial organization and function of cellular immune states in pathogen-infected plants are poorly understood.

Deletion of IRS-1 leads to growth failure and insulin resistance with downregulation of liver and muscle insulin signaling in rats.

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 are major molecules that transduce signals from insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptors. The physiological functions of these proteins have been intensively investigated in mice, while little is known in other animals. Our previous study showed that the disruption of IRS-2 impairs body growth but not glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in rats, which led us to hypothesize that IRS-1 plays more pivotal roles in insulin functions than IRS-2.

Autonomous ribosome biogenesis in vitro.

Ribosome biogenesis is pivotal in the self-replication of life. In Escherichia coli, three ribosomal RNAs and 54 ribosomal proteins are synthesized and subjected to cooperative hierarchical assembly facilitated by numerous accessory factors. Realizing ribosome biogenesis in vitro is a critical milestone for understanding the self-replication of life and creating artificial cells.

Responses of intestinal microbiota to inulin was initial microbiota context dependent and affected by the supplementation dosage.

Intestinal microbiota could respond to dietary fibres that are fermented by the gut microbiota, like prebiotics. Nevertheless, the dynamics of intestinal microbial community longitudinally after prebiotics intake, are still largely unknown. The current study unrevealed the successional process of intestinal microbial community after inulin supplementation, and the effect of supplementation dosage thereof, based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences in C57BL/6 mice.

Exploring the freshness biomarker and volatiles formation in stored pork by means of lipidomics and volatilomics.

Raw pork is prone to oxidation and rancidity as it contains a high level of unsaturated lipid molecules. Reliable biomarkers to benchmark pork freshness and their formation have not been systematically investigated. The results indicated that the peroxide values, TVB-N and rancid volatiles dramatically increased in pork during the storage period (4 °C, 0-9 d).

Genome-wide analyses provide insights into genetic variation, phylo- and co-phylogenetic relationships, and biogeography of the entomopathogenic nematode genus Heterorhabditis.

Multigene, genus-wide phylogenetic studies have uncovered the limited taxonomic resolution power of commonly used gene markers, particularly of rRNA genes, to discriminate closely related species of the nematode genus Heterorhabditis. In addition, conflicting tree topologies are often obtained using the different gene markers, which limits our understanding of the phylo- and co-phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of the entomopathogenic nematode genus Heterorhabditis. Here we carried out phylogenomic reconstructions using whole nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and whole ribosomal operon sequences, as well as multiple phylogenetic reconstructions using various single nuclear and mitochondrial genes.

The impacts of alien species on river bioassessment.

The extent of alien taxa impacts on river ecosystem health is unclear, but their frequency continues to rise. We investigated 1) the prevalence of including alien taxa in common bioindicators used in river bioassessment, 2) the effect of alien taxa on the richness and abundance of natives, and 3) whether including alien taxa in bioassessment tools increased their sensitivity to river degradation. In the 17 countries analyzed fish represented the greatest number of alien species (1726), followed by macrophytes (925), macroinvertebrates (556), and diatoms (7).

Oak Wilt Disease May Reduce the Initial Decay Rate of Dead Quercus serrata Stems by Altering Fungal Communities in the Wood.

Oak wilt causes severe dieback of Quercus serrata, a dominant tree species in the lowlands across Japan. This study evaluated the effects of oak wilt on the wood-inhabiting fungal community and the decay rate of deadwood using a field monitoring experiment. We analysed the fungal metabarcoding community from 1200 wood samples obtained from 120 experimental logs from three forest sites at five different time points during the initial 1.

Citrus bliss: potassium, sodium, and calcium silicates secrets for post-harvest diseases of fruit defense.

Biotic stress significantly challenges the global citrus industry. Major post-harvest issues include diseases caused by , and . The negative impact of chemical fungicides on the environment and health necessitates eco-friendly alternatives.

Emodin induced hepatic steatosis in BALb/c mice by modulating the gut microbiota composition and fatty acid metabolism.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to examine the physiological effects of emodin on intestinal microorganisms and the liver in the BALb/c mice.

Method And Results: Following an 8-week administration of emodin at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day,pathological analyses revealed that emodin significantly reduced the colon length, induced colonic crypt inflammation,diminished the colonic mucus layer,and decreased the fluorescence intensity of colonic tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin. Concurrently, 16S rDNA gene sequencing corroborated that emodin altered the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota by increasing the to ratio.

Validity and reproducibility of the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) against a four-day food diary in adults at risk of cardiovascular disease on the island of Ireland.

There is an increasing need for valid, rapid diet screening tools. A significant association between the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been demonstrated in the US but evidence of its use in Europe is lacking. The aim of this study was to amend the PDQS for a UK/Irish population and determine validity and reliability in those at risk of CVD.

Effect of Cdk1 gene disruption on cell cycle progression in newt cells.

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of cell cycle progression, in conjunction with cyclins. The cyclin-CDK system is highly conserved among eukaryotes, and CDK1 is considered essential for progression through the M phase. However, the extent to which cell cycle progression depends on CDK1 varies between cell types.

Exploring the physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic responses of Vigna mungo varieties to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) infection.

This study aims to enhance sustainable disease management in black gram by identifying varieties resistant to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV). We screened sixteen black gram genotypes, assessing physiological, biochemical and enzymatic basis. Results revealed a range of resistance levels, with PANT URD-19 showing the highest resistance (PDI 0.

Genomic evidence of improved fertility and adaptation in Iranian domestic sheep attributed to introgression from Asiatic Mouflon and urial.

Due to the diverse climate in Iran, there has been an opportunity for the emergence of different domestic sheep breeds. On the other hand, two of the seven wild sheep species have settled in the broad areas of Iran. This study investigated the introgression between wild and domestic Iranian sheep using the whole genome sequencing data for 55 domestic and 19 wild sheep.

Speciation and historical invasions of the Asian black-spined toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus).

Animal translocations provide striking examples of the human footprint on biodiversity. Combining continental-wide genomic and DNA-barcoding analyses, we reconstructed the historical biogeography of the Asian black-spined toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), a toxic commensal amphibian that currently threatens two biodiversity hotspots through biological invasions (Wallacea and Madagascar). The results emphasize a complex diversification shaped by speciation and mitochondrial introgression that comprises two distinct species.

Pemigatinib suppresses liver fibrosis and subsequent osteodystrophy in mice.

Background: Liver fibrosis could lead to serious secondary diseases, including osteodystrophy. The interaction between liver and bone has not been fully elucidated, thus existing therapies for osteodystrophy secondary to liver fibrosis are often ineffective. FGF23 was initially found as an endocrine regulator of phosphate homeostasis, but recently, its involvement in fibrosis has been suggested.

Non-adapted bacterial infection suppresses plant reproduction.

Environmental stressors, including pathogens, substantially affect the growth of host plants. However, how non-adapted bacteria influence nonhost plants has not been reported. Here, we reveal that infection of flowers by pv.

High-Throughput Sequencing for the Detection of Viruses in Grapevine: Performance Analysis and Best Practices.

Among the cultivated crop species, the economically and culturally important grapevine plays host to the greatest number of distinctly characterized viruses. A critical component of the management and containment of these viral diseases in grapevine is both the identification of infected vines and the characterization of new pathogens. Next-generation high-throughput sequencing technologies, i.

A Review: Developments in Hardware Systems of Active Ankle Orthoses.

Active ankle orthoses which have been designed over the past few years by diverse sources were critically reviewed in this paper. It begins by providing an overview of the anatomy of the ankle joint complex, establishing a basis for understanding the subsequent discussion on the research challenges and design difficulties associated with developing active ankle orthosis devices. The review systematically examined the mechanisms, actuation methods, and control strategies utilized in these orthosis devices.

Flexible Mechanical Sensors for Plant Growth Monitoring: An Emerging Area for Smart Agriculture.

The last decade has seen significant progress in the development of flexible electronics and sensors, particularly for display technologies and healthcare applications. Advancements in scalable manufacturing, miniaturization, and integration have further extended the use of this new class of devices to smart agriculture, where multimodal sensors can be seamlessly attached to plants for continuous and remote monitoring. Among the various types of sensing devices for agriculture, flexible mechanical sensors have emerged as promising candidates for monitoring vital parameters, including growth rates and water flow, providing a new avenue for understanding plant health and growth under varied environmental conditions.

Effect of Seed Hydropriming on the Elongation of Plumule and Radicle During the Germination Process and Changes in Enzyme Activity Under Water-Deficient Conditions.

Hydropriming rice seeds effectively improve the germination percentage, shortens the germination period, and promotes seedling growth. The impact of seed hydropriming is to speed up growth under dry soil conditions, thereby avoiding drought damage. This study analyzes the effect of hydropriming on morpho-physiological changes in the water uptake of rice seeds using "Kasalath" and "Nipponbare" under water-deficit conditions.

Development of Roselle ( L.) Transcriptome-Based Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Their Application in Roselle.

Roselle ( L.) simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed using RNA sequencing technology, providing a foundation for genetic analysis and the identification of roselle varieties. In this study, 10 785 unigenes containing 12 994 SSR loci with an average of one SSR locus per 6.

Effects of Far-Red Light and Ultraviolet Light-A on Growth, Photosynthesis, Transcriptome, and Metabolome of Mint ( Briq.).

To investigate the effects of different light qualities on the growth, photosynthesis, transcriptome, and metabolome of mint, three treatments were designed: (1) 7R3B (70% red light and 30% blue light, CK); (2) 7R3B+ far-red light (FR); (3) 7R3B+ ultraviolet light A (UVA). The results showed that supplemental FR significantly promoted the growth and photosynthesis of mint, as evidenced by the increase in plant height, plant width, biomass, effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (F'/F'), maximal quantum yield of PSII (F/F), and performance index (PI). UVA and CK exhibited minimal differences.