Harnessing the spatial and transcriptional regulation of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism in Alstonia scholaris leads to the identification of broad geissoschizine cyclase activities.

Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are valuable metabolites produced in numerous medicinal plants from the Apocynaceae family such as Alstonia scholaris, which synthesizes strictamine, a MIA displaying neuropharmacological properties of a potential importance. To get insights into the MIA metabolism in A. scholaris, we studied here both the spatial and transcriptional regulations of MIA genes by performing a robust transcriptomics analysis of the main plant organs, leaf epidermis but also by sequencing RNA from leaves transiently overexpressing the master transcriptional regulator MYC2.

Starvation changes the pre-rRNA accumulations in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) processing pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans remains unidentified. We have determined the cleavage site within the internal transcribed spacer 2, which generates pre-rRNA f of 5.8S rRNA and pre-rRNA g of 26S rRNA.

Preparation of composite film based on corn starch and soybean fiber composites blended in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.

Background: To overcome the deficiency of pure starch in film-forming performance, ionic liquids (ILs) have been introduced when preparing a homogeneous blend of starch and fiber. It is essential to select the appropriate ratio of starch to fiber and evaluate the film-forming property of the resulted composites. In the present study, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIM]Cl) was used to prepare composites of soybean fiber (SF) and corn starch (CS) at various ratios.

Effects of rolling on eating quality, starch structure, and water distribution in cooked indica rice dough.

Background: Given the composition of rice and its lack of gluten proteins, rice flour fails to form a cohesive and elastic dough when mixed directly with water. Consequently, many rice products rely on rice sheets (RS) made by rolling cooked rice dough. Limited research exists on how the rolling process impacts the properties and structure of cooked indica rice dough.

Mosquito populations originating from nonendemic areas have the potential to transmit recently emerging Japanese encephalitis virus genotype IV.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype IV (GIV) is one of the least common and most neglected genotypes worldwide, having been identified only on a few Indonesian islands until it was recently found to be the cause of outbreaks that occurred in several Australian states in early 2022. Given the limited availability of information, the vector range for JEV GIV remains unknown; thus, understanding this range could prove invaluable for future prevention efforts in new areas. Herein, we experimentally exposed four mosquito colonies originated from various countries with no previous reports of GIV to JEV GIV strain 19CxBa-83-Cv, which was isolated from Theobald collected in Bali in 2019.

Delphinidin induces a fast-to-slow muscle fiber type shift through the AMPK signaling pathway in C2C12 myotubes.

Delphinidin, a plant anthocyanidin, suppresses disuse muscle atrophy in mice. However, its effect on muscle fiber type shift is unclear. To examine whether delphinidin affects skeletal muscle fiber type, differentiated C2C12 cells were treated with delphinidin.

Unveiling the insecticidal efficiency of against and : From chemical composition to cytotoxicity analysis.

Currently, there is a growing preference for eco-friendly bioinsecticides over chemical insecticides due to their safety. Plant extracts have emerged as a promising solution for this purpose. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal effectiveness of extract against two key pests of rose aphid () and pistachio psylla ().

A systematic review of the associations between biodiversity and Children's mental health and wellbeing.

There is a growing interest in how exposure to biodiversity influences mental health and wellbeing; however, few studies have focused on children. The aim of this review was to identify studies that used components of biodiversity and children's health outcomes to assess if there were any themes that could be used to inform urban design and understand the mechanisms behind associations. We used a PROSPERO registered protocol to identify eligible studies following pre-defined inclusion criteria.

H5 subtype avian influenza virus induces Golgi apparatus stress response via TFE3 pathway to promote virus replication.

During infection, avian influenza virus (AIV) triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a well-established phenomenon in previous research. The Golgi apparatus, situated downstream of the ER and crucial for protein trafficking, may be impacted by AIV infection. However, it remains unclear whether this induces Golgi apparatus stress (GAS) and its implications for AIV replication.

CREB coactivator CRTC1 in melanocortin-4 receptor-expressing cells regulate dietary fat intake.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein-1-regulated transcription coactivator-1 (CRTC1), a cytoplasmic coactivator that translocates to the nucleus in response to cAMP, is associated with obesity. We previously reported that deficiency in melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R)-expressing neurons, which regulate appetite and energy metabolism in the brain, causes hyperphagia and obesity under a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD is preferred for mice, and the dietary fat in HFD is the main factor contributing to its palatability.

vaccination and subsequent experimental infection outcomes are associated with changes in vitamin D status in dairy calves.

Investigations into the role of vitamin D (vitD) in the immune response of cattle are limited. The objectives of this study were therefore to investigate the association between circulating vitD concentration, tuberculosis (TB) vaccination, and infection outcomes in 24 dairy calves (<8 wk old) that were housed throughout and fed a BW-based allowance. The study design incorporated 2 phases: vaccination (experimental wk 0-52) and experimental infection phase (wk 52-65).

Animal-derived free hydrolysate in animal cell culture: Current research and application advances.

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) plays a crucial role in the composition of animal cell culture medium. However, conventional serum-based medium face numerous challenges. The use of animal-derived free hydrolysate (ADFH) has garnered significant attention in research and applications as a viable alternative to FBS-containing medium in animal cell culture.

High-throughput phenotyping using hyperspectral indicators supports the genetic dissection of yield in durum wheat grown under heat and drought stress.

High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) provides new opportunities for efficiently dissecting the genetic basis of drought-adaptive traits, which is essential in current wheat breeding programs. The combined use of HTP and genome-wide association (GWAS) approaches has been useful in the assessment of complex traits such as yield, under field stress conditions including heat and drought. The aim of this study was to identify molecular markers associated with yield (YLD) in elite durum wheat that could be explained using hyperspectral indices (HSIs) under drought field conditions in Mediterranean environments in Southern Spain.

Links between single maltodextrin particles properties and powder functionality.

Maltodextrins are extensively used in the food industry to shape the physicochemical properties of food products. This multiscale study investigates three different Dextrose Equivalent (DE) maltodextrins as model matrices to elucidate the relationship between techno-functional behaviors and single particle surface properties. It was evidenced that environmental variations and glass transition influence single particle properties, significantly impacting the powder bulk behavior.

Teff (Eragrostis tef) phytochemicals: Isolation, identification, and assessment of allelopathic and antimicrobial potential for pollution control and environmental sustainability.

Setaria pumila (SP) and latuca sativa are the prominent teff (Eragrostis tef) weeds negatively impacting yield. The allelopathic (weed-suppressing) effects of ten teff varieties were examined for plant growth inhibitory effects, as well as for antagonism against certain major plant infections caused by bacteria and their subsequent antioxidant properties. The in vitro germination and antimicrobial assays were carried out in controlled laboratory settings.

Discriminating foliar adhered from metabolised Pb when monitoring vegetation exposed to windborne contamination.

Monitoring heavy metals in vegetation near mining or industrial sites is crucial for detecting plant contamination; requiring discrimination between metals adhered to foliar surfaces from the internal concentrations. We investigated key factors that might contribute to lead (Pb) accumulation in leaves of local vegetation near a Pb mine: (i) distance from the pollutant source, (ii) morphological characteristics of leaf surfaces, (iii) their susceptibility to Pb loss by washing, and (iv) the effect of contrasting washing reagents in Pb removal. Native plant species were sampled at three field locations, possessing different leaf surface morphologies: glabrous (smooth), resinous (waxy) and hirsute (hairy).

Two new Neanurid Collembola, Paranura and Yuukianura (Neanuridae: Neanurinae) from Japan, with a checklist of species and key to the Japanese genera of Neanurinae.

We describe and illustrate two new species of Neanurinae, Paranura ezoensis sp. nov. and Yuukianura kikaiensis sp.

New species and records of Anthelephila praetor species-group (Coleoptera: Anthicidae) from China.

Three new species of the genus Anthelephila Hope, 1833 are described: A. androgyna n. sp.

Drastic mycorrhizal community shifts in Sceptridium ferns during the generation transition from fully mycoheterotrophic gametophytes to photosynthetic sporophytes.

Many plant species experience a prolonged subterranean phase during which they rely entirely on mycorrhizal fungi for carbon. While this mycoheterotrophic strategy spans liverworts, lycophytes, and ferns, most empirical research has centered on angiosperms. This study explores the fungal associations of Sceptridium (Ophioglossaceae), an early-diverging fern with mycoheterotrophic gametophytes.