30,860 results match your criteria: "School of Agriculture[Affiliation]"

Introduction: Long COVID is a debilitating condition that lasts for more than three months post-infection by SARS-CoV-2. On average, one in ten individuals infected with SARS CoV- 2 develops Long COVID worldwide. A knowledge gap exists in our understanding of the mechanisms, genetic risk factors, and biomarkers that could be associated with Long COVID.

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Elucidation of physiological functions of sphingolipid-related molecules by chemical approaches.

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem

December 2024

Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

Sphingolipids (SLs), found in all animals, plants, and fungi and in certain prokaryotic organisms, exhibit essential physiological functions that cannot be replicated by other lipids. Although SLs and their related biomolecules behave as lipid mediators, skin barrier systems and epitopes, their detailed biological functions have not yet been revealed, unlike those of proteins and nucleic acids, because the biosynthesis of SLs is not governed by the central dogma. Recently, SLs have been widely studied in relation to diseases such as obesity, dementia, and neuron agenesis and have attracted attention as molecules related to unmet medical needs.

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The forgotten wine: Understanding palm wine fermentation and composition.

Int J Food Microbiol

February 2025

School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. Electronic address:

Palm wine is an alcoholic beverage that has existed for centuries and has important economic and socio-culture values in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Lesser known than other types of wines, palm wine is made by spontaneous fermentation of palm sap by naturally occurring microbial communities. The palm sap ecosystem has unique microbial composition and diversity, which determines the composition of the eventual wine and is likely affected by geographical distinctiveness.

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Insight into how fermentation might contribute to the distinctiveness of Australian coffee.

Food Chem

December 2024

School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The study focused on three coffee estates in New South Wales, aiming to enhance the flavor profiles of Australian coffee through different processing methods (wet fermented and non-fermented).
  • Researchers analyzed 33 volatile compounds in both green and roasted coffee beans, identifying various esters, alcohols, acids, and more, while also assessing sensory characteristics like appearance and flavor.
  • Findings indicated that wet fermentation improved certain desirable aromas and flavors in coffee, particularly enhancing notes associated with premium coffees, such as "black tea leaves" and "dark chocolate."
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A novel Brucella T4SS effector RS15060 acts on bacterial morphology, lipopolysaccharide core synthesis and host proinflammatory responses, which is beneficial for Brucella melitensis virulence.

Microbiol Res

December 2024

Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241,  China; Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225309, China. Electronic address:

Brucella relies on the type IV secretion system (T4SS) to establish replication niches within host cells. However, the Brucella T4SS effectors and their functions have not been fully identified. In this study, we investigated the function of Brucella RS15060, a novel T4SS effector discovered in our previous study, on the bacterial biological characteristics and pathogenesis by construction of the gene deletion and complementation strains.

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() genes play significant roles in plant development and stress responses. Difficulties in somatic embryogenesis are a significant constraint on the uniform seedling production and genetic modification of , hindering efforts to improve coffee production in Yunnan, China. This study comprehensively analyzed genes in three species.

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Protein Structural Modeling and Transport Thermodynamics Reveal That Plant Cation-Chloride Cotransporters Mediate Potassium-Chloride Symport.

Int J Mol Sci

December 2024

School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus Precinct, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia.

Plant cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) are proposed to be Na-K-2Cl transporting membrane proteins, although evolutionarily, they associate more closely with K-Cl cotransporters (KCCs). Here, we investigated grapevine ( L.) VvCCC using 3D protein modeling, bioinformatics, and electrophysiology with a heterologously expressed protein.

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Nuclear Factor Y A (NF-YA) transcription factors are widely involved in multiple plant biological processes, such as embryogenesis, abscisic acid signaling, and abiotic stress response. This study presents a comprehensive genome-wide identification and expression profiling of NF-YA transcription factors in blueberry (), an important economic crop with good adaptability, under abiotic stress conditions. Given the economic significance and health benefits of blueberries, understanding their responses to environmental stresses, such as salt, drought, and temperature extremes, is crucial.

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The Remarkable Diversity of Vertebrate Bitter Taste Receptors: Recent Advances in Genomic and Functional Studies.

Int J Mol Sci

November 2024

Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan.

Bitter taste perception is crucial for animal survival. By detecting potentially harmful substances, such as plant secondary metabolites, as bitter, animals can avoid ingesting toxic compounds. In vertebrates, this function is mediated by taste receptors type 2 (T2Rs), a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on taste buds.

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Chili anthracnose, caused by , causes significant yield loss in chili production. In this study, we investigated the elicitor properties of a rhamnolipid (RL)-enriched PA3 fraction derived from SWUC02 in inducing systemic resistance in yellow chili seedlings and antifungal activity against CFPL01 (Col). Fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract yielded 12 fractions, with PA3 demonstrating the most effective disease suppression, reducing the disease severity index to 4 ± 7.

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() double-stranded RNA binding (DRB) proteins DRB1, DRB2 and DRB4 perform essential roles in microRNA (miRNA) production, with many of the produced miRNAs mediating aspects of the molecular response of to abiotic stress. Exposure of the , and mutants to mannitol stress showed to be the most sensitive to this form of osmotic stress. Profiling of the miRNA landscapes of mannitol-stressed , and seedlings via small RNA sequencing, and comparison of these to the profile of mannitol-stressed wild-type plants, revealed that the ability of the and mutants to mount an appropriate miRNA-mediated molecular response to mannitol stress was defective.

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The Consumption of High-Amylose Rice and its Effect on Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels: A Literature Review.

Nutrients

November 2024

Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Course of Food Science, Department of Applied Bioresource Science, The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.

Rice is a major staple in the diets of East Asian populations. Numerous meta-analyses have shown an association between high white rice consumption and a higher risk of diabetes. High-amylose rice (varieties with over 25% amylose content) is absorbed more slowly in the gut compared to low-amylose rice, and it results in lower levels of postprandial blood glucose.

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Seed Germination Ecology of and in Queensland Australia.

Plants (Basel)

December 2024

Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability (AGFS), University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.

and are among the most problematic broadleaf weeds in eastern cropping systems of Australia. This study investigated the seed germination ecology of and . The study hypothesized that may have greater ecological advantages under adverse environmental conditions compared to .

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Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plants. Due to the low Fe bioavailability in cultivated soils, Fe deficiency is a widespread agricultural problem. In this study, we present the functional characterization of a petunia () basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor PhbHLH121 in response to Fe shortage.

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Genotypic Variability in Root Morphology in a Diverse Wheat Genotypes Under Drought and Low Phosphorus Stress.

Plants (Basel)

November 2024

State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.

Article Synopsis
  • The study explored root traits of 100 winter wheat genotypes under various stress conditions including low phosphorus and drought.
  • Significant changes in root characteristics were noted, with drought reducing biomass and phosphorus content, while promoting deeper root growth.
  • The findings indicate that certain root traits are highly heritable and can be targeted in breeding programs to create wheat varieties that are more resilient to environmental stresses.
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Assisted Phytoremediation: A Promising Strategy for Cadmium-Contaminated Soils.

Plants (Basel)

November 2024

Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Agricultural Producing Areas, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to play a major role in regulating the accumulation, transport, and toxicity of cadmium (Cd) in plant tissues. This review aims to highlight the current understanding of the mechanisms by which AMF alleviate Cd toxicity in plants. Cd accumulation in agricultural soils has become an increasing global concern due to industrial activities and the use of phosphatic fertilizers.

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Development of 3D Printable Silver Carp () Surimi Gel with Dynamic High-Pressure Microfluidization-Modified Pea Protein Isolate and Microcrystalline Cellulose.

Foods

December 2024

Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 DongChuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.

Sliver carp is a nutritious and abundant species in China, but its low market value stems from its thin meat, small bones and strong odor. Processing it into surimi enhances its economic value, though surimi typically has low gel strength and is prone to deterioration. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained attention as an innovative additive manufacturing technique for personalization and process simplification requiring high-performance materials.

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Effects of Ultrasound-Assisted Treatment on Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from .

Foods

December 2024

College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from samples (SPs) extracted with different solvents. The alkali-assisted extraction of polysaccharide (SPA), acid-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from (SPB), and hot water extraction of polysaccharides (SPCs) were perofrmed on . Ultrasonic treatment was performed with the SPA, SPB, and SPC in turn, and named USPA, USPB, and UPSC, respectively.

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Chasteberry extract offers considerable phytotherapeutic benefits, particularly in alleviating premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. However, its hydroalcoholic nature leads to a bitter taste and a burning sensation, presenting challenges for direct consumption or incorporation into new food products. This study aimed to address these issues by encapsulating concentrated chasteberry extract using spray-drying with Arabic gum, followed by spray-chilling with vegetable fat as carriers.

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Stakeholder Views on the Potential Benefits and Feasibility of an Equestrian Industry-Specific Health, Safety and Welfare Management System.

Animals (Basel)

November 2024

Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.

With the growth of the equestrian industry, risk exposure and the obligation to maintain the health, safety, and welfare of humans and horses remain front and centre. As there has been no apparent reduction in non-fatal human horse-related injuries, we asked industry stakeholders to discuss their current management and risk mitigation practices and highlight potential barriers to improving these processes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 stakeholders from Australian equestrian work- ( = 9) and non-work- ( = 11) related organisations to determine the potential benefits and feasibility of adopting an industry-specific health, safety, and welfare (HSW) management system.

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is a hot spring purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacterium that contains bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) . Here, we present a 2.21 Å cryo-EM structure of the thermostable light-harvesting 1-reaction center (LH1-RC) complex from .

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Assessment of spatial variability and temporal stability of groundwater redox conditions in New Zealand.

Environ Monit Assess

December 2024

Horizons Regional Council, Private Bag 11 025, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.

Mitigating the impacts of agricultural nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) on water quality requires a clear understanding of their transport pathways and transformation processes from land to receiving waters. For nitrate, which is subject to subsurface denitrification, it is therefore important to assess the spatial variability and temporal stability of groundwater redox conditions, as nitrate reduction typically occurs in reducing conditions. This paper presents a robust assessment of a large groundwater quality data set collected across New Zealand landscapes, develops methods to impute missing groundwater redox-sensitive variables and characterises the spatial variability and temporal stability of groundwater redox conditions against relevant landscape hydrogeochemical characteristics.

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Reduced body size is an ecological response to climate change. Differential responses to heat stress in phenotypically diverse bovine lineages may imply a body size-dependent stress response. Heat-tolerant dwarf Vechur, Kasaragod (Bos taurus indicus), and heat-sensitive crossbred (CB, B.

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