The Cry2Aa protein is not enough to pose a threat to Pardosa astrigera.

The widespread commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops makes it important to assess the potential impact of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on non-target organisms. Pardosa astrigera is an important predator in agroforestry ecosystems, and female and male spiders may react differently to Bt toxins due to their different activity habits and nutritional requirements. In this study, we found that exposure to Cry2Aa protein did not affect the survival and body weight of P.

Comparative Analysis of γ-Cyclodextrin, Perilla Oil, and Their Inclusion Complexes on Liver Injury and Dyslipidemia Associated with Elevated Gastrointestinal 12-Hydroxylated Bile Acid Levels.

Our previous study demonstrated that γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD)-perilla oil inclusion complexes increase plasma α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid levels in healthy rats without adverse effects. The present study examined the effects of perilla oil, γ-CD, and their inclusion complexes on rats fed cholic acid (CA) to mimic the elevated gastrointestinal 12-hydroxylated (12OH) bile acid levels in high-fat diet-fed rats. Rats fed CA (CA group) tended to have higher AST, ALT, plasma total cholesterol (T-CHO), and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to controls fed a standard diet without CA.

Temperature and Host Fruit During Immature Development Shape Adult Life History Traits of Different Populations.

Temperature and host fruit availability are key factors influencing the life history traits of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) (). This study examines how developmental temperature and host fruit type affect adult longevity and fecundity in medflies from six populations spanning Southern to Central Europe. Larvae were reared on apples and bitter oranges at three constant temperatures (15, 20, and 25 °C), with pupae maintained under the same thermal conditions until adult emergence.

Millière (Pyralidae, Phycitinae): An Emerging Grapevine Pest in Greece.

The honeydew moth, Millière (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is native to the Mediterranean Basin. However, it has recently been reported as an emerging grapevine pest in southern European Union countries and in the Middle East, North Africa, and South America. This may be attributed to the global warming trends.

Formation of a Novel Antagonistic Bacterial Combination to Enhance Biocontrol for Cucumber Wilt.

strain PJH16, isolated and tested by our team, suppresses cucumber wilt as an efficient biocontrol agent. For further investigation, the strain has been combined with two other ( VJH504 and JNF2) to enhance biocontrol ability, which formed high-efficiency microbial agents in the current study. The methodological target taken is based on achieving the optimal growth conditions of the combined microbial agents; hence, the medium composition and culture conditions were optimized through a single-factor test, orthogonal test and response surface methodology.

Bacterial Diversity Associated with Terrestrial and Aquatic Snails.

The introduction of the holobiont concept has triggered scientific interest in depicting the structural and functional diversity of animal microbial symbionts, which has resulted in an unprecedented wealth of such cross-domain biological associations. The steadfast technological progress in nucleic acid-based approaches would cause one to expect that scientific works on the microbial symbionts of animals would be balanced at least for the farmed animals of human interest. For some animals, such as ruminants and a few farmed fish species of financial significance, the scientific wealth of the microbial worlds they host is immense and ever growing.

Endocrine Disruptors Chemicals: Impacts of Bisphenol A, Tributyltin and Lead on Thyroid Function.

The large-scale industrial production characteristic of the last century led to an increase in man-made compounds and mobilization of natural compounds, many of which can accumulate in the environment and organisms due to their bioaccumulation and biomagnification properties. The endocrine system is especially vulnerable to these compounds that are known as endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs). Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for normal development and growth, besides being the main regulators of basal metabolic rate.

Overexpression of the RNA-binding protein NrdA affects global gene expression and secondary metabolism in species.

RNA-binding protein Nrd1 plays a role in RNA polymerase II transcription termination. In this study, we showed that the orthologous NrdA is important in global mRNA expression and secondary metabolism in species. We constructed an conditional expression strain using the Tet-On system in mut.

The Role of Indoxyl Sulfate in Exacerbating Colorectal Cancer During Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: Insights into the Akt/β-Catenin/c-Myc and AhR/c-Myc Pathways in HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) aggravation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our previous study demonstrated that indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin whose concentration increases with CKD progression, exacerbates CRC through activation of the AhR and Akt pathways. Consequently, indoxyl sulfate has been proposed to be a significant link between CKD progression and CRC aggravation.

Surgical approach to a biliary tract cyst in an elderly cat.

Choledochal cyst or biliary tract cyst is a pathological condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the hepatobiliary system. In veterinary medicine, case descriptions and histological characterizations of this biliary malformation are scarce, requiring reliance on data from human medicine. A presumptive diagnosis typically involves imaging studies, with histopathological examination required for confirmation.

deficiency in mouse oocytes during in vitro maturation increases chromosome segregation errors with a reduced BUBR1 at kinetochore.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with chromosome segregation errors caused by intrinsic oxidative stress during in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) using oocytes from -deficient (KO) mice.

Methods: Ovulated or in vitro matured cumulus-cells oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from wild-type (WT) and KO mice and evaluated chromosome alignment, chromosome segregation, meiotic progression, and BUBR1 and REC8 protein expression levels.

Results: In 21% O IVM, the KO had significantly higher frequencies of chromosome misalignment and segregation errors compared to the WT, and they also reached Germinal Vesicle Break Down (GVBD) and M I stages peak earlier and showed a shorter M I stage residence time compared to the WT.

AaMYB61-like and AabHLH137 jointly regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Actinidia arguta.

Background: Red Actinidia arguta has recently become highly popular because of its red appearance resulting from anthocyanin accumulation, and has gradually become an important breeding direction. However, regulators involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis have not been fully characterized in A. arguta.

Crucial role of early addition of Wickerhamiella versatilis in enhancing aroma formation during soy sauce fermentation.

In modern Japanese soy sauce production, sealed outdoor fermentation tanks are used to ferment moromi with halotolerant starter cultures: the lactic acid bacterium Tetragenococcus halophilus and yeasts Wickerhamiella versatilis and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. T. halophilus and W.

Taste Preference and Metabolic Rate of Trehalose in Chickens.

Trehalose (Tre) is composed of two molecules of D-glucose joined by an α,α-1,1 glucosidic linkage. Because Tre is utilized by the gut microbiome and enhances gut immunity in chickens, it is used as a feed ingredient. However, taste preference and metabolic dynamics of Tre in chickens are not fully understood.

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of a New (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Species From a Singing Honeyeater ( Vieillot, 1817) (Passeriformes: Meliphagidae) in Western Australia.

We describe and characterize a new species from the Singing honeyeater () in Western Australia, both morphologically and molecularly. Microscopic analysis of a fecal sample identified 25 ellipsoidal oocysts, measuring 21-25 × 18-20 μm (mean 23.4 × 18.

Socio-economic and demographic determinants of undernutrition among 6-59 months old children living in Malawian stunting hotspots: a cross-sectional community study.

Background: Malnutrition is a global burden, with 171 million under-five children stunted and 45% of child deaths linked to it. Despite high undernutrition such as stunting in Mchinji, Mangochi, and Mzimba, no study has focused on all three hot spots. This study examined socio-economic and demographic determinants of undernutrition among children aged 6-59 months, offering insights to guide targeted interventions in these areas.

Spatiotemporal transcriptome and metabolome landscapes of cotton somatic embryos.

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a developmental process related to the regeneration of tissue-cultured plants, which serves as a useful technique for crop breeding and improvement. However, SE in cotton is difficult and elusive due to the lack of precise cellular level information on the reprogramming of gene expression patterns involved in somatic embryogenesis. Here, we investigate the spatial and single-cell expression profiles of key genes and the metabolic patterns of key metabolites by integrated single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics (ST), and spatial metabolomics (SM).

Spatiotemporal transcriptome and metabolome landscapes of cotton fiber during initiation and early development.

Cotton fibers are single cells that develop from the epidermal cells in the outer integument of developing seeds. The processes regulating fiber cell development have been extensively studied; however, the spatiotemporal transcriptome and metabolome profiles during the early stages of fiber development remain largely unknown. In this study, we profile the dynamics of transcriptome and metabolome during the early stages of cotton fiber cell development using a combination of spatial transcriptomic, single-cell transcriptomic, and spatial metabolomic analyses.

Chemical Compositions of the Marine Red Alga Laurencia composita Collected in Japan.

Marine red alga Laurencia composita was collected from seven sampling locations in Japan, and all samples were identified based on morphological studies as well as rbcL sequencing analysis. This is the first report of the isolation of (-)-8-bromo-9-hydroxy-(E)-γ-bisabolene (1) as a natural product, and bisabolene-type and β-chamigrene-type sesquiterpenes found in L. composita collected in Japan.

Discovering the allure of forests: Exploring adolescent queries in nature-rich environments.

This study explores adolescents' inherent curiosity about nature through the production of self-generated questions during a field visit to a nature-rich environment, followed by descriptive-interpretative analysis using focus groups. Utilizing cultural probes and content-free question tokens, we collected 164 valid questions produced by 36 adolescents during the field session. Biotic elements, like species, turned out to be more intriguing than abiotic elements, originating 89.

Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Source, Extraction, Stability, Bioactivity, and Functional Food Applications.

Nature has been acknowledged as a fundamental source of diverse bioactive molecules. Among natural carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin, and their oxidative metabolites are specifically deposited in the macular region of living organisms. Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids primarily found in green leafy vegetables, eggs, and various fruits.

Identification of EXPA4 as a key gene in cotton salt stress adaptation through transcriptomic and coexpression network analysis of root tip protoplasts.

Background: Salinity stress impairs cotton growth and fiber quality. Protoplasts enable elucidation of early salt-responsive signaling. Elucidating crop tolerance mechanisms that ameliorate these diverse salinity-induced stresses is key for improving agricultural productivity under saline conditions.

From Taxus to paclitaxel: Opportunities and challenges for urban agriculture to promote human health.

Conifers of the genus Taxus are environmentally friendly plants with significant medicinal and ecological value, contributing to the enhancement of urban living environments. Paclitaxel, a compound found in Taxus, has garnered particular research interest owing to its potent anti-cancer effects. However, traditional methods of extracting paclitaxel from Taxus are not only inefficient, but also destructive and unsustainable, posing the major risk of Taxus extinction.

Environmental and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in rehabilitating iron mine lands in the Brazilian Amazon.

Waste pile substrates from Fe mining may carry potentially toxic elements (PTE). Rehabilitation efforts must maintain soil vegetation cover effectively, avoiding the dispersion of particulate matter and reducing the risk to the environment and human health. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the pseudo-total and extractable contents, perform chemical fractionation, and assess the bioaccessibility and risk of PTE in waste piles of Fe mining in the Eastern Amazon.