Do different wheat ploidy levels respond differently against stripe rust infection: Interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system?

Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) is the most damaging wheat disease, causing substantial losses in global wheat production and productivity.

Introgression and Mapping of a Novel Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene from acc. CR100098A into .

Bacterial blight (BB) caused by pv. is one of the epidemic diseases in rice. Rapid changes in the pathogenicity of the pv.

CRISPR/Cas technology: fueling the future of Biofuel production with sugarcane.

The objective of present review is to provide a scientific overview of sugarcane as a potential feedstock for biofuel and use of genome editing approach for improvement of industrial and agronomical traits in sugarcane. Sugarcane, a perennial tropical grass with a high biomass index, is a promising feedstock for bioethanol production, and its bagasse, rich in lignocellulosic material, serves as an ideal feedstock for producing second-generation bioethanol. To improve the conversion of sugarcane biomass into biofuels, developing varieties with improved biomass degradability and high biomass and sucrose content is essential.

Metconazole inhibits fungal growth and toxin production in major Fusarium species that cause rice panicle blight.

Rice panicle blight (RPB) caused by various Fusarium spp. is an emerging disease in the major rice-growing regions of China. Epidemics of this disease cause significant yield loss and reduce grain quality by contaminating panicles with different Fusarium toxins.

Origin and evolution of the bread wheat D genome.

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally dominant crop and major source of calories and proteins for the human diet. Compared with its wild ancestors, modern bread wheat shows lower genetic diversity, caused by polyploidisation, domestication and breeding bottlenecks. Wild wheat relatives represent genetic reservoirs, and harbour diversity and beneficial alleles that have not been incorporated into bread wheat.

Insights into maydis leaf blight resistance in maize: a comprehensive genome-wide association study in sub-tropics of India.

Background: In the face of contemporary climatic vulnerabilities and escalating global temperatures, the prevalence of maydis leaf blight (MLB) poses a potential threat to maize production. This study endeavours to discern marker-trait associations and elucidate the candidate genes that underlie resistance to MLB in maize by employing a diverse panel comprising 336 lines. The panel was screening for MLB across four environments, employing standard artificial inoculation techniques.

Genome editing tools based improved applications in macrofungi.

Macrofungi commonly referred to as Mushrooms are distributed worldwide and well known for their nutritional, medicinal, and organoleptic properties. Strain improvement in mushrooms is lagging due to paucity of efficient genome modification techniques. Thus, for advanced developments in research and commercial or economical viability and benefit, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9) emerged as an efficient genome editing tool.

Mapping of Aegilops speltoides derived leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes using 35K SNP array.

Wheat is an essential food commodity cultivated throughout the world. However, this crop faces continuous threats from fungal pathogens, leaf rust (LR) and stripe rust (YR). To continue feeding the growing population, these major destructors of wheat must be effectively countered by enhancing the genetic diversity of cultivated germplasm.

Nano-delivery platforms for bacterial gene transformation: suitability and challenges.

Nano-scale particles (NPs) have gained increased interest as non-viral vectors for nucleic acid delivery due to their ability to penetrate through unabraded cell membranes. The previous studies performed have evaluated the nanomaterials for their microbial transformation proficiency but have not compared the relative efficacy. The present study aims to identify the most proficient nano-delivery vehicle among the chemically synthesized/functionalized non-metal oxide, metal/metal oxide, and carbon-based (carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene oxide (GO)) nanomaterial(s) (NMs) for the transformation of two gram-negative bacteria, i.

Exploring the Significance of Somaclonal Variations in Horticultural Crops.

Genetic and epigenetic variations produced via cell and tissue culture open up new sources of variability intra-species which can be used to improve crops. The use of in vitro generated somaclonal variations for selecting novel variants aids in the development of novel genotypes having desirable agronomic traits that can be released as varieties or utilized for breeding purposes. Horticultural crops give higher yield and productivity per unit area than other crops, as well as provide good economic returns which have led to an increase in their potential benefits throughout time.

Stress adaptive plasticity from introgression lines improves drought and heat stress tolerance in bread wheat ( L.).

is a D-genome donor of hexaploid wheat and is a potential source of genes for various biotic and abiotic stresses including heat and drought. In the present study, we used multi-stage evaluation technique to understand the effects of heat and drought stresses on derived introgression lines (ILs). Preliminary evaluation (during stage-I) of 369 ILs for various agronomic traits identified 59 agronomically superior ILs.

Multi-GWAS reveals significant genomic regions for Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus resistance in urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) across multiple environments.

Unraveling genetic markers for MYMIV resistance in urdbean, with 8 high-confidence marker-trait associations identified across diverse environments, provides crucial insights for combating MYMIV disease, informing future breeding strategies. Globally, yellow mosaic disease (YMD) causes significant yield losses, reaching up to 100% in favorable environments within major urdbean cultivating regions. The introgression of genomic regions conferring resistance into urdbean cultivars is crucial for combating YMD, including resistance against mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV).

Precision mapping and expression analysis of recessive bacterial blight resistance gene xa-45(t) from Oryza glaberrima.

Background: Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most devastating diseases of rice leading to huge yield losses in Southeast Asia. The recessive resistance gene xa-45(t) from Oryza glaberrima IRGC102600B, mapped on rice chromosome 8, spans 80 Kb with 9 candidate genes on Nipponbare reference genome IRGSP-1.

Nanobiostimulant action of trigolic formulated zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS-T NPs) on rice seeds by triggering antioxidant defense network and plant growth specific transcription factors.

Under a changing climate, nanotechnological interventions for climate resilience in crops are critical to maintaining food security. Prior research has documented the affirmative response of nano zinc sulfide (nZnS) on physiological traits of fungal-infested rice seeds. Here, we propose an application of trigolic formulated zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS-T NPs) on rice seeds as nanobiostimulant to improve physiological parameters by triggering antioxidative defense system, whose mechanism was investigated at transcriptional level by differential expression of genes in germinated seedlings.

In-Silico Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Resistant Starch Biosynthesis in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an important horticultural crop is a member of the family Solanaceae and is mainly grown for consumption at global level. Starch, the principal component of tubers, is one of the significant elements for food and non-food-based applications.

Essential oils and their blends: mechanism of antibacterial activity and antibiofilm potential on food-grade maize starch packaging films.

Essential oils are highly complex volatile chemical compounds utilized for food preservation. The present study compares the antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities of essential oils (EOs) and their blends. Three EOs-basil, clove, and lemongrass-and their blends were evaluated against five food-borne bacterial pathogens.

Meta-analysis of identified genomic regions and candidate genes underlying salinity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Rice output has grown globally, yet abiotic factors are still a key cause for worry. Salinity stress seems to have the more impact on crop production out of all abiotic stresses. Currently one of the most significant challenges in paddy breeding for salinity tolerance with the help of QTLs, is to determine the QTLs having the best chance of improving salinity tolerance with the least amount of background noise from the tolerant parent.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of flowering genes in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck: a comparison among C. Medica L., C. Reticulata Blanco, C. Grandis (L.) Osbeck and C. Clementina.

Background: Flowering plays an important role in completing the reproductive cycle of plants and obtaining next generation of plants. In case of citrus, it may take more than a year to achieve progeny. Therefore, in order to fasten the breeding processes, the juvenility period needs to be reduced.

Effect of irrigation on wild and inbred maize with relation to the antioxidant status of pollens, flag leaves, and developing grains.

The investigation was carried out to evaluate the net effect of limited irrigation on the antioxidant status of pollens, flag leaves, and developing grains of wild and inbred maize lines. Teosinte pollens showed the highest activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and peroxidase (POX) under stressful conditions while LM 11 showed a significant decrease in APX, CAT, GR, and GST activities. Limited irrigations increased the contents of superoxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) to maximum levels in LM 11 leaves.

Elucidating the effect of TiO nanoparticles on mung bean rhizobia via in vitro assay: Influence on growth, morphology, and plant growth promoting traits.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are among the most commonly used nanomaterials and are most likely to end up in soil. Therefore, it is pertinent to study the interaction of TiO NPs with soil microorganisms. The present in vitro broth study evaluates the impacts of low-dose treatments (0, 1.