2,487 results match your criteria: "School of Advanced Science[Affiliation]"

Swarm shepherding using bearing-only measurements.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

January 2025

Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Drawing inspiration from natural herding behaviours, shepherding provides a method for swarm guidance that utilizes steering agents and can be applied in biological and robotics systems at various scales. However, while most shepherding research has relied on the precise sensing capabilities of steering agents, these assumptions do not necessarily hold in real-world tasks. To fill in the gap between practice and literature, in this study, we demonstrate that swarm shepherding can be achieved via bearing-only measurements, and explore the minimum amount of information required.

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Dissipative constraint-based multi-area power system with time-varying delays and cyber-attacks.

ISA Trans

January 2025

Department of Applied Mathematics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; Department of Mathematics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440746, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

This work describes the dissipative constraint-based load frequency control problem for multi-area power system under load disturbances. Particularly, a new model incorporating time-varying delays and cyber-attacks are widespread in communication networks, significantly impacting control and stability. Consequently, the state-space equations of the addressed model are formulated and analyzed under the impact of false data injection attacks, and time-varying delays.

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Relativistic CASPT2/RASPT2 Program along with DIRAC Software.

J Chem Theory Comput

January 2025

Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

Exploring electronic states in actinide compounds is a critical aspect of nuclear science. However, considering relativistic effects and electron correlation in theoretical calculations poses a complex challenge. To tackle this, we developed the CASPT2/RASPT2 program along with the DIRAC program, enabling calculations of electron correlation methods using multiconfigurational perturbation theory with various relativistic Hamiltonians.

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Transitions seen in the electric properties of water-absorbable poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) films were confirmed by electric conductivity, dielectric constant, and time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The electric resistance of the films was measured at room temperature using a high-resistance meter, and the dielectric constant at room temperature was measured using an LCR meter in the frequency range of 90 Hz to 8 MHz. The water absorption ratio at equilibrium absorption for the films was 37%, which corresponded to a volume fraction of water of 0.

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Application of high-heat input welding on high-tensile strength steels causes deterioration of mechanical properties of the welded joint, due to softening and grain coarsening in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In this study, low-heat input narrow-gap hot-wire laser welding was applied to 12 mm thick 780 MPa-class high-tensile strength steel plate. Conditions were optimized based on microstructural observations of joints produced at various welding speeds.

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Bayesian Flow Network Framework for Chemistry Tasks.

J Chem Inf Model

January 2025

Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.

In this work, we introduce ChemBFN, a language model that handles chemistry tasks based on Bayesian flow networks working with discrete data. A new accuracy schedule is proposed to improve sampling quality by significantly reducing reconstruction loss. We show evidence that our method is appropriate for generating molecules with satisfied diversity, even when a smaller number of sampling steps is used.

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pH-Triggered Phase Transitions, Coexposure of (001) and (110) Facets, and Oxygen Vacancies in BiOCl Photocatalysts.

Inorg Chem

January 2025

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia.

Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) is known for its unique layered microstructure, which plays a pivotal role in enhancing its photocatalytic properties. This study introduces a novel strategy for controlling the phase composition, facet orientation, and oxygen vacancy formation in BiOCl through precise pH adjustment during the synthesis. By employing a hydrothermal method, we systematically varied the pH to produce distinct BiOCl phases and conducted detailed structural and photocatalytic analyses.

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Enhancing CO oxidation performance by controlling the interconnected pore structure in porous three-way catalyst particles.

Nanoscale

January 2025

Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.

Highly ordered porous structured particles comprising three-way catalyst (TWC) nanoparticles have attracted attention because of their remarkable catalytic performance. However, the conditions for controlling their pore arrangement to form interconnected pore structures remain unclear. In particular, the correlation between framework thickness (distance between pores) or macroporosity and the diffusion of gaseous reactants to achieve a high catalytic performance has not been extensively discussed.

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Background: The worldwide rise in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases has increased the recognition of the need to identify modifiable risk factors for preventing and managing these diseases. The office worker, as a representative group of physically inactive workers, is exposed to risk factors for metabolic syndrome, which is a primary driver of noncommunicable diseases. The use of virtual reality (VR) exergames may offer a potential solution to the problem of increasing noncommunicable disease prevalence, as it can help individuals increase their physical activity levels while providing a more immersive experience.

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Optical cavity enhancement of visible light-driven photochemical reaction in the crystalline state.

Chem Commun (Camb)

January 2025

Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita ward, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.

Photochemical reactions enable the synthesis of energetically unfavorable compounds but often require irradiation with ultraviolet light, which potentially induces side reactions. Here, cavity strong coupling enhances the efficiency of an all-solid state photocyclization in crystals of 2,4-dimethoxy-β-nitrostyrene under irradiation with visible light. The exposure to visible light facilitates photocyclization by the transition to a lower polaritonic state, which is energetically lower than the original transition state.

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Paddlewheel-type and half-paddlewheel-type diruthenium(II,II) complexes with 1,8-naphthyridine-2-carboxylate.

Dalton Trans

January 2025

Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060, Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan.

Paddlewheel-type diruthenium(II,II) complexes are paramagnetic with two unpaired electrons ( = 1) and can be utilized as versatile building blocks for higher-order structures, such as supramolecular complexes, coordination polymers, and metal-organic frameworks, although they are generally highly air-sensitive. In this study, we developed an air-stable paddlewheel-type diruthenium(II,II) complex with two electron-withdrawing 1,8-naphthyridine-2-carboxylate (npc) ligands, [Ru(μ-npc)(OCMe)] (1). The two acetate ligands in 1 can be replaced by other carboxylate ligands; the solvothermal reactions of 1 with benzoic acid (HOCPh) yields the heteroleptic [Ru(μ-npc)(OCPh)] (2), whereas its reaction with 1,8-naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Hnpc) produces the homoleptic [Ru(μ-npc)(η-npc)] (3).

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Introduction: Tau protein plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in regulating neuronal excitability. Among tau-coding microtubule associated protein tau () gene mutations, the A152T mutation is reported to increase the risk of AD and neuronal excitability in mouse models.

Methods: To investigate the effects of gene expression and its mutations on neuronal activity in human neurons, we employed genome editing technology to introduce the A152T or P301S mutations into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

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We propose density functional theory (DFT)- and random forest (RF)-based theoretical and machine learning (ML) models, respectively, for predicting reaction barriers (Δ) using acrylate and methacrylate radical reactions as representatives. DFT is used to determine 100 transition state (TS) structures of both radicals, after which the obtained data are used to determine theoretical relationships (explained with Bell-Evans-Polanyi or Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi (BEP) and Marcus-like models) between Δ and stabilization energy of the product. Next, we construct several theoretical regression models for predicting Δ of the representative reactions based on our theoretical analyses, presenting an RF-based ML model that eases Δ predictions by circumventing time-consuming DFT calculations.

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Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and density functional theory (DFT), an experimental and theoretical study of changes in the electronic structure (dispersion dependencies) and corresponding modification of the energy band gap at the Dirac point (DP) for topological insulator (TI) [Formula: see text] have been carried out with gradual replacement of magnetic Mn atoms by non-magnetic Ge atoms when concentration of the latter was varied from 10% to 75%. It was shown that when Ge concentration increases, the bulk band gap decreases and reaches zero plateau in the concentration range of 45-60% while trivial surface states (TrSS) are present and exhibit an energy splitting of 100 and 70 meV in different types of measurements. It was also shown that TSS disappear from the measured band dispersions at a Ge concentration of about 40%.

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Background/objectives: Insomnia is a significant public health problem affecting a large population. Although previous research has explored the relationship between specific nutrients and insomnia, comprehensive analyses of daily eating patterns of macro- and micronutrients remain limited. Since nocturnal hypertension is related to sodium/potassium intake and sleep disturbances, the present cross-sectional study hypothesized that daily eating patterns of potassium and sodium would be associated with Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) scores.

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CAMSAP2 is required for bridging fiber assembly to ensure mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation in human epithelial Caco-2 cells.

PLoS One

January 2025

Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.

In mammalian epithelial cells, cytoplasmic microtubules are mainly non-centrosomal, through the functions of the minus-end binding proteins CAMSAP2 and CAMSAP3. When cells enter mitosis, cytoplasmic microtubules are reorganized into the spindle composed of both centrosomal and non-centrosomal microtubules. The function of the CAMSAP proteins upon spindle assembly remains unknown, as these do not exhibit evident localization to spindle microtubules.

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vClean: assessing virus sequence contamination in viral genomes.

NAR Genom Bioinform

March 2025

Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.

Recent advancements in viral metagenomics and single-virus genomics have improved our ability to obtain the draft genomes of environmental viruses. However, these methods can introduce virus sequence contaminations into viral genomes when short, fragmented partial sequences are present in the assembled contigs. These contaminations can lead to incorrect analyses; however, practical detection tools are lacking.

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The 18th International Zebrafish Conference (IZFC2024) took place from August 17 to 21, 2024, at Miyako Messe in Kyoto, Japan. This conference attracted 641 researchers from around the world along with 83 virtual participants, making it the largest gathering since the COVID-19 pandemic. The event featured two keynote lectures, three award lectures, 36 plenary talks, 90 oral presentations, and 374 poster presentations.

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The Alfvén instability nonlinearly excited the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode on the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak, as demonstrated experimentally. The mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode excitation and the mode nonlinear evolution is not yet fully understood. In the present work, a first-principles simulation using the MEGA code investigated the mode properties in both the linear growth and nonlinear saturated phases.

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Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a high-performance polymer known for its excellent thermal stability, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance, attributes that are derived from its unique structure comprising repeated benzene and imidazole rings. However, limitations such as relatively low thermal stability and moisture sensitivity restrict its application as a super engineering plastic. In this study, amide groups are incorporated into the PBI backbone to synthesize the copolymer poly(BI--A), effecting a structural modification at the molecular level.

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Modification of Processability and Shear-Induced Crystallization of Poly(lactic acid).

Polymers (Basel)

December 2024

Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Graduated School of Advanced Science and Technology, Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan.

We studied the rheological properties under both shear and elongational flow and crystallization behaviors after shear history for binary blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) with a slightly lower shear viscosity. EVA was immiscible with PLA and dispersed in droplets in the blend. The addition of EVA significantly reduced the shear viscosity, which is attributed to the interfacial slippage between PLA and EVA.

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Fly ash, produced during coal combustion for energy making, which is recognized as an industrial by-product, could lead to environmental health hazards. Subsequently, fly ash found that an exceptional adsorption performance for the removal of various toxic pollutants, the adsorption capacity of fly ash might be altered by introducing physical/chemical stimulation. Successfully converting fly ash into zeolites not only recovers their disposal difficulties but also transforms unwanted materials into merchandisable products for various industrial applications.

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Swarm navigation of cyborg-insects in unknown obstructed soft terrain.

Nat Commun

January 2025

Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, 5650871, Osaka, Japan.

Cyborg insects refer to hybrid robots that integrate living insects with miniature electronic controllers to enable robotic-like programmable control. These creatures exhibit advantages over conventional robots in adaption to complex terrain and sustained energy efficiency. Nevertheless, there is a lack of literature on the control of multi-cyborg systems.

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Differential neurogenic patterns underlie the formation of primary and secondary areas in the developing somatosensory cortex.

Cereb Cortex

January 2025

Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8480, Tokyo, Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • The cerebral cortex has organized areas that are connected by axons, but how neurogenesis (the development of new neurons) is coordinated between these areas isn’t well understood.
  • The somatosensory cortex is important for processing touch and receives sensory information through the thalamus to its primary and secondary areas.
  • Our study found that neuron production in the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) happens before the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and ends sooner, with a decrease in upper-layer neurons in S2 due to a change at the surface layer, suggesting a specific mechanism that organizes the development of these cortical areas.
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