Dialysis Patients' Evaluation of Lung Edema at Home Using a Mobile Phone Tele-Ultrasound Application: A Pilot Study.

: Home rehabilitation improves patient satisfaction and reduces the need for specialist consultations. Hemodialysis is a costly post-ICU service that requires frequent monitoring. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility and accuracy of patients self-scanning their lungs with an ultrasound device within the hospital.

Medicaid Expansion Increases Treatment for Patients with Colon Cancer.

Introduction: Medicaid expansion (ME) has positively impacted colon cancer screening. ME's effect on colon cancer treatment is less clear. This study analyses the effect of ME on patterns of colon cancer treatment.

Precision Oncology: A Global Perspective on Implementation and Policy Development.

Despite the acknowledged merits of precision oncology (PO) and its increasing global implementation, its full potential for advancing care and prevention remains unrealized. The benefits are currently accessible to only limited patient segments because of multifaceted barriers. Successful implementation hinges on various factors-scientific complexities not limited to technical, clinical, regulatory, economic, administrative, and health care policy-related challenges.

Dissociative and Deep Sedations Administered by Trained Unsupervised Pediatric Residents in Israeli Emergency Departments.

Study Objective: To cover pediatric emergency physicians' off-hours, third-year pediatric residents in Israel are trained for unsupervised administration of emergency department (ED) dissociative and deep sedation. We assessed the frequency of critical sedation events associated with resident-performed sedations.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review on all patients receiving intravenous sedation across 10 pediatric EDs between January 2018 and September 2022.

Intratumoral or Subcutaneous MK-2118, a Non-Cyclic Dinucleotide STING Agonist, With or Without Pembrolizumab for Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphomas.

Background: We evaluated the non-cyclic dinucleotide stimulator of interferon genes agonist MK-2118 ± pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas.

Methods: This first-in-human study (NCT03249792) enrolled patients with refractory, advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. Patients received intratumoral (IT) MK-2118 100-20,000 µg (arm 1), IT MK-2118 900-15,000 µg plus intravenous (IV) pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks (Q3W; arm 2), or subcutaneous (SC) MK-2118 5000-150,000 µg plus IV pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W (arm 4); arm 3 (visceral injection of MK-2118) was not pursued.

The Kinesin Kar3 is Required for Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation.

Degradation of aberrant, excess, and regulatory proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a conserved feature of eukaryotic cells, disruption of which contributes to disease. While remarkable progress has been made in recent years, mechanisms and genetic requirements for ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD) remain incompletely understood. We recently conducted a screen for genes required for turnover of a model ER translocon-associated substrate of the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase in .

Metagenome-informed metaproteomics of the human gut microbiome, host, and dietary exposome uncovers signatures of health and inflammatory bowel disease.

Host-microbiome-dietary interactions play crucial roles in regulating human health, yet their direct functional assessment remains challenging. We adopted metagenome-informed metaproteomics (MIM), in mice and humans, to non-invasively explore species-level microbiome-host interactions during commensal and pathogen colonization, nutritional modification, and antibiotic-induced perturbation. Simultaneously, fecal MIM accurately characterized the nutritional exposure landscape in multiple clinical and dietary contexts.

Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: salvage mechanism for oligohydramnios complicating fetal growth restriction.

Objective: Portosystemic shunts in growth-restricted fetuses are more common than previously thought. We aimed to describe fetuses with growth restriction and transient oligohydramnios in which a congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CIPSS) was noted during follow-up.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of all fetuses diagnosed with growth restriction and transient oligohydramnios during a 5-year period in a large tertiary referral center.

Cancer therapy and reproductive impact.

All patients where the cancer treatment has gonadotoxic potential should be referred for oncofertility advice. The effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on the human ovary can vary from no impact to full-blown premature ovarian failure due to hormonal and follicular depletion. Total contraindications to fertility cryopreservation include acute malignancy that requires immediate lifesaving therapy.

Prediction of tissue and clinical thrombectomy outcome in acute ischaemic stroke using deep learning.

The advent of endovascular thrombectomy has significantly improved outcomes for stroke patients with intracranial large vessel occlusion, yet individual benefits can vary widely. As demand for thrombectomy rises and geographic disparities in stroke care access persist, there is a growing need for predictive models that quantify individual benefits. However, current imaging methods for estimating outcomes may not fully capture the dynamic nature of cerebral ischemia and lack a patient-specific assessment of thrombectomy benefits.

Neonatal central nervous system infection by Ureaplasma species is rare, but relevant: results from a multicenter nationwide surveillance study.

Purpose: Ureaplasma species (spp.) are relevant contributors to preterm birth but may also cause invasive infections particularly in very immature preterm infants. This study aimed to assess the incidence of neonatal Ureaplasma infections of the central nervous system (CNS).

Mode of Delivery and Subsequent Motor Function in Children With Myelomeningocele Without In Utero Repair.

Objective: To assess the association between mode of delivery and 2-year motor function in children with prenatal diagnosis of myelomeningocele.

Methods: A multisite retrospective cohort study of children with myelomeningocele across 14 NAFTNet (North American Fetal Therapy Network) centers born between 2007 and 2020 who had a physical examination available at 2 years of life. Exclusion criteria were in utero myelomeningocele repair, postnatal myelomeningocele diagnosis, missing data on fetal presentation at delivery, and contraindications to labor.

Lung clearance index: A sensitive measure of airway function improvement in adolescents after weight loss from bariatric surgery.

Background: Morbid obesity in adolescents impacts respiratory function, often leading to reduced lung volume and obstructive ventilatory defects. However, standard spirometric values frequently remain within normal ranges.

Objectives: We hypothesized that Lung Clearance Index (LCI) is a more sensitive marker for detecting airway dysfunction in adolescents with morbid obesity than conventional lung function tests.

Impact of myelodysplasia-related and additional gene mutations in intensively treated patients with -mutated AML.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the myelodysplasia-related gene (MRG) as well as additional gene mutations on outcomes in intensively treated patients with -mutated ( ) AML. Targeted DNA sequencing of 263 genes was performed in 568 AML patients (median age: 59 years) entered into the prospective AMLSG 09-09 treatment trial. Most commonly co-mutated genes were (49.

Effectiveness and Safety of Adalimumab in Patients With Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Study on Behalf of the Porto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Working Group of European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition.

Background And Aims: Patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), with an age of onset < 6 years, can present with severe manifestations and may require biologic therapy. Infliximab and adalimumab are approved for induction and maintenance in pediatric IBD patients but are licensed only above the age of 6 years. Effectiveness and safety data on adalimumab in this patient population are lacking.

Baseline Drug Clearance Predicts Outcomes in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated With Vedolizumab: Results From the VedoKids Prospective Multicentre Study.

Background: The pharmacokinetics of biologic agents can differ between children and adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), often necessitating modified paediatric dosing strategies.

Aims: To define the exposure-response relationship of vedolizumab in the paediatric IBD VedoKids cohort including the effect of baseline clearance on deep biochemical remission (normal C-reactive protein [CRP]/erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] and steroid-free remission) at 30 weeks, and to use population pharmacokinetic models to find the best matches between adult and paediatric pharmacokinetic profiles.

Methods: We sought a pharmacokinetic model on 312 serum vedolizumab concentrations from 129 children, assisted by a published adult model as a Bayesian prior.

Reversal of inflammatory reprogramming by vasodilator agents in pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deadly disease without effective non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic testing. It remains unclear whether vasodilators reverse inflammatory activation, a part of PAH pathogenesis. Single-cell profiling of inflammatory cells in blood could clarify these PAH mechanisms.

Variability in disease severity among cystic fibrosis patients carrying residual-function variants: data from the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry.

Background: People with cystic fibrosis (CF) variants that exhibit residual function (RF) of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator are considered to have a milder disease; however, the spectrum of CF phenotype within the different RF variants has not been extensively investigated. The aim of the present study was to characterise the spectrum of CF disease severity in people with CF (pwCF) carrying different RF variants, using the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry (ECFSPR) data.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study included data from the ECFSPR during 2008-2016.

Economic Evaluation of a Novel Lung Cancer Diagnostic in a Population of Patients with a Positive Low-Dose Computed Tomography Result.

Early detection of lung cancer is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Although advances in diagnostic technologies have significantly enhanced the ability to identify lung cancer in earlier stages, there are still limitations. The alarming rate of false positives has resulted in unnecessary utilization of medical resources and increased risk of adverse events from invasive procedures.

Clinical criteria for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy.

Limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is highly prevalent in late life and a common co-pathology with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC). LATE-NC is a slowly progressive, amnestic clinical syndrome. Alternatively, when present with ADNC, LATE-NC is associated with a more rapid course.

Anorectal malformation with rectoperineal fistula in males treated with a posterior rectal advancement anoplasty (PRAA) - report of early outcomes.

A novel modification of the cutback procedure, a posterior rectal advancement anoplasty (PRAA) for select male patients with an anorectal malformation and a rectoperineal fistula was recently described which incised only within the limits of the sphincteric ellipse and eliminated an anterior rectal dissection, thus avoiding any possibility of a urethral injury. This report provides longer term postoperative outcomes after PRAA. Method A retrospective, single institution study was performed examining male patients with a rectoperineal fistula between 1/2020-12/2023.

Exploring Tetraselmis chui microbiomes-functional metagenomics for novel catalases and superoxide dismutases.

The focus on microalgae for applications in several fields, e.g. resources for biofuel, the food industry, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, biotechnology, and healthcare, has gained increasing attention over the last decades.

Sex-specific Associations of Gene Expression with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology and Ante-mortem Cognitive Performance.

The biological mechanisms underlying women's increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence remain undefined. Previous case/control studies have identified sex-biased molecular pathways, but sex-specific relationships between gene expression and AD endophenotypes, particularly sex chromosomes, are underexplored. With bulk transcriptomic data across 3 brain regions from 767 decedents, we investigated sex-specific associations between gene expression and post-mortem β-amyloid and tau as well as antemortem longitudinal cognition.

Locus coeruleus signal intensity and emotion regulation in agitation in Alzheimer's disease.

Hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation is seen in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus from the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease onwards and has been associated with symptoms of agitation. It is hypothesized that compensatory locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system overactivity and impaired emotion regulation could underlie agitation propensity, but to our knowledge this has not previously been investigated. A better understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of agitation would help the development of targeted prevention and treatment strategies.