Primary antibiotic prophylaxis in biliary atresia did not demonstrate decreased infection rate: Multi-centre retrospective study.

Aim: This retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing ascending cholangitis following Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). Data from 72 patients treated across four tertiary centres in Israel from 2008 to 2018 were analysed.

Methods: Clinical and laboratory data were collected from biliary atresia (BA) diagnosis until liver transplantation (LT) or study completion.

Rebound Growth of Infantile Hemangiomas after Propranolol versus Atenolol Treatment: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Propranolol is the first-line treatment for complicated infantile hemangioma (IH). Rebound growth following propranolol discontinuation is reported in 6-25% of patients. Atenolol is considered an effective alternative to propranolol.

Deformational plagiocephaly multi-group outpatient clinics reduce referral to visit times and visit length.

Objective: Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) is a well-recognized condition, affecting up to 20% of all babies. Its prevalence lead centers worldwide to create multi-group clinics and incorporate technology to decrease repetitive counselling, save clinic hours and shorten waiting times. This paper describes the modalities incorporated in our craniofacial clinic since 2016 and their effect on our patient population.

Dietary intake and sleep in late childhood - do shorter children have distinct patterns?

Background: The exceptional growth rate during adolescence demands increased dietary intake. We aimed to compare diet and lifestyle of pre-adolescents with height and weight below the 10 percentile, with those of pre-adolescents of higher height and weight.

Methods: This case-control study included healthy pre-pubertal girls (≥9 years) and boys (≥10 years).

The Association between Blood Pressure and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a common and effective treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis. Changes in systemic blood pressure after TAVI have been described, yet their prognostic value is not established. Thus, we aimed to examine the association of the periprocedural changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and in pulse pressure on clinical outcomes after the procedure.

Do Changes in BMI during the COVID-19 Pandemic Persist in the Post-Pandemic Period in a Pediatric Population Attending Health Care Clinics? A Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: The long-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on body weight has not been sufficiently analyzed. This study aimed to analyze changes in body mass index (BMI) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic among a large pediatric population attending health care clinics.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study utilized electronic medical data of 106,871 children (52.

Steps Toward Decreasing Maternal Alcohol Consumption in Israel: Nationwide Trends During a Decade.

Objectives: Prenatal alcohol exposure poses a substantial risk to fetal development. Efforts were made in 2011-2020 to increase public awareness of and prevent alcohol consumption during pregnancy. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Israel of pregnant women's alcohol consumption from January 2021 through June 2023 and compared our results with the results of a survey conducted during 2009-2010 to assess changes over time.

Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Versus Placebo in Subjects at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis: The PURPOSE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background And Hypotheses: In the past 2 decades, substantial effort has been put into research on therapeutic options for people at ultra-high risk (UHR) for developing a first episode of psychosis (FEP), focusing on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preventing transition to psychosis. Despite an initial positive finding, subsequent studies failed to find a beneficial effect. The current study aimed to further investigate the effect of omega-3 PUFAs in UHR, to determine whether this line of research is worth pursuing.

Respiratory hospitalizations and ICU admissions among children with and without medical complexity at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Decreased severe respiratory illness was observed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a relatively smaller decrease among children with medical complexity (CMC) compared to non-CMC. We extended this analysis to the third pandemic year (April 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023) when pandemic public health measures were loosened. A population-based repeated cross-sectional study evaluated respiratory hospitalizations among CMC and non-CMC (<18 years) in Ontario, Canada.

Longitudinal safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children aged 4-11 years with juvenile-onset autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: A prospective multicenter study.

This prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study assessed the safety and efficacy of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine among children 4-11 years-old with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatologic disease (AIIRD), compared to healthy controls. The study was conducted from 11/2021-12/2022 at 4 tertiary pediatric rheumatology units in Israel. Participants received at least 2 vaccine doses.

Age Stratification and Prognostic Factor Analysis in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Objectives: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is rare in the pediatric population. It remains unclear whether younger children are at greater risk of more aggressive disease. We aimed to identify prognostic factors for aggressive pediatric DTC and to define an appropriate age stratification.

Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: The leading nonhereditary cause of childhood sensorineural hearing loss has been attributed to congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV). Sensorineural hearing loss can be unilateral (UHL) or bilateral (BHL), and may be progressive. Our objective was to describe the characteristics, clinical nature and follow-up of ears in cCMV-associated UHL.

Recorded diagnosis of overweight/obesity in primary care is linked to obesity care performance rates.

Background: Periodical BMI measurement during visits with primary care pediatricians (PCP) can be central to diagnosing, managing, and treating overweight/obesity. The aim was to evaluate among children and adolescents with similar BMI percentiles, whether recording a formal diagnosis by PCP, of overweight/obesity is associated with improved performance rates of obesity-related care.

Methods: The electronic database of the largest health maintenance organization in Israel was searched for all patients aged 2-18 years with BMI recorded at a visit with the PCP during 2017-2023.

Mediastinal Tumor in a Boy With GnRH-Independent Precocious Puberty and Fluctuating β-HCG Levels.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH(-independent premature puberty in boys, characterized by elevated β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels, can indicate a secreting germ cell tumor (GCT). These tumors are rare but more common in individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (KS). We present a case of a 7.

Risk Factors for Neonatal Clavicular Fractures: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.

Background: Neonatal clavicular fractures represent the most common fracture during delivery. We aimed to define risk factors associated with these fractures in a large population-based database.

Methods: Data were extracted from Clalit Health Services' electronic health records from 2000 to 2020.

A Discrepancy in the Reports on Life Events Between Parents and Their Depressed Children Is Associated with Lower Responsiveness to SSRI Treatment.

Exposure to a range of stressful life events (SLE) is implicated in youth psychopathology. Previous studies point to a discrepancy between parents'/children's reports regarding stressful life events. No study systematically assessed the correlation between such discrepancies and psychopathology in depressed youth.