Effectiveness of a timed praziquantel treatment of school children in relation to seasonal transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis in Northwestern Tanzania.

Background: Regular mass drug administration of praziquantel has a positive impact on reducing the burden of human schistosomiasis, however transmission still persists in many areas. To reach disease elimination; tailored interventions are needed to not only further reduce infections but also to tackle areas of persistent high prevalences of infection. One proposed approach is timed treatment based on the natural disease transmission cycle in relation to seasons.

Screening for schistosomiasis in a non-endemic setting: Accuracy of a rapid antibody test using finger prick blood.

Human schistosomiasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma, infecting 250 million people worldwide, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Recently, thousands of cases have been reported in immigrants to non-endemic countries, including Italy. Serological screening is recommended but so far, no accurate point-of-care (POC) and lab-free test is available.

In vitro antischistosomal activity of Artemisia species.

Praziquantel is currently the only effective treatment for schistosomiasis, but several limitations underscore the need for new therapeutic agents. Recent promising in vitro results with Artemisia species and the success of A. annua and its active compound artemisinin in treating parasitic infections warrant the need for further studies.

Inverted Patterns of Schistosomiasis and Fascioliasis and Risk Factors Among Humans and Livestock in Northern Tanzania.

Fascioliasis and schistosomiasis are parasitic trematodiases of public health and economic concern in humans and livestock. However, data on the distribution and risk factors for fascioliasis remain limited, while epidemiological gaps hinder schistosomiasis control in Tanzania. This One Health, cross-sectional study examined the prevalence and risk factors of schistomiasis and fascioliasis in northern Tanzania, involving 310 livestock and 317 human participants from Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara regions.

Antibody Responses and the Vaccine Efficacy of Recombinant Glycosyltransferase and Nicastrin Against .

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease and the second most common parasitic disease after malaria. While praziquantel remains the primary treatment, concerns about drug resistance highlight the urgent need for new drugs and effective vaccines to achieve sustainable control. Previous proteomic studies from our group revealed that the expression of glycosyltransferase and nicastrin as proteins was higher in single-sex males than mated males, suggesting their critical roles in parasite reproduction and their potential as vaccine candidates.

and Evaluation of the Antischistosomal Activity of Polygodial and 9-Deoxymuzigadial Isolated from Branches.

In the present study, the hexane extract from branches of (Winteraceae) displayed potent activity against parasites (100% mortality of the worms at 200 μg/mL). Bioactivity-guided fractionation afforded, in addition to the previously reported bioactive sesquiterpene 3,6-epidioxy-bisabola-1,10-diene, two chemically related drimane sesquiterpenes-polygodial () and 9-deoxymuzigadial (). The anti- effects for compounds and were determined in vitro, with compound demonstrating significant potency (EC value of 10 μM for both male and female worms), while was inactive.

Effect of Praziquantel on Preventing Delayed Infection of in Buffaloes and Goats.

Schistosomiasis, caused by , continues to pose a major public health threat in East Asia, with an estimated 71 million people at risk of infection. Domestic animals, especially buffaloes and goats, serve as important reservoir hosts, facilitating the transmission of the parasite to humans. While praziquantel (PZQ) is the first-line treatment for schistosomiasis due to its broad-spectrum efficacy against adult schistosomes, its prophylactic potential is less explored.

Squamous Cell Bladder Cancer: A Rare Histological Variant with a Demand for Modern Cancer Therapeutics.

Bladder cancer is among the most common form of cancer worldwide and is predicted to increase in incidence and mortality over the next decade. Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare histological variant typically associated with schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, a parasitic infection caused by flatworms called schistosomes or blood flukes, and is generally seen in underdeveloped nations. However, squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder still represents nearly 5% of bladder cancer diagnoses in the western world.

Nuclear Intron Sequence Variation of the Complex (Mollusca: Planorbidae): Implications for Molecular Systematic Analyses.

Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by the blood fluke , which is predominantly found in Africa. The freshwater snail is its main intermediate host. The species that make up the group are genetically complex, and their taxonomic status remains controversial.

Detection and analysis of Serpin and RP26 specific antibodies for monitoring Schistosoma haematobium transmission.

Background: Schistosoma haematobium is the causative pathogen for urogenital schistosomiasis. To achieve progress towards schistosomiasis elimination, there is a critical need for developing highly sensitive and specific tools to monitor transmission in near-elimination settings. Although antibody detection is a promising approach, it is usually unable to discriminate active infections from past ones.

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Origanum majorana Aqueous Leaves Extracts, Characterization and Evaluated Against to Schistosoma haematobium.

Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma worms, is a major neglected tropical disease in Africa, this disease is ranked as second after malaria. Nanotechnology is important for treating schistosomiasis while minimizing chemotherapy side effects. The current investigate aimed to assess the effectiveness of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), which were used for the first time in an attempt to find alternative treatment for schistosomiasis and synthesized by Origanum majorana, and to compare them with praziquantel (PZQ), the only chemical treatment approved by the World Health Organization.

Approaches of Inducing Tolerance to Murine Schistosomiasis mansoni applying Biomphalaria and Bulinus Proteins.

Background: The freshwater snails Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus trancatus are key contributors to the transmission of S. mansoni and S.haematobium, respectively, for being their intermediate hosts.

Description of the Serological Response After Treatment of Chronic Imported Schistosomiasis.

Background: Chronic schistosomiasis can lead to significant morbidity. Serology is highly sensitive; however, its role in assessing treatment response is controversial. This study aimed to analyze serological values following treatment of chronic imported schistosomiasis.

Considerations and expectations for the administration of dispersible arpraziquantel to young children: a landscape analysis.

Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in many African countries and beyond. Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is a successful public health intervention that is recommended for all communities at risk, commonly reached through large-scale mass drug administration campaigns. However, preschool-age children are currently not routinely targeted for treatment due to operational challenges related to dosing and administration with the standard drug formulation.

A Review of Nanomaterials and Microwave Synthesized Metal Oxides Nanoparticles in Schistosomiasis Diagnosis.

Point of Care (POC) diagnosis provides an effective approach for controlling and managing Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). Electrochemical biosensors are well-suited for molecular diagnostics due to their high sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of integration into POC devices. Schistosomiasis is a prominent NTD highly prevalent in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, with significant socioeconomic implications such as discrimination, reduced work capacity, or mortality, perpetuating the cycle of poverty in affected regions worldwide.

Construction of Immune Single Domain Antibodies Library for Development of Specific Nanobodies Using Phage Display Strategy.

Background: poses a considerable global public health challenge. In Egypt, approximately 60% of the inhabitants in the Northern and Eastern areas of the Nile Delta are affected by this parasite, whereas the Southern region experiences a significantly lower infection rate of 6%.

Aim: Construction of an immune phage display Nbs library based on the VHH framework for selecting -specific Nbs for seeking cost-effective, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tools for rapidly detecting mansoni.

Evaluation of the recombinant protein -TSP-2 for the serological diagnosis of imported urogenital schistosomiasis and comparison with commercially available tests.

Different agencies have emphasized the need to evaluate current serological methods for screening patients with suspected urogenital schistosomiasis. However, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the most appropriate methods for this purpose. Here we assessed the diagnostic efficacy of a newly developed serological technique that utilizes the recombinant protein -TSP-2, applied to the urine and serum of migrants suspected of having urogenital schistosomiasis.

[Health education and health promotion during the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination Ⅰ Investigation on health education needs and available resource based on integration of community resources].

Objective: To investigate the health education needs and available resources in schistosomiasis-endemic areas based on integration of community resources, and to explore the operation pathways for health education and promotion during the stage of schistosomiasis elimination.

Methods: A community was selected from Nanji Township, Xinjian District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province around the Poyang Lake areas as the study site, and a questionnaire survey on health education needs for schistosomiasis control was conducted among permanent residents at ages of 20 years in the community during the period between June and July, 2022 using face-to-face interviews. In addition, the resources available for the community-based schistosomiasis control health education were investigated among workers in township-level specialized institutions, members of civil society organizations, villagers, teachers and high and primary school students through field observations, field surveys and thematic interviews.

[Spatial distribution characteristics of in different water systems in Anqing City from 2016 to 2022].

Objective: To investigate the distribution of snails in different water systems in Anqing City from 2016 to 2022, so as to provide insights into snail control in the city.

Methods: Snail survey data and distribution of water systems in snail-infested environments were collected from schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Anqing City from 2016 to 2022. The vector maps of towns and water systems in Anqing City were downloaded from National Geomatics Center of China.

[Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of snails spread in Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province from 2016 to 2023].

Objective: To investigate the snails spread and its spatio-temporal clustering characteristics in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide insights into precision control of snails in the City.

Methods: snail surveillance data in Suzhou City from 2016 to 2023 were collected, and the areas of snail spread and areas of emerging and re-emerging snail habitats were retrieved. The spatial distribution characteristics and clustering types and locations of environments with snail spread were investigated using global and local spatial auto correlation analyses with the software ArcGIS 10.

Massive Splenomegaly in Felty's Syndrome: A Case Report.

Felty's syndrome (FS) is a rare and complex condition most commonly seen as a complication of longstanding rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by a triad of RA, splenomegaly, and neutropenia. Diagnosing FS can be challenging due to its diverse clinical presentations and overlap with other hematologic and autoimmune conditions. We report a 47-year-old male with a history of severe anemia, recurrent blood transfusions, and a chronic leg ulcer.

[Differential analysis of intestinal flora in patients with hepatic blastomycosis based on second-generation sequencing].

Exploring the variability of the intestinal flora of patients with hepatic blastocysticercosis and searching for members of the intestinal microflora that may play a role in the disease process by means of macro-genome sequencing technology. A case-control study was used to include fecal samples from patients with hepatic vesicular schistosomiasis admitted to Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital between October 2023 and January 2024 and individuals attending health checkups. The experimental group (AE group) consisted of 10 patients with liver vesicular schistosomiasis and the control group (NC group) consisted of 9 individuals attending health checkups.

Localization of Cholecystokinin/Sulfakinin Neuropeptides in Biomphalaria glabrata, an Intermediate Host for Schistosomiasis.

Snails belonging to the genus Biomphalaria serve as obligatory intermediate hosts for the trematode Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent for the most widespread form of schistosomiasis. The simpler nervous systems of gastropod molluscs, such as Biomphalaria, provide advantageous models for investigating neural responses to infection at the cellular and network levels. The present study examined neuropeptides related to cholecystokinin (CCK), a major multifunctional regulator of central nervous system (CNS) function in mammals.

Clinicopathological differences between patients with schistosomal appendicitis and non schistosomal appendicitis: A retrospectively study of past ten years.

Background: Chronic schistosomiasis causes multiple organ and multiple system diseases, especially the digestive system. Schistosome eggs are mainly deposited in the stomach, liver and colorectal, but a few eggs are deposited in the appendix and cause disease. At present, there are few studies on schistosomal appendicitis.