Impact of Syringe and Needle Reuse on the Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Week Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes by comparing the no reuse or reuse of syringes and needles for insulin injection.

Research Design And Methods: Adults with type 2 diabetes who had reused syringes and needles at least three times were randomly instructed either to not reuse or to reuse insulin syringes and needles five times. The primary outcomes assessed were glycemic control, pain scores, and skin complications (ecchymosis, lipohypertrophy, nodules, infection) at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the intervention.

Temporal dynamics of gut microbiomes in non-industrialized urban Amazonia.

Increasing levels of industrialization have been associated with changes in gut microbiome structure and loss of features thought to be crucial for maintaining gut ecological balance. The stability of gut microbial communities over time within individuals seems to be largely affected by these changes but has been overlooked among transitioning populations from low- to middle-income countries. Here, we used metagenomic sequencing to characterize the temporal dynamics in gut microbiomes of 24 individuals living an urban non-industrialized lifestyle in the Brazilian Amazon.

Bracket Bonding to All-Ceramic Materials with Universal Adhesives.

The need for bracket bonding to ceramic restorations is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of universal adhesives on bracket adhesion to polished or glazed lithium disilicate (LDS) and monolithic zirconia (MZ) surfaces. One hundred and twenty brackets (N = 10) were bonded to either polished or glazed LDS (e.

Impact of baseline SARS-CoV-2 antibody status on syndromic surveillance and the risk of subsequent COVID-19-a prospective multicenter cohort study.

Background: In a prospective healthcare worker (HCW) cohort, we assessed the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to baseline serostatus.

Methods: Baseline serologies were performed among HCW from 23 Swiss healthcare institutions between June and September 2020, before the second COVID-19 wave. Participants answered weekly electronic questionnaires covering information about nasopharyngeal swabs (PCR/rapid antigen tests) and symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

In silico evaluation of the peripheral and inner seals in complete denture master impressions using a custom-developed 3D software.

Objectives: Despite the complexity of the edentulous anatomy, little evidence exists as to what impression techniques and materials should be employed for an optimal result. The aim of this in silico study was to evaluate the trueness of peripheral and inner seals of different edentulous jaw impressions.

Materials And Methods: Twelve maxillary edentulous participants (male = 8, female = 4; age 68.

Adhesion to high-performance polymers applied in dentistry: A systematic review.

Objective: The aim of this systemic review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement, was to investigate the impact of surface pretreatments on the bonding strength of high performance polymers (HPPs).

Methods: Eight databases were searched through March 2019. Risk of bias was assessed and random effects meta-analyses were applied to analyze mean differences in shear bond strength (SBS) and tensile bond strength (TBS), considering surface pretreatments and bonding agents after 24h and thermocycling.

Surface Roughness of Glass Ionomer Cements after Application of Different Polishing Techniques.

Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC) have been widely used in clinical practice since they have a wide range of positive characteristics: chemical bonding to the tooth surface, fluoride release, a heat-expansion coefficient similar to the tooth, do not require an absolutely dry working area, less volumetric contraction, good color stability. Physical properties can be improved by using external energy such as ultrasound and radiant heat , which also accelerates chemical curing. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective polishing technique and to compare the surface roughness of two Glass Ionomer Cements after treatment with heat and without heat treatment during the setting process.

Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study for atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 33 million individuals worldwide and has a complex heritability. We conducted the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AF to date, consisting of more than half a million individuals, including 65,446 with AF. In total, we identified 97 loci significantly associated with AF, including 67 that were novel in a combined-ancestry analysis, and 3 that were novel in a European-specific analysis.

Association of 24-Hour Blood Pressure With Urinary Sodium Excretion in Healthy Adults.

Background: While the positive relationship between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure (BP) is well established for middle-aged to elderly individuals using office BP, data are limited for younger individuals and ambulatory BP measurements.

Methods: Our analysis included 2,899 individuals aged 18 to 90 years from 2 population-based studies (GAPP, Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension [SKIPOGH]). Participants with prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or on BP-lowering treatment were excluded.

Large-scale analyses of common and rare variants identify 12 new loci associated with atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation affects more than 33 million people worldwide and increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, and death. Fourteen genetic loci have been associated with atrial fibrillation in European and Asian ancestry groups. To further define the genetic basis of atrial fibrillation, we performed large-scale, trans-ancestry meta-analyses of common and rare variant association studies.

Subclinical sleep apnoea and plasma levels of endothelin-1 among young and healthy adults.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a risk factor for vascular disease and other adverse outcomes. These associations may be at least partly due to early endothelin-1 (ET-1)-mediated endothelial dysfunction (ED). Therefore, we assessed the relationships between subclinical sleep apnoea and plasma levels of ET-1.

Heart Rate Variability and Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in the General Population.

Obstructive sleep apnea seems to have an important influence on the autonomic nervous system. In this study, we assessed the relations of sleep apnea-related parameters with 24-hour heart rate variability (HRV) in a large population of young and healthy adults. Participants aged 25 to 41 years with a body mass index <35 kg/m(2) and without known obstructive sleep apnea were included in a prospective population-based cohort study.

A randomized controlled clinical trial of 3-unit posterior zirconia-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDP) with layered or pressed veneering ceramics: 3-year results.

Objectives: The aim of the present pilot study was to test whether or not posterior zirconia-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with pressed veneering ceramic exhibit less chipping than FDPs with layered veneering ceramics.

Methods: Forty patients (13 female, 27 male; mean age 54 years (range 26.1-80.

Analysis of Translucency Parameter of Glass-Ceramics Fabricated by Different Techniques.

The Purpose: of the study was to analyse translucency parameter (TP values) of glass-ceramics fabricated by different techniques and investigate the effect of the corrosive medium on TP values.

Materials And Methods: Three specimens of each type of IPS e.max ceramics (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were made in three colours (A2, C2 and B3) by three fabrication techniques (layering - e.

Noncarious cervical lesions restored with three different tooth-colored materials: two-year results.

Introduction: The aim of this two-year prospective clinical study was to evaluate and compare the clinical performance of three different adhesive esthetic materials in noncarious cervical lesions.

Material And Methods: A total of 90 restorations (30 per material) were placed in 30 patients who ranged in age between 18 and 50 years and of both genders, by a single operator with no previous preparation. The restoration of noncarious cervical lesions was done with either a microfilled composite (Esthet.

The effect of air-polishing abrasives on wear of direct restoration materials and sealants.

Background: Air-polishing devices (APDs) effectively remove supragingival staining. However, the use of APDs on restorative surfaces may result in clinically relevant surface damage and material loss.

Methods: The authors made plane specimens (N = 180) of dental restorative materials (Tetric EvoCeram [Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein], Tetric Flow [Ivoclar Vivadent ], Grandio Flow [VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany], Admira Seal [VOCO], Grandio Seal [VOCO]) and Ionofil Molar [VOCO]).

Shear modulus of 5 flowable composites to the EverStick Ortho fiber-reinforced composite retainer: an in-vitro study.

Introduction: Although fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) are now available for use as orthodontic retainers, little is known about their bonding properties. Our aim in this study was to investigate the adhesive properties of various composites to a commercially available FRC retainer.

Methods: Five flowable composites (Grandio Flow [Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany], Synergy Flow [Coltène/Whaledent AG, Genf, Switzerland], Tetric Flow [Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan Fürstentum, Liechtenstein], Tetric Flow Chroma [Ivoclar Vivadent AG], and Transbond LR [3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were tested for their shear bond strengths to the EverStick Ortho (Stick Tech Ltd Oy, Turku, Finland) FRC retainer stick.

Investigations of subcritical crack propagation of the Empress 2 all-ceramic system.

Introduction: The mechanical properties and slow crack propapagation of the all-porcelain system Empress 2 (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with its framework compound Empress 2 and the veneering compounds "Empress 2 and Eris were examined.

Methods: For all materials, the fracture strength, Weibull parameter and elastic moduli were experimentally determined in a four-point-bending test. For the components of the Empress 2 system, the fracture toughness K(IC) was determined, and the crack propagation parameters n and A were determined in a dynamic fatigue method.

Effect of water storage, thermocycling, the incorporation and site of placement of glass-fibers on the flexural strength of veneering composite.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of water storage, thermocycling, and the incorporation of glass-fibers, on the flexural strength of veneering composites.

Methods: Veneering composites with different fillers, matrices and polymerization methods (Belleglass Kerr Inc., Orange, CA, USA; Sculpture, Pentron Inc.

Resistance of an enamel-bonding agent to saliva and acid exposure in vitro assessed by liquid scintillation.

Objectives: To determine the leakage and resistance of a bonding agent and a light-curing fine hybrid composite when exposed to saliva or lactic acid (pH 4) in vitro.

Methods: Twenty discs in each of four groups of selected irradiated bovine lower central incisors were treated with one of three sealing options: an enamel bond (Heliobond, Vivadent, Schaan, Liechenstein) in a single-step application; Heliobond in a two-step application; and Tetric Flow (Vivadent) as the negative control. One group served as the positive control and remained unsealed.